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(Presented by Prof. VG Patel) 1

 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Heart is an universal pump,

works round the clock, pumps
blood into body without any
stoppage.
From birth to death, heart
function is NON-STOP.

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ELECTRICAL SHOCK

In one minute, heart beats for 72

times.
In one hour, 72 x 60 = 4320 times.
In 24 hour, 72 x 60 x 24 = 103680
times.
Taking Heart Beats as 70,
Heart Beats ---- 1 lakhs in 24 Hrs.

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ELECTRICAL SHOCK
In one beat, heart pumps approx. 250 mL to
300 mL of blood.
In one Minute, heart pumps ૩૦0 x 70 =21000
mL = 21 Liters of Blood.
In one Hour, heart pumps 21 x 60 = 1260 Liters
of Blood.
In 24 Hour, heart pumps 1260 x 24 = 30240
Liters of Blood.
OR
0.3 Liter x 100000 Beats = 30000 Liters of
Blood in 24 Hrs.
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Considering human average life as 76 years
(previously it was considered as 67 years),
Blood circulation for healthy human-being in
life span is 30000 x 365 x 76 = 832200000 Lit.
Say 83.22 Crore Liters.
Just for analysis, we can say that number of
Heart Beats per Minute is equivalent to 1.19
times Crore Liters of Blood circulation in body
in life span of 76 years.
70 Heart Beats per minute 83.22 Crore Lit.
of Blood circulation in a life span of 76 years.
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70 Heart Beats per minute

83.22 Crore Liters of Blood

circulation in a life span of 76
years.
OR
Heart circulates1.1 Crore Liters of
blood in human body in one year.
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 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SHOCK

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 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL INJURIES
Electrical Shock:
Flow of electrical current through human body is the
cause of electrical shock. Voltage, resistance of the
body to electricity and duration of current flow are
important. Alternating current (A.C) causes involun-
tary grip which prolongs time of contact and
therefore is more dangerous. On receiving an
electrical shock, the electrical current flows through
nerves, muscles causing disturbance in their normal
functions. If its path is through the heart, the incident
can be fatal.

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ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Effect of electrical current on the human body:
Leakage
Effect on human system
Current
1 t0 8 mA Perceptible but not painful.
2 to 15 mA Sensation Pain, Muscular control is not lost.
15 to 20 mA Sever Pain, Muscular control of adjacent muscle
lost cannot let go.
20 to 50 mA Sever muscular contraction.Breathing difficult.
50 to 100 mA Ventricular fibrillation a heart-vain to heart
condition that results in instant possible death.
200 mA Sever burns. Muscular contraction so sever that
and above chest muscles clamp down the heart and stop it
during duration of shock. This prevents
Ventricular fibrillation that result in certain death.
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ELECTRICAL INJURIES
Electrocution
Very small currents can be imperceptible. Larger
current passing through the body may make it
impossible for a shock victim to let go of an
energized object. Still larger currents can cause
fibrillation of the heart and damage to tissues.
Death caused by an electric shock is called
ELECTROCUTION.
Electrocution is a FATAL electrical injury.

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ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Severity of the Shock depends on:

Magnitude of Current (Determined by
voltage and resistance to flow) and
Voltage (AC or DC)
Path through body
Duration of current flowing thro’ body
Other factors such as general health
and individual differences.

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ELECTRICAL SHOCK
PLEASE REMEMBER…..
It is not the voltage but the current that kills.
People have been killed by 100 volts AC in the
home and with as little as 42 volts DC. The real
measure of a shock's intensity lies in the
amount of current (in milliamperes) forced
through the body. Any electrical device used
on a house wiring circuit can, under certain
conditions, transmit a fatal amount of current.
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ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Electrical current is the flow of
electrons through a conductor.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER
Electricity is a convenient source of energy but
should not be taken for granted.
It has a current that can be measured and if not
respected can kill.
The human body has the ability to conduct electricity
and serves as the conducting object when an
individual touches a live circuit.
Most of electrical safety, and for that matter fire
safety, involves common sense and an ability to keep
your eyes open for hazards in the work place.

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A woman’s body is more susceptible to
electric current and the same effects may
be produced with @ 60% the current
required in a man.
AC or DC, which one is more dangerous?
AC can cause the heart to fibrillate and stop
beating effectively. That's why, in general
AC is @ 3 times dangerous than DC.

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 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Deliberate
uses
of
electric
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ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Medical uses
Electric shock is also used as a medical therapy, under carefully
controlled conditions:
Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT is a psychiatric therapy for mental
illness. The objective of the therapy is to induce a seizure for therapeutic
effect. There is no sensation of shock because the patient is
anesthetized. The therapy was originally conceived of after it was
observed that depressed patients who also suffered from epilepsy
experienced some remission after a spontaneous seizure. The first
attempts at deliberately inducing seizure as therapy used not electricity
but chemicals; however electricity provided finer control for delivering
the minimum stimulus needed. Ideally some other method of inducing
seizure would be used, as the electricity may be associated with some of
the negative side effects of ECT including amnesia. ECT is generally
administered three times a week for about 8-12 treatments.
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ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Medical therapy
•As a treatment for fibrillation or irregular heart rhythms,
using what is called a defibrillator.
•As a method of pain relief, using what is called a
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (or a TENS unit).
•Torture
Electric shocks have been used as a method of torture, since
the received voltage and amperage can be controlled with
precision and used to cause pain while avoiding obvious
evidence on the victim's body. Such torture usually uses
electrodes attached to parts of the victim's body.

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ELECTRICAL INJURIES

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ELECTRICAL INJURIES

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FIRST AID AND ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
In case of an injury due to
electric shock, give the
victim artificial respiration /
Resuscitation (CPR) and
immediately call for a doctor.
Don't crowd around the
victim; one needs fresh air.
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FIRST AID AND ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
SHAFFER METHOD:

SYLVESTER METHOD:

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FIRST AID AND ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS – ARC FLASH EFFECT

◼ Severe burns
◼ Broken bones
◼ Vision damage
◼ Hearing loss
◼ Brain/internal injuries
◼ Punctures and lacerations
◼ Death

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electrical Burns
◼ The most common shock related, nonfatal injury
is a burn.
◼ Burns caused by electricity may be of three types:
◼ Electrical burns
◼ Arc burns
◼ Thermal contact burns
◼ Electrical burns need to be given immediate
medical attention.

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electrical Burns
Second-degree burn after a high tension line accident:
Heating due to resistance can cause extensive and
deep burns. Voltage levels of 500 to 1000 volts tend to
cause internal burns due to the large energy (which is
proportional to the duration multiplied by the square of
the voltage divided by resistance) available from the
source. Damage due to current is through tissue
heating. For most cases of high-energy electrical
trauma, the Joule heating in the deeper tissues along
the extremity will reach damaging temperatures in a
few seconds.
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 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Burns
Burns are caused due to electric flashes.
They are generally deep and slow to
heal. These flashes are caused due to
coming within flashing distance of a bare
conductor under high voltage on the due
to heavy short circuit or opening of
isolator carrying heavy load current
accidentally etc. direct contact electric
burns are also possible.
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 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Burns

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Burns

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Burns

Second-degree burn after a high tension line accident

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Burns

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical Burns

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SLOGANS

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SAFETY NEVER
ENDS

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OPEN FORUM
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IF YOU HAVE NO QUESTION,

I HAVE SOMETHING TO SAY

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Engineer ki jai ho !! Pakka engineer:
External examiner to an engineering student:
Why does a capacitor blocks DC, but allows AC to pass through?
Student: Sir, it is really very simple, if we give a nice look to a symbol of a
capacitor;

DC comes straight like this, so capacitor stops it.

But AC goes UP-DOWN UP-DOWN like this and jump over the capacitor !!

External Examiner: After 30 years of experience …..

today I understood the concept of capacitor !!!!!!!!!
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THANQ

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