PHYSIOLOGICAL

EFFECT OF THE
ELECTRICITY
PROTECTION OF PEOPLE

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 Definitions

Internal impedance of the human body (Zi): Impedance between two

electrodes in contact with two parts of the human body, after removing
the skin from under the electrodes.

Impedance of the skin (Zp): Impedance between an electrode on the

skin and the conductive tissues underneath.

Total impedance of the human body (ZT): Vectorial sum of the

internal impedance and the impedances of the skin.

Initial resistance of the human body (Ri): Resistance limiting the

peak value of the current at the moment when the touch voltage occurs.
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 Definitions

Threshold of perception: The minimum value of current which causes

any sensation for the person through which it is flowing.

Threshold of let-go: The maximum value of current at which a person

holding electrodes can let go of the electrodes.

Threshold of ventricular fibrillation: The minimum value of current

which causes ventricular fibrillation.

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Main causes of Electric choc

Main causes are:

• Operating mode inappropriate or dangerous (31%),

• Lack of awareness of risks (30%),
• Incomplete application procedures (15%),
• Inadequate training (12%),
• The state of the material (12%),
• Soil conditions (11%)Type de contact

In average, 75 % of the Electric shock is from indirect contact, 20 %

from direct contact. Statistic shows that:

• 1/3 of lesions are in multiple places.

• Eyes, arms, hands are the most affected
• 60% of lesions are burns,
• 6 % of lesions are internal.

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Main causes of Electric choc

Seriousness factors

The level of injuries caused by the electric current is due to a

combination of several factors:

• The intensity of the current flowing through the human body,

• source of electrical energy (voltage, power) and the environment
(insulating or highly conductive)
• The duration of current flow through the human body,
• The surface area of contact,
• The particular susceptibility of the person subjected to the action of
electric current.

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Value of the initial resistance of the human body (Ri)

Touch Values for the total body impedance (Ω) that

Voltage (V) are not exceeded for a percentage of
(population)
5% 50% 95%

25 1750 3250 6100

50 1450 2625 4375
75 1250 2200 3500
100 1200 1875 3200
220 1000 1350 2125
700 750 1100 1550
1000 700 1050 1500

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Current through the body and effects

In AC

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 In DC

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Direct – Indirect contact

Direct Contact Indirect Contact

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First aid

First actions

• Call your local emergency number immediately if any of these

signs or symptoms occurs:
• Cardiac arrest
• Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
• Respiratory failure
• Muscle pain and contractions
• Burns
• Seizures
• Numbness and tingling
• Unconsciousness

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While waiting for medical help, follow these steps:

• Look first. Don't touch. The person may still be in contact with the
electrical source. Touching the person may pass the current
through you.

• Turn off the source of electricity, if possible. If not, move the source
away from you and the person, using a dry, no-conducting object
made of cardboard, plastic or wood.
• Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement). If
absent, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately.

• Prevent shock. Lay the person down and, if possible, position the
head slightly lower than the trunk with the legs elevated.

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Caution

• Don't touch the person with your bare hands if he or she is still in
contact with the electrical current.

• Don't get near high-voltage wires until the power is turned off. Stay at
least 20 feet away — farther if wires are jumping and sparking.

• Don't move a person with an electrical injury unless the person is in

immediate danger.

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 THANK YOU

Ressources:

Schneider “ Cahier technique”: CT 172

Electrical Installation Wiki: http://www.electrical-installation.org/

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