THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

% Judgment Reserved on: 25.02.2011

Judgment Pronounced on: 04.03.2011

+ CS(OS) No. 2642/2008

SUSHMA TEHLAN DALAL ..…Plaintiff

- versus –

SHIVRAJ SINGH TEHLAN & ORS ....Defendant

Advocates who appeared in this case:

For the Plaintiff: Mr. Y.P. Narula, Sr. Adv. with
Ms. Nandita Rao, Adv.

For the Defendant: Mr. Mohinder Madan, Adv. for

D-1. Mr Vivek Singh, Adv. for D-
7.

CORAM:-
HON’BLE MR JUSTICE V.K. JAIN

1. Whether Reporters of local papers may Yes

be allowed to see the judgment?

2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? Yes

3. Whether the judgment should be reported Yes

in Digest?

V.K. JAIN, J

IA No. 10367/2010 (O.7 R.11 CPC by D-1)

1. This is a suit for partition, cancellation of sale

deeds, permanent injunction, rendition of accounts and

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 1 of 16

mesne profits. Late Chaudhary Hukum Singh was the

owner of the following properties:

(a) 2/28, Roop Nagar, Delhi of 246 square yards on

GT Road.

(b) Lands in Village Nunglai Sakrawati, Najafgarh

Tehsil Jila, Delhi, Delhi in Khasra Nos.

32/3,4,7/1,12/16,13/20,19,25/21/1,27/5/1,1

3/2,242,49,49/1.

(c) 3 Farm Land Plots, Alipur Delhi, approximately

18 bighas.

(d) Sansar Service Station, Najafgarh (Near Vikas

Puri), Delhi;

(e) Anup Service Station, Alaknanda upon land on

99 year lessee from DDA;

(f) Harjeet Filling Statin with adjoining plot Alipur

(on GT Karnal Road), Delhi;

(g) 189 Bighas of land situated in Alwar at

Khaderpur, Tehsil, Tejara Distt. Alwar,

Rajasthan in Khasra No.2 to 16, 23 to 26, 38,

140, 138, 142M, 34M, 1M, 46, 43, 44, 930, 939,

942/1058, 918, 920, 940, 928, 870, 871, 911,

893, 908, 909, 1029, 905, 890, 891, 894, 892,

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 2 of 16

 868, 869, 872 to 875, 878, 906, 907, 1026,

1027, 1028, 896, 897 and 1023 total area

around 189 bighas.

He died intestate on 15th August, 1969, leaving six

legal heirs, including his widow Smt. Barfo Devi. Smt. Berfo

Devi died on 26 th June, 1981, leaving five legal heirs,

namely, her son, late Shri Anup Singh Tehlan, her other son

Harjeet Singh Tehlan, defendant No.1 Shivraj Singh Tehlan,

defendant No. 6 Kaushalya Chaudhary and the plaintiff

Sushma Singh Tehlan. Shri Harjeet Singh Tehlan died

intestate in the year 2003, without any issues and his wife,

who was estranged from him, is stated to have since re-

married. It is alleged that his share in the above-referred

properties devolved on the plaintiff and the defendants, they

being his Class-II legal heirs. Defendants 2 to 5 are the legal

heirs of late Shri Anup Singh Tehlan.

2. The plaintiff claims to be in possession of two

rooms, two verandahs, two stores, two toilets and washroom

in the western wing of the first floor of house No. 2/28,

Roop Nagar, Delhi and joint possession of the kitchen, open

terrace of the second floor, the flat on second floor and

shops and garage on the ground floor. It is further alleged

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 3 of 16

that defendant No. 1 sold some portion of the parental

property by executing a General Power of Attorney dated

26th May, 1987. One sale deed in respect of land in village

Nangli is alleged to have been executed by defendant No. 1

on 02nd July, 2008 in favour of defendant No. 7, Bharat

Singh and another sale deed of the same date is alleged to

have been executed in favour of defendant No. 8 Vijay

Sharma. The plaintiff has sought partition of the above-

referred properties, besides seeking rendition of accounts

and mesne profit with respect to the profits earned from the

service stations. She has also sought cancellation of the sale

deeds dated 02nd July, 2008, executed by defendant No. 1 in

favour of defendant Nos. 7 and 8.

3. Para 2 of the plaint which deals with valuation

reads as under:

“The suit is valued over a crore for the

purpose of jurisdiction. As regards the
reliefs of permanent injunction, the suit
is valued at Rs 20,01,000/- and a court
fee of Rs 22,000/ has been paid. As
regards the relief of partition and mesne
profits, the suit is valued at Rs 200/- and
a court fee of Rs 20 has been paid. As
regards the relief of cancellation for the
documents being sale deeds dated
02.07.2008 which are a fraud, nullity the
suit is valued at Rs 200. The plaintiff
also undertakes to pay any further court

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 4 of 16

 fee which may be required to be paid on
actual partition of the property.”

4. IA No. 10367/2010 has been filed by defendant No.

1, seeking rejection of the plaint on the ground that the

plaintiff has not paid requisite Court fee.

5. Section 8 of the Suits Valuation Act, 1887 provides

that where other than those referred to in the Court-fees

Act, 1870 Section 7, paragraph v, vi and ix, and paragraph

x, clause (d), Court-fees are payable ad valorem under the

Court-fees Act, 1870, the value as determinable for the

computation of court-fees and the value for purposes of

jurisdiction shall be the same. Section 9 of the above-

referred Act provides that when the subject-matter of suits

of any class, other than suits mentioned in the Court-fees

Act, 1870, Section 7, paragraph v and vi, and paragraph x,

clause (d) is such that in the opinion of the High Court it

does not admit of being satisfactorily valued, the High Court

may with the previous sanction of the State Government,

direct that suits of that class shall, for the purposes of the

Court-fees Act, 1870, and of this Act and any other

enactment for the time being in force, be treated as if their

subject-matter were of such value as the High Court thinks

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 5 of 16

fit to specify in this behalf.

In exercise of powers conferred by Section 9 of

Suits Valuation Act, Punjab High Court made rules which

are applicable to Delhi.

Suits for partition of property—

Court-fee—(a) as determined by the Court-fees Act, 1870

Value—(b) For the purpose of the Suit Valuation Act, 1887,

and the Punjab Court Act, 1918 the value of the whole of

the property as determined by Sections 3, 8 and 9 of the

Suits Valuation Act, 1887.

6. It would thus be seen that in view of the rules

framed by Punjab High Court under Section 9 of Suits

Valuation Act, which admittedly are applicable to Delhi,

there can be separate valuations for the purpose of Court

fee and jurisdiction. The valuation for the purpose of

jurisdiction has to be the value of the whole of the

properties subject matter of partition, whereas valuation for

the purpose of Court fee would be such as is provided by

the Court-fees Act.

7. Section 7(iv)(b) of Court Fees Act, provides that in a

suit to enforce the right to share in any property on the

ground that it is a joint family property, the amount of fee

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 6 of 16

payable under Court-fee Act, shall be computed according

to the amount at which the relief sought is valued in the

plaint or memorandum of appeal. It further provides that in

all such suits the plaintiff shall state the amount at which

he values the relief sought by him. Article 17(vi) of Schedule

II of Court-fees Act provides for payment of a fixed Court fee

in a suit where it is not possible to estimate at a money

value the subject matter in dispute, and which is not

otherwise provided for by this Act.

8. In S. Rm. Ar. S. Sp. Sathappa Chettiar v. S. Rm.

Ar. Rm. Ramanathan Chettiar AIR 1958 SC 245, Supreme

Court, inter alia, read as under:

“If the scheme laid down for the

computation of fees payable in suits
covered by the several sub-sections of S.
7 is considered it would be clear that in
respect of suits falling under sub-section
(iv), a departure has been made and
liberty has been given to the plaintiff to
value his claim for the purposes of court-
fees. The theoretical basis of this
provision appears to be that in cases in
which the plaintiff is given the option to
value his claim, it is really difficult to
value the claim with any precision or
definiteness. Take for instance the claim
for partition where the plaintiff seeks to
enforce his right to share in any property
on the ground that it is joint family
property. The basis of the claim is that
the property in respect of which a share

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 7 of 16

 is claimed is joint family property. In
other words, it is property in which the
plaintiff has an undivided share. What
the plaintiff purports to do by making a
claim for partition is to ask the court to
give him certain specified properties
separately and absolutely on his own
account for his share in lieu of his
undivided share in the whole property.
Now it would be clear that the conversion
of the plaintiff's alleged undivided share
in the joint family property into his
separate share cannot be easily valued in
terms of rupees with any precision or
definiteness. That is why legislature has
left it to the option of the plaintiff to value
his claim for the payment of court-fees. It
really means that in suits falling under S.
7(iv)(b) the amount stated by the plaintiff
as the value of his claim for partition has
ordinarily to be accepted by the court in
computing the court-fees payable in
respect of the said relief. In the
circumstances of this case it is
unnecessary to consider whether, under
the provisions of this section, the plaintiff
has been given an absolute right or
option to place any valuation whatever on
his relief.”

9. In Neelavathi and Ors. v. N. Natarajan and

Others, AIR 1980 SC 691, which arose out of a suit for

partition, the plaintiff averred in the plaint that they were in

joint possession of the property along with the defendants.

The plaintiffs had valued their share of the property and

paid fixed court fee of Rs 200/- under Section 37(2) of Tamil

Nadu Court-Fee and Suits Valuation Act. It was contended

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 8 of 16

by the defendants in that suit that the plaintiff were not in

joint possession and, therefore, were required to pay ad

valorem Court fee at the market rate. The suit was

dismissed on the ground that ad valorem Court fee had not

been paid. Allowing the appeals, filed by the plaintiff,

Supreme Court held that the question of Court fee was to be

considered in the light of allegations made in the plaint and

decision of this issue cannot be influenced either by the plea

taken in the written statement or by final decision of the

suit on merits. In that case, the plaintiff had stated in the

plaint that the defendants had failed to give their share of

income and they could not remain in joint possession. It

was held that this averment would not mean that the

plaintiffs had been excluded from possession of the suit

property. During the Course of judgment, Supreme Court,

inter alia, observed as under:

“It will be seen that the Court-fee is

payable under Section 37(1) if the
plaintiff is 'excluded' from possession of
the property. The plaintiffs who are
sisters of the defendants, claimed to be
members of the joint family, and prayed
for partition alleging that they are in joint
possession. Under the proviso to Section
6 of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 (Act
30 of 1956) the plaintiffs being the
daughters of the male Hindu who died

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 9 of 16

 after the commencement of the Act
having at the time of the death an
interest in the mitakshara coparcenary
property, acquired an interest by
devolution under the Act. It is not in
dispute that the plaintiffs are entitled to a
share. The property to which the
plaintiffs are entitled is undivided joint
family property' though not in the strict
sense of the term. The general principle of
law is that in the case of co-owners, the
possession of one is law possession of all
unless ouster or exclusion is proved. To
continue to be in joint possession in law,
it is not necessary that the plaintiff
should be in actual possession of the
whole or part of the property. Equally it is
not necessary that he should be getting a
share or some income from the property.
So long as his right to a share and the
nature of the property as joint is not
disputed the law presumes that he is in
joint possession unless he is excluded
from such possession. Before the
plaintiffs could be called upon to pay
Court-fee under Section 37(1) of the Act
on the ground that they had been
excluded from possession, it is necessary
that on a reading of the plaint, there
should be a clear and specific averment
in the plaint that they had been
'excluded' from joint possession to which
they are entitled to in law.”

(emphasis supplied)

10. In Jagannath Amin vs. Seetharama (dead) by

Lrs. and Ors. 2007 (1) SCC 674, a suit for partition of

agricultural land was filed seeking its division into two equal

shares. The plaintiff had paid Court fee of Rs 200 under

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 10 of 16

Section 35(2) of Karnataka Court-fees and Suit Valuation

Act, 1958. The plaintiffs had also alleged to be in joint

possession of the suit property. During the course of the

judgment, Supreme Court, referred to the following

observation made by it in Commercial Aviation and Travel

Co. Vs. Vimla Panna Lal, AIR 1988 SC 1636:

“It is true that the Court did not consider

whether the plaintiff had been given an
absolute right or option to place any
valuation whatever on his relief under the
provision of Section 7(iv) of the Court-fees
Act, but the difficulty that would be felt
by the Court in exercising its power
under Order VII, Rule 11(b) of the Code of
Civil Procedure is that if it is unable to
determine the correct value of the relief, it
cannot direct the plaintiff to correct the
valuation. Order VII, Rule 11(b)
contemplates correct valuation and not
approximate correct valuation and such
correct valuation of the relief has to be
determined by the Court. If the Court
cannot determine the correct valuation of
the relief claimed, it cannot require the
plaintiff to correct the valuation and,
consequently. Order VII, Rule 11(b) will
not be applicable.”

11. The following legal proposition of law emerges from

the above-referred decisions:

(i) In order to ascertain whether the suit has been

property valued for the purpose of Court fee or not, only the

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 11 of 16

averments made in the plaint have to be seen, without

reference to the plea taken by the defendants;

(ii) If the plaintiff claims to be in joint possession of

the suit property, he has to pay a fixed Court fee in terms of

Article 17(vi) of Court-fees Act.

(iii) If the averments made in the plaint show that the

plaintiff has been completely ousted from possession and is

not in possession of any part of the suit property, he is

required to claim possession and also pay ad valorem Court

fee on the market value of his share in the suit property.

12. In the present case, the plaintiff has specifically

alleged that she is in exclusive possession of house No.

2/28, Roop Nagar, Delhi and in joint possession of certain

other parts of the aforesaid house. Thus, the plaintiff has

undisputedly claimed joint possession with respect to one of

the properties in respect of which partition has been sought

by her. In my view, in order to constitute joint possession, it

is not necessary that the plaintiff should claim to be in joint

possession of each of the properties in respect of which

partition is sought by him/her. If she claims to be in joint

possession of even one of the properties either wholly or

partly, that would be sufficient to bring the case within the

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 12 of 16

ambit of Article 7(iv) of Court-fees Act, because what is

relevant is joint possession of the estate in respect of which

partition is sought. The plaintiff is seeking partition not with

respect to any one property, but with respect to all the

properties which were owned by her late parents. If partition

is sought in respect of more than one property and one of

the co-owners possesses one property or a part of it and the

other co-owners possess the remaining properties, all of

them will be deemed to be in joint possession of the

properties subject matter of partition. In this regard, the

following observations made by this Court in Sudershan

Kumar Seth vs. Pawan Kumar Seth & Ors. 124 (2005) DLT

305:

“It is settled that in order to decide as to

what relief has been claimed by the
plaintiff, the whole of the plaint has to be
read. From the perusal of the plaint if it
can be inferred that the plaintiff is in
possession of the any of properties to be
partitioned, then the court fees shall be
payable under Article 17 (6) of Schedule II
of the Court fees Act i.e. fixed court fees at
the time of institution of the suit but if the
conclusion is that the plaintiff is not in
possession of any part of the properties
then the plaintiff has to pay Court fees
under section 7(iv)(b) of the Court fees Act
i.e. on the value of plaintiff's share.”

13. Moreover, in the case before this Court, there is no

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 13 of 16

averment in the plaint that the plaintiff has been ousted

from the possession of the other properties which were

owned by her parents. It is true that she has not specifically

averred that she is in joint possession of the other

properties, but, it is also equally true that she does not

claim or admit ouster from those properties. She being one

of the co-owners of the other properties is by fiction of law,

deemed to be in joint possession of those properties along

with other co-owners unless she pleads or admits complete

ouster from those properties. This view also confirms to the

observations made by Supreme Court in the case of

Neelavathi (supra) that the general principle of law is that

in case of co-owners, it is not necessary that the plaintiff

should be in actual possession of the property, the

possession of one co-owner is in law the possession of all

unless ouster or exclusion is proved and so long as his right

to share and the nature of the property as joint is not

disputed, the law presumes that he is in joint possession,

unless he is excluded from such possession.

14. The logic behind not insisting on payment of ad

valorem Court fee in a case of joint possession was

explained by Supreme Court in the case of Sathappa

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 14 of 16

Chettiar (supra) when the Court said that in such cases

what the plaintiff seeks by claiming partition is to ask the

Court to give certain specific properties to him for his

absolute and exclusive enjoyment, to the exclusion of other

co-owners of that property and, thereby what he is seeking

only a conversion of his undivided share into a separate

share. Moreover, as observed by Supreme Court in the case

of Jagannath Amin (supra), the Court needs to have exact

valuation before it, before it can reject the plaint under

Order VII Rule 11(d) of Code of Civil Procedure and that

determination cannot be made in such a case.

15. Therefore, there is no ground to reject the plaint,

as far as Court fee on the relief of partition is concerned.

During the course of arguments, the learned counsel for the

plaintiff fairly stated that as far as relief of cancellation of

sale deeds are concerned, the plaintiff would pay ad valorem

Court fee on the sale consideration, shown in the sale

deeds, executed in favour of defendants 7 and 8. Therefore,

the plea taken by the plaintiff with regard to inadequate

Court fee on the relief of cancellation of sale deeds does not

survive anymore. The plaintiff is directed to pay deficient

Court fee on the relief of cancellation of sale deeds within

CS(OS)No. 2642/2008 Page 15 of 16

two weeks.

The application stands disposed of accordingly.

(V.K. JAIN)
JUDGE
MARCH 04, 2011
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