Fundamental Movements

Locomotor Movements and Non-Locomotor Movements

THE LOCOMOTOR AND MANIPULATIVE SKILL

Learning Outcomes:
 identify the different types of locomotor movement and manipulative skills.
 execute the types of locomotor movement and manipulative skills effectively.
 design a specific activity using the given skills.

Test your knowledge

Are you familiar to the locomotor movements? Arrange the jumbled letters to form the word/s of
the correct answer. Write your answer on the space provided.

LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT ANSWER

1. EDILS
2. APLE
3. KALW
4. KIPS
5. TROHW
6. OHP
7. NUR
8. CTCHA
9. MPUJ
10. PALLOG

Jumping is a locomotor movement apply in executing spiking and blocking

Source: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-12/italy-spike-the-ball-against-bulgaria/4193908?pfm=ms&nw=0
 INTRODUCTION:

Spiking is a vital skill in winning a volleyball game. In performing the spiking ability, you
need to apply the locomotor movement of jumping and running while approaching the ball. In
this lesson, you will learn that playing volleyball is challenging, and you need to develop the
basic locomotor skills. It is essential to begin with an exercise. A student, such as yourself,
would always begin by doing the warm-up and stretching exercises before performing vigorous
sports activity. Most of the time, you would warm-up and stretch in a stationary position or non-
locomotor, which requires specific skills included the locomotor movement and manipulative
skills.

DISCUSSION:

Locomotor Movement
Are physical actions that propels an individual from one place to another? This may mean
moving forward, backward, or even upwards using certain skills.

1. Walk - to move with a series of steps by

transferring weight from one foot to another
foot.

Source:https://www.th
elocal.se/20170718/active-swedes-walk-more-than-brits-
and-americans-study-shows

2. Run - to move at speed faster than a

walk with one foot momentarily suspended
off the ground using a longer stride of the
legs.
Source:https://www.sci
encemag.org/news/2019/09/running-or-sitting-can-change-
shape-your-heart

3. Jump - push yourself upward and

suspend the air temporarily by using the leg
muscles on both feet and landing on both
feet. The knees must flex to absorb the
impact of the landing.
Source:https://www.sportgisborne.org.nz/fundamental-
movement/vertical-jump
4. Leap- take off one foot, cover a large
distance, and land on the other foot. Use
several running steps to lead into the leap.

Source:https://www.sportgisborne.org.nz/fundamental-
movement/leap/

5. Slide - a combination of a walk and a

leap that occurs in an uneven rhythm,
traveling to the side with no crossing of the
feet
Source:https://www.popworkouts.com/shuffle-exercise-good-
warm-up-legs/

6. Hop push-off one foot on the ground and

land on the same foot.

Source:https://www.sportgisborne.org.nz/fundamental-
movement/hop/

7. Skip - a combination of step and a

hopping movement by stepping forward to
lift to the surface with one foot while flexing
the other knee and landing on the same
foot.
Source:https://www.sportgisborne.org.nz/fundamental-
movement/skip/

8. Gallop - a forward slide movement: One

foot is placed in front of the opposite foot.
The front footsteps forward with a little
spring, followed by the transfer of body
weight to the back foot.

Source:http://caron
efitness.com/mastercourses/acfmastercss/elementary/pe/act
ivitylibrary/exlibrary/activity_dance_locomotor.html
Manipulative skills- 

Manipulative skills involve moving or using an object with the hands or feet to achieve a goal or
complete a task. For gross motor skills, the object might be sporting equipment or toys such as
bats, balls, racquets, or jump ropes. These skills are also sometimes called object-
control skills.

In the gross-motor area, these skills include:

A. Pushing and pulling (the object

might be a wheeled toy)

Source:http
s://study.com/academy/lesson/push-pull-forces-
lesson-for-kids-definition examples.htm

B. Lifting weights

Source:http
s://www.bclocalnews.com/sports/strongman-
competition-attracts-thousands/

C. Striking (such as swinging a

baseball bat or golf club to hit a ball)

Source:https://www.topbaseballtournaments.com/i
ndex.php/2017/11/04/why-are-you-striking-out/

D. Throwing a baseball
 tchcanada.usetopscore.com/en_us/p/throwing-
techniq

Source:https://quiddi

E. Kicking or rolling (a ball)


Source:https://www.insidescience.org/ne
ws/aerodynamics-soccer-ball

F. Volleying (a ball back and forth to

another person, either with the
hands or a racquet)

Source:https://
www.flickr.com/photos/sjhfoto/2549257595/

G. Bouncing the ball

Source:https
://www.ussportscamps.com/tips/basketball/ball-
handling-sta
H. Catching or receiving an object

Activities like pencil tracing, stacking coins, and playing checkers, by contrast, require fine motor
skills.

Online Learning:
Watch this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICn7xLQIfrc on how to execute the
different locomotor skills.
Visit this site https://aptparenting.com/manipulative-skills#:~:text=Manipulative%20skills%2C
%20particularly%2C%20are%20those,make%20use%20of%20our%20muscles. and discuss
the importance and role of manipulative skill in Physical Education. Write your answer to the
comment section of the Facebook group.

Reflective Question:

How do you plan to improve your movements using locomotor skills? Do you think
this is important? Why? Write your answer on the space provided. Reflection is not
less than 50 words and not more than 100 words. The reflection will be evaluated based on the
rubrics below.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Activity Task:

Design five exercises and apply the locomotor skills using ladder equipment. Do each
exercise drill twice to find out how it affects your body. Repeat this activity three times
a week and attached some photos as evidence for documentation. The task will be
evaluated based on the rubrics below
Answer the following questions.
1. What are the benefits of doing these exercises to your personal development?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. In what ways the locomotor skills help in our daily activities?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

References:

Chen, W., Mason, S., Hammond-Bennett, A., & Zalmout, S. (2015, May 29). Manipulative skill
competency and health-related physical fitness in elementary school students. Retrieved
August 21, 2020, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254615000599
(n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2020, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/components-of-body-
movements-locomotor-nonlocomotor-manipulative.html
(n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2020, from
http://users.rowan.edu/~conet/rhythms/Resources/Loco.nonloco.definitions.html
By: GreatSchools Staff | October 23, 2. (n.d.). Don't just exercise: Hop! Gallop! Side-slide!
Retrieved August 21, 2020, from https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/dont-just-
exercise/
Discountschoolsupply, & By. (2014, June 02). Locomotor skills. Retrieved August 21, 2020, from
https://sharinwithsharron.wordpress.com/tag/locomotor-skills/
Holecko, C. (2019, October 20). How Kids Master Manipulative Motor Skills. Retrieved August
21, 2020, from https://www.verywellfamily.com/manipulative-skills-1256926

Non-Locomotor Movements

NON-LOCOMOTOR
Learning Outcomes:
 identify the different types of non-locomotor movement.
 execute the types of non-locomotor movement.
 design a specific activity using the given skills.

Test your knowledge

Are you familiar to the locomotor movements? Arrange the jumbled letters to form the word/s of
the correct answer. Write your answer on the space provided.

NON-LOCOMOTOR
ANSWERS
MOVEMENTS
1. CINGBRA
2. OREC
 3. RDBI GOD
4. EADD GUB
5. HUSP PU
6. SCPUARAL
7. KNALP
8. TUAQS
9. SERESI
10. NN–OOOM T RCLO

INTRODUCTION:

Non-Locomotor Characteristics. Non-locomotor skills are fundamental body

movements that do not incorporate traveling. They are stability skills that include movements of
limbs or body parts, and sometimes even the whole body. They are occasionally referred to as
axial movements, as in 'revolving around an axis'

DISCUSSION:

A. Bracing the Core

Reference: GuerrillaZen Fitness How To PROPERLY Brace The Core | Creating Spinal Stability, GuerrillaZen Fitness,. Online
Video Clip. Youtube 2, July 24, 2016. August 21, 2020
Link : https://youtu.be/tbnsxV1WJWg

Bracing of the core or midsection is actually natural to us, and it is something we

do when we first learn to move. It advances through the time we crawl, stand, and walk.
It is natural to us and it is actually how our midsection is designed. Somewhere down
the line we forget this and end up using these core muscles only for movement or not
much at all. The muscles of the pelvic floor-internal and external obliques, rectus
abdominis, erector spinae, multifidus, transverse abdominis, and the diaphragm-are
designed to give our midsection great bracing power. This, in turn, gives one of the
weakest structural areas of the body great
 Correct bracing starts with the stacking of the spine. This basically means the natural
curve of the spinal column. There will be a small arch (lordosis) in the cervical spine and lumbar
spine, along with a hunch (kyphosis) in the thoracic spine. The rib cage will also be pinned to
the back of the spine rather than expanded up in a position of a big chest. This correct stacking
of the spine is the strongest position for the spine. This stacked position also puts the body in
the strongest possible position to brace, because it allows the rib cage to be brought down
directly over the pelvic floor, meaning no open or closed scissor effect.
Once the spine is correctly stacked, air is sucked into the belly and filled up from the bottom of
the belly to the top. If the air is going into the lungs and expanding the rib cage, you aren’t
bracing correctly. Remember the filling the belly full of air is not bracing-it is only one step. Next
you have to expand all the muscles of the midsection while pushing them all out as far as
possible. This does not mean just pushing the belly forward using the rectus abdominis; your
whole midsection should be expanding, including your sides and back. It’s just like blowing up a
balloon. The bracing happens when you actively expand your entire midsection out in all
directions, even the back. The last part of bracing is utilizing your latissimus dorsi muscles to
help stabilize your whole spine. This is done by pulling down with your latissimus dorsi as if
you’re trying to compress your whole spine in that stacked position.

B. Dead Bug Series

References: LARPhysicalTheraphy., Beginners Dead Bug. LARPhysicalTheraphy. Online Video Clip. Youtube 2. July 19, 2017.
August 21, 2020 LINK; https://youtu.be/UIL7VI5_EQg

The dead bug” exercise (which looks exactly like it sounds) is one of the simplest moves out
there when it comes to strengthening your abs and core without putting extra strain on your
back. That’s because the dead bug exercise works your deep inner core: your transverse
abdominis, multifidus, diaphragm, and pelvic floor, and building a strong core will protect and
stabilize your spine, particularly when your limbs are in motion.
To perform the dead bug series, lie face-up with your arms extended toward the ceiling,
directly over your shoulders, and knees bent 90 degrees over hips, calves parallel to floor (a).
Keeping your shoulders down and feet flexed, engage your core and extend your right arm and
left leg away from you (b). Tap your heel to floor and return to center. Immediately repeat on the
opposite side. Continue alternating sides for 16 reps total (eight on each side). Try this move for
three to four times a week to see results.
The dead bug is what's known as a dynamic warm-up move, meaning it's great to crank out
before a rigorous abs workout to wake up your core and make each exercise that follows more
effective. The most important thing to remember when you’re doing the exercise is to keep your
abs tight and lower back pressed into the floor. Don’t let your lower or upper back arch as you
perform the arm and leg movements

But the dead bug comes with some other significant body benefits as well. Synchronizing your
opposite arm and leg movements is a great way to train your coordination. And in an era where
most people struggle with mobility issues thanks to sitting all day, dead bugs can help you
expand your range of motion.
C. Bird Dog Series

References: FitnessReloaded., Bird Dof Exercise: Can you do all 9 Variations? FirnessReloaded. Online Video Clip. Youtube 2.
September 23, 2016. August 21,2020 Link; https://youtu.be/RlN8pKgKUN0

Same with the dead bug series, the bird dog series also develops and improves the
abdominal muscles. The latter exercise is just similar with the former but instead of lying down,
face the ground. Start by imitating how a dog stands with the knees bent. Raise and extend one
arm forward and at the same time, raise and extend the alternating leg backward. Next, move
arms and leg back to the starting position but this time, bend the arm and let the elbows and
knee touch. While doing this, execute the bracing of the core, as well.
D. RESS UP/PUSH UP EXERCISE
References: ATHLEAN-X,. The Perfect PUSH-UP Workout (3Levels). Online Video Clip. Youtube 2. October 28, 2019. August
21. 2020 Link: https://youtu.be/AhdtowFDKT0
Press up, or most popularly known as push up, is one of the best exercises to improve
the arm strength and develop the chest muscles. There are different ways to execute this,
depending on each individual’s push up strength. It is advisable for first timers to perform the
beginner’s push up, which can be done in two ways. One is doing the push up on the wall and
the other is the bent knee push up. The proper push up is for the advanced level. Once you are
familiarized with the proper push up, you can do many variations of this exercise. Two of which
are the wide and close push up.

To execute this properly, start with a 90 degree body position on the ground. Bend toes
and fingers should be pointing forward. Then, bend the elbows pushing the body down, the
lower the better. Make sure the butt is not pointed and it follows the body going down.
Afterwards, push body back up to the 90 degree position. This is the same process in every
kind of push up. Just bend the knees for knee bent push up and lean on the wall for push up on
the wall.

E. SCAPULAR PROTRACTION AND RETRACTION

References: Gundersen Health System., Scapular Protraction. Gundersen Health System. Online Video Clip. Youtube 2. July
30, 2018. August 21, 2020 LINK: https://youtu.be/6PQ3Cvkq2OM

The scapular protraction and retraction is an exercise that concentrates on developing

the upper back muscles especially the scapular part. This exercise is not allowed for people
with thoracic vertebrae scoliosis. This is because this exercise involves the spinal cord and may
worsen the condition.

To execute, start with the same starting position for the push up. But for this exercise,
don’t bend the elbows. Instead, pull the shoulder blades together towards the spine. Make sure
you are not shrugging. This is the scapular retraction. And then, push the shoulder blades away
from the spine towards the chest area. This is now the scapular protraction.
F. PLANK SERIES
References: Dare to be Active with Dr. LA Thoma Gustin., !0 Minute PLANK Series – Core Exercises for Beginners- Dr. Thoma
Gustin. Online Video Clip. Youtube 2. September 11, 2019. August 21, 2020 LINK: https://youtu.be/RlPiDQFqaCw

The plank exercise is another exercise for the development of the core and muscles.
This exercise needs balance from the arms and feet. Its body position is almost the same as
with the push up, except for the arms. Instead of hands facing the floor, the forearm and elbows
are used.

To perform the proper plank, the body should maintain a straight position, especially the
butt, for a certain period of time depending on a person’s level. Sometimes, people target
specific amount of time so one should know his/her limits.
G. SQUAT SERIES
References: Be Naturally Fir By Rebecca., Squat Series. Rebecca. Online Video Clip. Youtube 2. December 2, 2016. August
21, 2020 LINK: https://youtu.be/jGFR0GLnADY
 A squat is an exercise for the development of the lower body, specifically for the hips.
The exercise starts from a standing position. Often, weights such as a loaded barbell,
dumbbells or kettlebells, depending on the preferences and needed, are added. For beginners,
performing this exercise without the aforementioned equipment is recommended.

The exercise is begun by bending the knees to lower the hips to the back and then
return to the standing position. This exercise should be done with a straight back and pointing
the butt.
Activity Task:
After reading/studying/watching the different series of non-locomotor movement
what have you learned form it? It’s now time for you to performed/execute the said
Non-locomotor movement. Execute the said non-locomotor, while performing it try
to ask someone to get a picture while you are performing it, then copy paste to the
activity form below. First Column (Plank Series), Second Column (Squat Series),
Third Column Push-up, Fourth Column (Dog bird Series) and lastly Dead Bug
Series the name the images.
 Reflection Question:

How do you plan to improve your movements using Non-locomotor skills? Do you
think this is important? Why? Write your answer on the space provided. Reflection is
not less than 50 words and not more than 100 words. The reflection will be evaluated
based on the rubrics given.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________