Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BOE Intview Questions & Answers
BOE Intview Questions & Answers
Class A: Main trippings Generator will trip immediately with out any time
delay. Severity is more. Turbine will trip automatically.
Class B: Turbine trip will initiate the Gen. trip on low forward power relay
(UATs, GTs etc wdg. Temps)
Class C: Any electrical fault on external (Outside Gen.) side Gen. breaker will
open, but Gen. is in service. Supplying house loads.
1
05) What will happen when the Drum level is Very high? (+250mm)
Ans) 01. There is every possibility of carry over of (Priming & foaming) wet
particles into SH & Turbine.
i) This will result in pitting of blades on turbines
ii) In SH over heating may result. (Finally it may leads to tube
burn outs)
02. If it continuously maintains phosphate carry over will also occur.
It will trip the boiler safely and it won’t allow for re-light-up of boiler with
out any purging.
2
12) Flame failure.
Ans) 01) To avoid explosion of boiler (with fuel admission under no flame
condition (all scanners sense no flame)) fuel admission should be stopped
immediately by tripping the boiler.
02) In each elevation 4 scanners are placed to monitor the fire ball
condition. If any two scanners will fail it will be voted for no flame.
03) If all the fire ball scanners voted for no flame simultaneously in all
elevations boiler will trip on flame failure.
13) RH protection
Ans) 01) To safe guard the RH coils during boiler full firing condition.
02) Flow should be ensured in RH coils when the FG furnace exit temp
at 5400C to avoid damage of RH coils.
03) If turbine is in tripped condition there is no flow in RH coils. In that
condition HP & LP bypass is not in open condition boiler will trip on
RH protection.
3
19) What is meant by Aux. dampers modulated condition?
Ans) 01) During purging condition fuel air dampers are in closed condition.
02) Aux. air dampers should be in certain percentage of open condition
[wind box pr. = 40mmwcl ] during purging.
03) This modulating position of aux. air dampers will establish the main.
Air flow for purging.
4
28) Terminal Temp. difference (TTD)
Ans) 01) It is the temp diff between the saturation steam temp – CW O/L temp.
(3-40C)
02) If TTD is very less size of the condenser will increase.
03) TTD will indicate effective heat transfer in the heat exchanger.
5
35) Types of n boilers according to passes.
Ans) 01) Single pass: ---- Tower type - VTPS II&III Stages, RTPP Stage-I
02) Two pass: ----- Conventional -- KTPS-V Stage, ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, VTPS-
I Stage, RTPP-Stage-II
Advantages:
01) In single pass erosion is less
02) Maintenance and repair is difficult
03) Some times temperature control also more difficult than two pass.
The function of safety valve is to permit the steam in the boiler to escape to
atmosphere when pressure in the steam space exceeds certain specified limit.
The SV prevents building up of excessive pressure in the boiler.
It operates on a principle that, a valve is pressed against its seat through
some agency such as strut, screw or spring by external weights or force. When
the steam force due to boiler pressure acting under the valve exceeds the external
force, the valve gets lifter off its seat and some of the steam rushes out. It will
seat after normal pressure is reached.
Types of SV:
01) Dead weight SV: Useful for low Pr. Boilers.
02) Lever SV: Suitable for stationary boilers.
03) Spring Loaded SV: Suitable for portable boilers. Ex: Locomotive &
marine.
04) High steam – low water SV: It is most important SV for internal fire tube
boilers namely Cornish and Lacashire boilers.
Safety valve: POP up action
EMRV: Safety relief valve – function of pressure.
Relief valve: Liquid relief (Pr.)
38) Why MS safety valve settings are kept on low side compared to drum SV?
Ans) 01) To avoid starvation of super heater.
02) If drum SV are lifted first there will not be flow in the SH coils.
6
39) What is Bi-drum?
40) Importance of O2 ?
Ans) 01) For complete and efficient combustion optimum amount of air flow.
02) Generally theoretical air flow is not sufficient for complete combustion.
03) So we have to provide some additional air flow more than the theoretical
air flow. That air is called excess air flow.
04) For complete combustion the optimum excess air flow is 20-25%.
42) Why the FG temp after AH is limited to min. 1200C (Dew point of FG)
Ans)
01) The Sulpher dioxide in FG has acid dew point at 1200C. So it will form
H2SO4 and corrode the metal baskets.
02) Because of this the FG is left to chimney is more than the 1400C even
though the efficiency is loose.
03) For 1200C temp rise in boiler 1% efficiency will rise.
04) For better dispersement (as per environment pollution act) of FG the temp
should not fall below 1000C.
7
44) About CBD and CBD Tank?
Ans)
01) To contain silica concentration in the drum continuous blow down
provision is given in the drum.
02) This blow down steam go to a flash tank called CBD where impure water
will be collected in drain form and pure steam will rise in vapour form
give it to deaerator.
Radial fans are used wherever more handling of air (FG) is required (may
be Pr. Required is low) ID fans.
If more Pr. Is required then use the Axial fans.
For FD – Single stage Axial fan
For PA – Double stage Axial fan (It requires more Pr.)
01) Open Type: It is used where plenty of water is available. May be river or
sea water. Ex. VTPS
02) Closed Type: It is used at water scarcity places.
i) Forced Cooling: Cooling can be achieved by the fans
ii) Natural Cooling : Cooling is achieved by natural draft provided by
the cooling tower. Here cooling tower height is more compared to
forced cooling. No power consumption.
8
51) Hydraulic test of boiler (1.5 times)?
Ans) Hydraulic test of the boiler can be done upto 1.5 times of the rated Pr. Keep
at least 30 min.
While raising the Pr. :
01) Rate of Pr. Rise = 10 KSC/Min upto 80% test Pr.
02) After that rate of Pr. Rise = 1 KSC/Min.
While killing the Pr.:
01) Rate of killing the Pr. = 2 to 2.5 Ksc/Min continuously.
53) Drum , SH, RD, Economiser and water walls tonnage capacity?
Ans) Water walls = 150 T
Drum = 50 T
Economiser = 60 T
Super Heater = 120 T
Reheater = 60 T
For optimum combustion excess air required is about 20 – 25% of theoretical air
flow.
01) Pressure Preservation: Keep the boiler under pressure after tripping
02) Wet Preservation: Fill with DM water and Hydrazine and maintain 150-
200 ppm.
03) Dry Preservation: Before tripping, dosing hydrazine solution, which will
form the film and protects after draining.
04) Hot Preservation: After tripping, draining of boiler at hot condition.
Advantages:
01) Maximum saving in power consumption
02) Efficiency is more at partial loads
03) Cheap compared to scoop & VFD controls
10
After seeing the clear water you can stop water washing. Roughly it takes 12
hours.
59) Upper and Lower air dampers advantages (Wind box FF& AA)?
Ans: These dampers are provided to reduce environmental pollution free
atmosphere such as to prevent fall of acid rains due to NOX (Oxides). The air
provided in this region will dilute the NOX oxides.
62) Types of Air heaters? Adv. & Dis Adv. Between them?
Ans)
Advantages:
01) Less maintenance
02) No fly ash mixing
03) No aux. power consumption
Dis Advantages:
01) Occupies more space
02) Replacement of punctured tube is difficult
03) Pr. Drop is high
04) Puncture in tube results overload of ID fans
05) Heat transfer is less
11
64) Blow off cock?
Ans) It is fitted at the lowest part of the boiler. It’s function is to remove
periodically the sediments at the bottom of the boiler while the boiler is working
and to empty the boiler.
67) Secondary air, Aux. air & Territory air, Fuel air?
Ans)
Secondary Air: It is completely utilized for combustion purpose. This air is
properly proportionated between fuel and aux. air dampers for proper
combustion.
This SA before sending into the combustion chamber it should be
heated to 3000C (nearer to ignition energy of fuel). That air should be preheated
to get better combustion.
12
Fuel Air: The air that immediately surrounds the fuel tip (or) the air given along
with the fuel.
Aux. Air: The air given above and below the burner.
Territory Air: Territory air is the additional air supplied above the fuel tip in
perpendicular to the fuel jet for better mixing. Where SADC are not provided in
which stations air registers are there for fuel air.
68) About Ignition energy, Ignition temp., Self ignition and support ignition?
Ans) Ignition Energy: It is the min heat energy required for combustion.
Ignition Temp.: It is the temp at which combustible substance readily burn (It
gives self sustained flame)
Self Ignition: The temp at which the fuel establishes self sustained combustion.
(We can withdraw support combustion)
More than 60% of boiler load is self ignition for the fuel available.
We can with draw the support ignition (oil).
Support Ignition: During start ups and boiler load <60% the self ignition of coal
is not sufficient to establish a self sustained combustion. Such type of
combustion requires additional ignition support. That additional ignition is called
support ignition.
13
73) Expansion of boiler?
Ans) Expansion of boiler should be measured in all directions during the start up
conditions and it will indicate the uniform heating of boiler.
01) At ring header
02) Above ring header and other areas.
The total boiler downward expansion is 300 mm.
Dry bottom furnaces are recommended for the coals containing ash fusion temp >
13000C.
81) Cavitation?
Ans) It is a two stage phenomena. In the first stage the bubbles will form when
the liquid reaches its saturation temp and later when it moves to higher stage prs.
It will collapse and cause pitting in the blades.
Cavaties in the liquid will overheat the tubes in furnace and finally
burn out the tubes.
82) Creeping?
Ans) When the metal is subjected to sudden heating and cooling creep (during
the sudden expansion and contraction will cause a material fatigue will be
subjected is called creep) will develop and it will develop crack on the tube.
(slow and progressive deformation)
83)Hogging?
Ans) When the top and bottom of a rotor shaft is not cooled uniformly this will
result expansion and contraction. The entire shaft will come to bowl shape is
called hogging.
The more % of O2 after RAH than the before RAH indicates that definite
air ingressment in RAH.
89) Types of mills? Why people are going for bowl mills for higher
capacities?
Ans) Types of mills :
01) Bowl mill
02) Ball mill
03) Ball & race mill
04) Beater & hammer mill
Ball mills:
01) These are suitable for Indian coals.
02) The maintenance cost is more.
03) Less maintenance
04) Any fuel can be grinded
Bowl mill:
Advantages:
01) Less maintenance cost
02) Low noise level
03) Power consumption is less
04) Impact on furnace side disturbance is less
Dis advantages:
01) Sensitive to foreign material
02) Difficult to remove the rejects
Gaseous Fuels:
01) Natural Gas - 9350 Kcal/Nm3
02) Propane - 22,200 “
03) Buton - 28,500 “
99) Creep?
Ans) Failure due to creep is caused when continued stress at temp higher in
relation to the melting point is imposed. In such failures the surfaces are
oxidized and irregular. A reduction in density of the material could also be
detected.
104)
19