BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

1402-6:2003
Incorporating
corrigendum no. 1

Unshaped refractory
products —
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Part 6: Measurement of physical

properties

The European Standard EN 1402-6:2003 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 81.080

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
 BS EN 1402-6:2003

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1402-6:2003. It

supersedes DD ENV 1402-6:1998 and BS 1902-7.6:1987 which are withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
RPI/1, Refractories.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
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This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Amendments issued since publication
Strategy Committee on
28 October 2003 Amd. No. Date Comments

17175 29 June 2007 Change to supersession details

Corrigendum No. 1
© BSI 2007

ISBN 978 0 580 50909 4

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1402-6
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2003

ICS 81.080 Supersedes ENV 1402-6:1998

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English version

Unshaped refractory products - Part 6: Measurement of physical

properties

Produits réfractaires non-façonnés - Partie 6: Ungeformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Teil 6: Bestimmung

Détermination des propriétés physiques der physikalischen Eigenschaften

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 June 2003.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1402-6:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

Contents
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page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5
3 Determination of geometric bulk density ....................................................................................................5
3.1 Principle ..........................................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Test pieces......................................................................................................................................................5
3.3 Apparatus .......................................................................................................................................................6
3.4 Procedure .......................................................................................................................................................6
3.4.1 Determination of the mass m of the test piece ...........................................................................................6
3.4.2 Determination of the volume, V, of the test piece ......................................................................................6
3.4.3 Calculation of geometric bulk density,ρg ....................................................................................................6
3.5 Calculation and expression of test results .................................................................................................6
4 Determination of density and porosity ........................................................................................................7
4.1 Principle ..........................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Test pieces......................................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Procedure .......................................................................................................................................................7
4.3.1 Determination of bulk density ......................................................................................................................7
4.3.2 Determination of true density .......................................................................................................................7
4.4 Calculation......................................................................................................................................................7
5 Determination of cold modulus of rupture..................................................................................................7
5.1 Principle ..........................................................................................................................................................7
5.2 Test pieces......................................................................................................................................................7
5.3 Apparatus and procedure .............................................................................................................................8
5.4 Test results .....................................................................................................................................................8
6 Determination of cold crushing strength ....................................................................................................8
6.1 Principle ..........................................................................................................................................................8
6.2 Test pieces......................................................................................................................................................8
6.2.1 General............................................................................................................................................................8
6.2.2 Prismatic test pieces .....................................................................................................................................8
6.2.3 Cubic test pieces............................................................................................................................................9
6.2.4 Cylindrical test pieces (for basic dense castables and basic ramming materials only) ........................9
6.3 Apparatus .......................................................................................................................................................9
6.4 Procedure .......................................................................................................................................................9
6.4.1 Dense materials..............................................................................................................................................9
6.4.2 Insulating materials .....................................................................................................................................11
6.5 Calculation and expression of results.......................................................................................................11
7 Determination of permanent linear change...............................................................................................11
7.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................11
7.2 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................11
7.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................11
7.3.1 Linear change on drying .............................................................................................................................11
7.3.2 Linear change on firing ...............................................................................................................................12
7.3.3 Total linear change ......................................................................................................................................12
7.4 Calculation....................................................................................................................................................12
7.4.1 Linear change on drying .............................................................................................................................12
7.4.2 Linear change on firing ...............................................................................................................................12
7.4.3 Total linear change ......................................................................................................................................12
8 Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures.............................................................12
8.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................12
2
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

8.2 Apparatus and procedure ...........................................................................................................................13

8.3 Calculation and expression of results.......................................................................................................13
9 Determination of refractoriness under load and creep in compression................................................13
9.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................13
9.2 Test pieces ...................................................................................................................................................13
9.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................13
9.4 Calculation and expression of test results ...............................................................................................13
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10 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................13

Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................15

3
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 1402-6:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 "Refractory products
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and materials", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
April 2004.

This document supersedes ENV 1402-6:1998.

EN 1402 “Unshaped refractory products“ consists of eight parts:

 Part 1: Introduction and classification

 Part 2: Sampling for testing

 Part 3: Characterization as received

 Part 4: Determination of consistency of castables

 Part 5: Preparation and treatment of test pieces

 Part 6: Measurement of physical properties

 Part 7: Tests on pre-formed shapes

 Part 8: Determination of complementary properties

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

4
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

1 Scope
This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of properties of unshaped materials
from test pieces prepared and stored according to EN 1402-5.
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The methods are applicable to dense and insulating castables and to ramming materials (including plastics) as
defined in EN 1402-1 before and after firing.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 993-1, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent
porosity and true porosity.

EN 993-2, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 2: Determination of true density.

EN 993-5, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength.

EN 993-6, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at
ambient temperature.

EN 993-7, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture at
elevated temperatures.

EN 993-8, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-
load.

EN 993-9, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 9: Determination of creep in compression.

EN 1094-5, Insulating refractory products - Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength.

EN 1402-5, Unshaped refractory products - Part 5: Preparation and treatment of test pieces.

3 Determination of geometric bulk density

3.1 Principle

This determination is carried out according to a geometric method. It can be applied to green, dried or fired test
pieces. The condition of the test pieces shall be stated in the test report.

3.2 Test pieces

The test piece shape shall be one of the following:

 shape A: Length: 230 mm; width: 114 mm; thickness: 64 mm, or

 shape B: Length: 230 mm; width: 64 mm; thickness: 54 mm, or

 shape C: Length: 230 mm; width: 64 mm; thickness: 64 mm

5
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

The test pieces shall be prepared and stored according to the relevant sections of EN 1402-5.

NOTE For basic castables and ramming materials, as an alternative to these shapes, cylindrical test pieces, of diameter
50 mm ± 1 mm and height 50 mm ± 1 mm can be used.

Three test pieces produced at the same time shall be tested.

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3.3 Apparatus

3.3.1 Balance, capable of measuring mass to the accuracy specified in 3.4.1.

3.3.2 Callipers, capable of measuring to the accuracy specified in 3.4.2.

3.4 Procedure

3.4.1 Determination of the mass m of the test piece

For the test pieces of shape A, B and C, determine the mass to the nearest 1 g.

For 50 mm cylinders, measure the mass to an accuracy of ± 0,1 g.

3.4.2 Determination of the volume, V, of the test piece

Determine the volume of the test piece by carrying out four measurements of each dimension along the centre line
of each face:

 for rectangular test pieces, on length, width and thickness;

 for cylindrical test pieces, on height and diameter.

All measurements shall be made to an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm.

3.4.3 Calculation of geometric bulk density,ρg

The geometric bulk density is given by:

ρg = m (1)
V
where

m is the mass of the test piece in grams;

V is the volume of the test piece obtained by calculation using the mean dimensions given in cubic
centimetres.

3.5 Calculation and expression of test results

Calculate the geometric bulk density either in g/cm³ to the nearest 0,01 g/cm³, or in kg/m³ to three significant
figures.

Report the test result as the mean of all determinations, including the mean value and all individual results in the
test report.

6
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

4 Determination of density and porosity

4.1 Principle

This determination is applied to fired test pieces.

4.2 Test pieces

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The test pieces shall be shapes A, B or C, prepared, stored and fired according to the relevant sections of
EN 1402-5 (see 3.2).

NOTE For basic castables and ramming materials, cylindrical test pieces can be used as an alternative to shapes A, B or C
(see 3.2).

4.3 Procedure

4.3.1 Determination of bulk density

4.3.1.1 Dense materials

Determine the bulk density, the apparent porosity and calculate the total porosity in accordance with EN 993-1.

NOTE In the presence of glazing, the firing skin should be removed.

4.3.1.2 Insulating materials

Determine the bulk density in accordance with clause 4 since it is not possible to use the water absorption method
with these materials.

4.3.2 Determination of true density

Determine the true density in accordance with EN 993-2, using a liquid which will not react with the material.

4.4 Calculation

The individual values and the mean value of the properties shall be given as test results.

Calculate the bulk density and the true density in g/cm³ to the nearest 0,01 g/cm³, or in kg/m³ to three significant
figures.

Calculate and report the open and total porosity in %, rounded to the nearest 0,1 %.

5 Determination of cold modulus of rupture

5.1 Principle

This determination is applied to dried or fired test pieces (shapes A, B or C).

5.2 Test pieces

Use test pieces as specified in 3.2 and with the following tolerances:

 width and height ± 0,5 mm;

 parallelism of cross-section sides ± 0,2 mm;

7
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

 parallelism of top and bottom sides ± 0,3 mm;

 distance between supports 180 mm ±1 mm;

 radius of curvature at the load bearing edges;

 bearing edges 15 mm ± 0,5 mm.

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Dry the test pieces at 110 °C ± 5 °C to constant mass and cool to room temperature, taking care to avoid moisture
pick-up. For unfired test pieces, the test shall be carried out immediately after drying and cooling, and for fired
pieces, within three days.

5.3 Apparatus and procedure

Use the apparatus and procedure as specified in EN 993-6 with the following rates of increase of stress:

 dense products 0,15 MPa/s ± 0,015 MPa/s

 insulating products 0,05 MPa/s ± 0,005 MPa/s

Apply the stress perpendicular to the direction of fabrication.

5.4 Test results

Calculate the cold modulus of rupture in MPa rounded to the nearest 0,1 MPa.

6 Determination of cold crushing strength

6.1 Principle

This determination is applied to dried or fired test pieces.

6.2 Test pieces

6.2.1 General

The preparation, size and dimensions of the test pieces shall be agreed between parties and noted in the test
report.

NOTE The determination of cold crushing strength can be carried out on test pieces of three different sizes. The results
obtained from these test pieces can differ.

Dry the test pieces at 110 °C ± 5 °C to constant mass and cool to room temperature, taking care to avoid moisture
pick-up. For unfired test pieces, the test shall be carried out immediately after drying and cooling, and for fired
pieces, within three days.

Apply the stress perpendicular to the direction of fabrication.

6.2.2 Prismatic test pieces

Use broken halves produced from the cold modulus of rupture test (see clause 6), without sawing or grinding the
test pieces.

NOTE The use of this size is more suitable for quality control applications.

8
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

6.2.3 Cubic test pieces

Prepare three test pieces from shape C by sawing cubes of 64 mm ± 0,5 mm in edge length.

For testing after drying the test pieces shall be sawn and trued after curing and before drying at 110 °C.

NOTE 1 If sawing could damage the test piece, then sawing should be performed after drying at 110 °C. The test piece
should then be dried again immediately after sawing.
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For testing after firing, the test pieces shall be sawn and trued after firing.

NOTE 2 Cubes should not be sawn from broken halves obtained from the cold modulus of rupture test.

6.2.4 Cylindrical test pieces (for basic dense castables and basic ramming materials only)

Prepare three test pieces of height 50 mm ± 0,5 mm and 50 mm ± 0,5 mm in diameter, from shapes A, B or C, by
sawing, coring and truing or directly produced by ramming.

6.3 Apparatus

Use the apparatus specified in EN 993-5 for dense unshaped materials and specified in EN 1094-5 for insulating
unshaped materials.

6.4 Procedure

6.4.1 Dense materials

For tests utilizing broken halves (see 6.2.2), place the test pieces in the ancillary adapter (see Figure 1) so that the
64 mm edge (shapes A and C) or the 54 mm edge (shape B) is vertical.

Place the 114 mm edge (shape A), or the 64 mm edges (shapes B and C) central to, and flush with the 120 mm
edge of the lower plate. The free edges of the press plate shall be symmetrical (see Figure 1).

For tests with cubic or cylindrical test pieces take care that the loading surface is prepared according to the
procedure described in 6.2.3 or 6.2.4.

For both cases apply the stress smoothly and continuously at a rate of 1,0 MPa/s ± 0,1 MPa/s until the test piece
fails.

Record the maximum load indicated.

9
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

114
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64

65
120

a)

64
54

65

b)

64
64

65

120

c)

Figure 1 — Position of the broken halves of the test pieces on the lower platen
10
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

6.4.2 Insulating materials

Prepare test pieces from shape A of dimensions 114 mm × 114 mm × 64 mm and test in accordance with
EN 1094-5.

NOTE The cold crushing strength is calculated from the maximum force recorded when the test piece collapses or when its
height is reduced to 90 % of its original value, the stress being increased at the prescribed rate.
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6.5 Calculation and expression of results

Calculate the cold crushing strength,
, in accordance with EN 993-5 using the equation:

Fmax
σ =
A0

where

Fmax is the maximum loads recorded, in Newtons;

and

for tests with the broken halves of test pieces (see 7.2.2), Ao is given by the 65 mm edge of the platen and
the width of the test piece concerned (114 mm or 64 mm)

or

for tests with other types of test pieces, Ao is the mean initial cross-sectional area of the test piece over
which the load is applied.

Express the cold crushing strength in MPa to the nearest 0,5 MPa.

Include the procedure used in the test report.

7 Determination of permanent linear change

7.1 Principle

Use test pieces as given in the relevant clauses of EN 1402-5 (see 4.2), the measurement being done on the
length.

7.2 Apparatus

Use apparatus capable of measuring test piece length to the nearest 0,1 mm.

7.3 Procedure

7.3.1 Linear change on drying

Determine the length of the test pieces, L0, after dismantling the mould and then immediately after drying and
cooling to room temperature, L1.

The measurement is made from impression of shrinkage marks or by use of a dial calliper gauge. The shrinkage
marks for use as reference points may be made immediately after forming as a substitute to length measurement
provided they have a minimum distance of 200 mm from each other and are clearly visible after firing at the test
temperature.

11
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

The means of making the measurement shall be noted in the test report.

7.3.2 Linear change on firing

Determine the length of the test pieces after drying, L1, and after firing, Lt, observing the firing conditions given in
the relevant sections of EN 1402-5.
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7.3.3 Total linear change

Determine the length of the test pieces after dismantling the mould, L0, and after firing (Lt) observing the conditions
given in the relevant sections of EN 1402-5.

7.4 Calculation

7.4.1 Linear change on drying

Calculate the linear change on drying, Ld in %, using the equation:

-
Ld = L1 L0 ⋅ 100
L0
where

Lt is the length of the test piece after cooling to room temperature (see 7.3.1);

L0 is the length of the test piece after dismanting the mould (see 7.3.1).

Report the result to the nearest 0,1 %.

7.4.2 Linear change on firing

Calculate the linear change on firing, Lf in %, using the equation:

-
Lf = L t L1 ⋅ 100
L1
where

L1 is the length of the test piece after firing (see 7.3.2).

Report the result to the nearest 0,1 %.

7.4.3 Total linear change

Calculate the total linear change, Lc in %, using the equation:

-
Lc = L t Lo ⋅ 100
Lo

Report the result to the nearest 0,1 %.

8 Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures

8.1 Principle

Use test pieces with shape and size in accordance with EN 993-7 taken from shape A or B or C by sawing and
truing up and prepared, stored and fired in accordance with the relevant clauses of EN 1402-5.
12
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

Cut each test piece from the shape so that the upper longitudinal face of the test piece in the testing position (i.e.
the face subject to a compressive stress) coincides with or is parallel to one of the original faces of the shape (face
perpendicular to the direction of moulding or pressing).

No other longitudinal face of the test piece shall be the original face of the shape.

NOTE When it is not possible to take test pieces from shape A or B or C, they can be directly prepared and this fact should
be noted in the test report. In this case, they lead to different results.
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Dry the test pieces at 110 °C ± 5 °C for a minimum of 24 h.

8.2 Apparatus and procedure

Use the apparatus and procedure for the determination of the modulus of rupture as specified in EN 993-7.

8.3 Calculation and expression of results

Calculate and express the modulus of rupture,
f, in MPa as given in EN 993-7.

9 Determination of refractoriness under load and creep in compression

9.1 Principle

These determinations may be carried out on test pieces after drying or after firing at a temperature to be agreed
between the parties. This shall be noted in the test report.

9.2 Test pieces

Use cylindrical test pieces, in accordance with EN 993-8 or EN 993-9, taken from shapes A or B or C by sawing,
coring and truing up and prepared, stored, dried or fired according to the relevant sections of EN 1402-5.

Dry the test pieces at 110 °C ± 5 °C for a minimum of 24 h.

NOTE If the test pieces, due to the nature of the material, cannot be taken by sawing, coring and truing up, they can be
prepared directly and this fact should be noted in the test report (see 6.2.3).

9.3 Procedure

Determine the refractoriness under load in accordance with EN 993-8 and the creep in compression in accordance
with EN 993-9.

In the case of creep in compression, the temperature and duration of the test shall be the subject of agreement
between the parties.

9.4 Calculation and expression of test results

Calculate and express the results given in EN 993-8 for refractoriness under load and in EN 993-9 for creep in
compression.

10 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following information:

The test report shall include at least the following information:

a) all information necessary for identification of the sample tested, including description of the material
tested, type, group, etc;
13
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

b) a reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 1402-6;

c) a description of the preparation, size and dimension of the test piece, including any deviations from
the test piece preparation given in EN 1402-5;

d) the methods used, including details of the firing conditions, i.e:

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1) firing temperature;

2) soak period;

3) firing atmosphere.

e) the results of the test, including the results of the individual determinations and their mean, calculated
as specified in clauses 3 to 9;

f) the name of test laboratory including the place and date of preparation and treatment, report
identification and signatory;

g) any deviations from the procedure specified;

h) any unusual features (anomalies) observed during the test;

a) the date of the test.

14
 EN 1402-6:2003 (E)

Bibliography

EN 1094-4, Insulating refractory products - Part 4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity.

EN 1094-6, Insulating refractory products - Part 6: Determination of permanent lchange in dimensions of shaped
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products on heating (ISO 2477:1987 modified).

EN 1402-1, Unshaped refractory products - Part 1: Terminology and classification.

15
 BS EN
1402-6:2003
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