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Unit-6 - Diet (Refer Textbook Topics: 7.1 TO 7.5, Page No: 92 - 101)
Unit-6 - Diet (Refer Textbook Topics: 7.1 TO 7.5, Page No: 92 - 101)
Importance: They provide instant energy and are the main source of energy.
a) Simple Carbohydrates (simple sugars): are made up of one or two units of glucose.
They are sweet to taste and dissolve in water. They are found in fruits, vegetables.
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Benedict’s test - To find the presence of sugar in food
Add 2-3 drops of Benedict’s solution to the sample and boil in water bath for 2-
3minutes.
If positive – sample changes Brick Red colour
If negative – Sample stays blue colour
FATS
Fats are biological molecules made of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. The basic unit
of fat consists of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. They do
not dissolve in water.
Importance: Fats are used to store energy for later use. When fat is broken
down in respiration it gives 37 kJ/g of energy. It also acts as an insulator
by keeping the body warm, helps in the formation of cell membranes.
Sources: Cheese, butter, ghee, oils, milk cream, red meat, etc.
Diseases: Too much fat in the diet causes obesity and heart diseases.
Test for Fats- Emulsion Test - To find the presence of fat in the food sample
Add few drops of food sample of distilled water, shake well and add 2-3 drops of
Ethanol, shake well.
If positive : food sample turns cloudy.
If negative: food sample doesn’t turns cloudy.
PROTEINS
Importance: They are used for growth and repair of damaged parts of the body like
tissues, muscles, hair, nails, etc. In the absence of fats and carbohydrates proteins are
used as a source of energy in the body. They give 16 kJ/g of energy.
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Test for Proteins: To find the presence of proteins in food sample
Vitamins and minerals are nutrients that are needed in very less amounts and help
chemical reaction take place in the cells. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the diet
causes specific symptoms (signs) called deficiency diseases. Water soluble vitamins
such as vitamin B and vitamin C are sensitive to heat and get destroyed on cooking.
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Too much of anything is not good:
Vitamins and Minerals can be harmful if consumed in large quantities.
Arctic explorers – were poisoned when they ate polar bear liver. It contains huge
quantities of Vitamin A.
Pregnant women – advised not to eat liver at all. Small amounts of Vitamin A help
Wheat is one of the world’s main cereal crops. Modern wheat plants have bigger
seeds, but they contain fewer vitamins and minerals than older crops.
Most bread and cereals are fortified to get more vitamins and minerals without
Rice is also another major crop. Natural rice does not contain much Vitamin A. To
These rice plants produce Vitamin A as scientists have added extra genes to the
A bowl of golden rice is enough of adult’s daily intake of Vitamin A, if scientists are
successful it could help stop millions of people going blind. But they are not
FIBRES (ROUGHAGE)
Fibres consist of cell walls of plant cells that cannot be digested (fibres are made of large
molecules that our body cannot digest). We need about 30g of fibre each day.
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WATER
About 70% of our body consists of water. Water is essential because all the chemical
Importance:
Deficiency: Causes dehydration, lack of energy, dry skin, chapped lips, headaches and
constipation.
BALANCED DIET
A diet that contains all the seven nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, roughage and water) in the right proportion is called balanced diet. Excess or
deficiency of any of these nutrients for a long time may lead to diseases such as scurvy
[Note: Malnutrition is lack of proper nutrition or unbalanced diet, caused by not having
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