What does PRESSURE mean?

• In Life:
Pressure = a physics quiz every day

• In Science:
Pressure = force per unit area

P= F
A
 Collisions cause Pressure
• The pressure of a gas is caused by the collision of
molecules against the sides of the container.

Pressure = Force/Area
 4
Boyle’s Law:
Pressure-Volume Relationship
At constant temperature, the volume of the gas
change inversely with its pressure.
At constant temperature, the product of pressure
and volume is a constant.

PV = constant or PinitialVinitial = PfinalVfinal

Prentice Hall © 2005 General Chemistry 4th edition, Hill, Petrucci, McCreary, Perry
Chapter Five
 Relationship V1
between
volume and
pressure. P1

P1V1 = P2V2

Decrease volume
more collisions
V2
 6

Graphical Representation of Boyle’s Law

When volume is increased there is more area

for the molecules to “hit”; less force per area.

Prentice Hall © 2005 General Chemistry 4th edition, Hill, Petrucci, McCreary, Perry
Chapter Five
 11
Charles’s Law:
Temperature-Volume Relationship

Prentice Hall © 2005 General Chemistry 4th edition, Hill, Petrucci, McCreary, Perry
Chapter Five
 12

Charles’s Law:
Temperature-Volume Relationship

• The volume of a fixed amount of a gas at constant

pressure is directly proportional to its Kelvin
(absolute) temperature.
• Absolute zero is the temperature obtained by
extrapolation to zero volume.
• Absolute zero on the Kelvin scale = –273 °C

Prentice Hall © 2005 General Chemistry 4th edition, Hill, Petrucci, McCreary, Perry
Chapter Five
 14
Graphical Representation of Charles’s Law
When temperature is Extrapolation to the lowest
decreased (constant P) … possible volume (zero) gives
the lowest possible
temperature (0 K).

… volume
decreases.
Prentice Hall © 2005 General Chemistry 4th edition, Hill, Petrucci, McCreary, Perry
Chapter Five
Effect of Temperature on a Gas

PV
EOS
Relationships
Low Pressure vs. High Pressure
inside a System
The number of collisions
of gas molecules against
the wall of the container
determines the pressure
in the container. Notice
the difference in the
number of collisions.
Figure (a) would have a
lower pressure than
Figure (b).
 Pressure-Volume Relationship:
Boyle’s Law
For a given amount of a gas at
constant temperature, the
volume of the gas varies
inversely with its pressure

i.e., if V ↑, then P ↓

EOS
 Temperature-Volume
Relationship: Charles’s Law
The volume of a fixed
amount of a gas at constant
pressure is directly
proportional to its Kelvin
temperature

i.e., if V ↑, then T ↑
or V/T = k

EOS
 Temperature-Volume
Relationship: Charles’s Law
Absolute zero is the
temperature obtained by
extrapolation to zero
volume
Absolute zero on the
Kelvin scale = –273.15 °C
and ...
273.15 K = 0 °C
EOS