Electrical Circuit Analysis II

CPE222
Lab #4

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Name Aitazaz Ahmad Qureshi

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Registration Number CIIT/FA19-BCE-050/ISB

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Class BCE-3A
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Instructor’s Name Dr. Abrar Ahmad

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In Lab:

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 Task-1:

Verify KCL and KVL

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Task-2:

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 Verify Thevenin Equivalent

(Open Circuit)

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Graph: VOC = V4 = 7.898 V| 19.3º

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(Short Circuit)

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Graph: ISC = IR5 = 28.37 mA | 14.4º

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Zth = VOC / ISC

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Zth = 7.898 / 0.02837 | 19.296 º – 14.4 º

Zth = 27.839 | 4.896
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Measurement Tables:

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 Name(s): Aitazaz Qureshi Reg. No: CIIT/FA19-BCE-050/ISB

Task-1:

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
Voltage 9.99954V 5.758V 5.069V 3.348V 2.448V 3.016V
Phase 0º 17.366 º 45.4 º 41.52 º 93.7 º 70.21 º

IR1 = (V1 – V2)/R1 = (9.99954 – 5.758)/100 = 0.0424 A

IR2 = (V2 – V3)/R2 = (5.758 – 5.069)/100 = 6.9 mA
IR3 = (V2 – V4)/R3 = (5.758 – 3.348)/100 = 0.0241 A

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IR4 = (V4 – V5)/R4 = (3.348 – 2.448)/100 = 9 mA

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IR5 = (V4 – V6)/R5 = (3.348 – 3.016)/100 = 3.32 mA

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IC1 = IR1 = 0.0424 A
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IC2 = IR4 = 9 mA
IC3 = IR5 = 3.32 mA
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VR1 = (V1 – V2) = 4.24 V

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VR2 = (V2 – V3) = 0.689 V

VR3 = (V2 – V4) = 2.41 V
VR4 = (V4 – V5) = 0.9 V
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VR5 = (V4 – V6) = 0.332 V

VC1 = V3 = 5.069 V
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VC2 = V5 = 2.448 V
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VC3 = V6 = 3.016 V
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Verification of KCL:

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 Node V2

The currents entering the node are = IR1

The current leaving the node are = IR2, IR3
Sum of all current entering the node = 0.0424 A
Sum of all current leaving the node = 6.9 mA + 0.0241 A = 0.031 A

Node V4
The currents entering the node are = IR3
The current leaving the node are = IR4, IR5
Sum of all current entering the node = 0.0241 A
Sum of all current leaving the node = 9 mA + 3.32 mA = 0.01232 A

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Node V6

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The currents entering the node are = IR5

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The current leaving the node are = IC3
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Sum of all current entering the node = 3.32 mA
Sum of all current leaving the node = 3.32 mA
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Verification of KVL:

Loop 1: V1 -> V2 -> V3 -> V1

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The voltage rise in the loop = V1

The voltage drop in the loop = VR1, VR2, VC1
Sum of all voltage rise = 9.99954 V
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Sum of all voltage drop = 4.24 + 0.689 + 5.069 = 9.998 V

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Loop 2: V2 -> V4 -> V5 -> V3 -> V2

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 The voltage rise in the loop = V2
The voltage drop in the loop = VR3, VR4, VC2
Sum of all voltage rise = 5.758
Sum of all voltage drop = 2.41 + 0.9 + 2.448 = 5.758 V

Loop 3: V4 -> V6 -> V5 -> V4

The voltage rise in the loop = V4

The voltage drop in the loop = VR5, VC3
Sum of all voltage rise = 3.348 V
Sum of all voltage drop = 0.332 + 3.016 = 3.348 V

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Loop 4: V1 -> V2 -> V4 -> V5 -> V1

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The voltage rise in the loop = V1

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The voltage drop in the loop = V2, V4, V5

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Sum of all voltage rise =
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Sum of all voltage drop = 5.758 +2.348 + 1.448 = 9.998 V

Loop 5: V2 -> V4 -> V6 -> V3 -> V2

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The voltage rise in the loop = V2

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The voltage drop in the loop = V4, V6

Sum of all voltage rise = 5.758 V
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Sum of all voltage drop = 3.348 + 3.016 = 6.364 V

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Loop 6: V1 -> V2 -> V4 -> V6 -> V1

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The voltage rise in the loop = V1

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The voltage drop in the loop = V2, V4, V6

Sum of all voltage rise = 9.99954 V
Sum of all voltage drop = 5.758 + 2.348 + 3.016 = 9.995 V
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Task-2:

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 VOC = 7.898 V

ISC = 28.37 mA

Zth = 27.839 | 4.896º

Post Lab:

(Answers)

Question#1:

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Changing the frequency will alter the reactance of the thevenin impedance and hence the

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voltage and current delivered to the load will be altered. However, the actual thevenin

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circuit will not change.
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Question#2:

KCL cannot be called as Law of Conservation of Energy but it can be called as Law of
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Conservation of Charge because current is conserved around a junction with no loss of

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current.

Question#3:
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Output of the circuit will remain the same after using thevenin equivalent voltage and
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impedance because thevenin voltage VTH and ZTH are the short form of circuits, we get by
solving a complex circuit.
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But if we introduce a load then output could be different.

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 Critical Analysis:

In this lab I have learned phasor analysis and also learned about KCL, KVL and Thevenin
Equivalent and their solution by phasor analysis.
In KCL sum of currents entering a node are equal to the sum of currents exiting the node.
In KVL the sum of all voltages at a node is equal to zero.
Then I also learned the method to find Open circuit voltage and short circuit current in
thevenin equivalents, and in the end I filled the tables with my readings from above
verifications.

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