PRACTICE TEST 19

SECTION I: LISTENING
Part 1. Complete the form below. Write no more than one word or a
number for each answer.
( 10 points)
PAN ASIAN AIRWAYS
LOST PROPERTY REPORT FORM
Example
Answer
First Name
Kristy

Surname Allen
Address (1) ________________________ Windham
Road
Richmond
Postcode (2) ________________________
Home tel. 020 8927 7651
Mobile (3) ________________________
tel.
Flight (4) ________________________
Number
Seat (5) ________________________
Number
From New York
 To London Heathrow

Part 2. You will hear part of a tutorial between two students and
their tutor. The students are doing a research project on computer
use. Listen to the conversation carefully and choose the correct
answer A, B or C for each question. (10 points)
1. Sami and Irene decided to do a survey about access to computer
facilities because ___________
A. no one had investigated this before.
B. their tutor suggested this topic.
C. this was a problem for many students.
2. Sami and Irene had problems with the reading for their project
because ___________
A. the language was too technical.
B. not much had been written about the topic.
C. they could not locate the books in the library.
3. How did Sami and Irene get the main data in their survey?
A. From face-to-face interviews
B. From observation of students
C. From online questionnaires
4. The tutor suggests that one problem with the survey was
limitations in ___________
A. the range of students questioned.
B. the number of students involved.
C. the places where the questions were asked.
5. What proportion of students surveyed thought that a booking
system would be the best solution?
 A. 45% B. 65% C. 77%

Part 3. Listen to the extract of a television travel programme, and

then decide whether each of the following statements is true or
false. (10 points)
1. Bhutan is a republic in the Himalayas.
T/F
2. French passport holders must get a visa for Guatemala from
their own consulate. T/F
3. A new limit of seven days will be imposed on tourist visas to
visit Burma. T/F
4. At the moment, the only place you can obtain a visa to visit
Burma is in Bangkok. T/F
5. Not all resorts on the Costa del Sol will be offering
reductions for children next year. T/F
Part 4. You will hear a radio report about a new type of air
transport. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Write no
more than three words and/or a number. ( 20 points)
1. It will take 37 hours for the new form of transport to travel
from London to  (1) _____________
2. Unlike crowded jets, the Aircruise will allow passengers to
travel in (2) ________________
3. The Aircruise can travel at low altitudes if there is something
(3) ________________
4. Hydrogen fuels the airship and also provides (4)
________________for the people on board.
5. The Hindenburg airship disaster killed (5)
________________people.
6. Scientists are keen to develop transport options which are
both (6) ________________ and environmentally friendly.
7. The Aircruise will carry a total of (7) ________________
passengers.
8. The luxury features on board include private apartments, a bar
and a (8) ________________
9. Compared to airports, the Aircruise has the potential to land
closer to (9) ________________
10. The concept is getting a lot of attention from a Korean company
which makes (10) _________

SECTION II: LEXICO & GRAMMAR

Part 1. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
1. I didn’t see the whole occurrence. I just managed to catch
a .................... of it.
 A. glimpse B. look C. sight D. view
2. I suggested .................... to this letter as soon as
possible.
A. Mark to reply B. to Mark replying C. that Mark
reply D. replying by Mark
3. You can’t expect to win the competition. Your drawings
are ....................
near as professional as the other painters’ ones.
A. never B. nothing C. nowhere D. nobody
4. Raul and I ....................responsibility for the project.
That’s why we cooperate so closely.
A. combine B. divide C. share D. associate
5. You may use the facilities freely. They are all at
your ....................
A. disposition B. dispossession C. display D.
disposal
6. The more make-up she puts on, ....................
 A. she looks less attractive B. less attractive does she
look
C. the less attractive she looks D. the less she looks
attractive
7. .................... return home so quickly, we’d have seen the
rest of the performance.
A. If we didn’t have to B. Not having had to
C. Had we not to D. Had we not had to
8. It’s been announced that the officer will ....................
trial for leaking secret data to the enemy’s intelligence.
A. walk B. sit C. lie D. stand
9. The passengers were asked to put on life belts for
the .................... of their safety.
A. risk B. sake C. care D. point
10. A number of scientists and nature lovers
have .................... to performing experiments on animals.
 A. refused B. disagreed C. objected D.
protested
11. Let’s send an order. We’re running .................... of
our medicines supplies.
A. small B. tiny C. short D. low
12. Rather than .................... I would do it myself.
A. having the job to be done by someone B. to have done
the job by someone
 C. have the job done by someone D. I have to do the
job by someone
13. ....................was the best thing that could happen to
me.
A. Having awarded me the prize B. Being awarded to
the prize
C. Being awarding the prize D. To have been awarded the
prize
14. Don’t be afraid to .................... your mind whenever
you have something important to say.
A. express B. speak C. tell D. pronounce
15. The rock band played their greatest hits at their
fans’ ....................
A. demand B. request C. enquiry D. order
16. Because we live within easy .................... of the city
centre, we don’t have to travel to school by bus.
A. range B. distance C. access D. reach
17. No matter ...................., Betty wouldn’t listen to him.
A. how hardly did Tom try to explain B. as how hard Tom tried
explaining
C. if Tom tried to explain hardly D. how hard Tom tried to
explain
18. Stop pulling .................... over my eyes. Tell me the
truth.
A. wool B. cotton C. suede D. threads
19. It was hard to make head or .................... of what the
man was talking about.
A. neck B. back C. nose D tail
20. I remember .................... again.
A. your promising never to smoke B. you to promise to never
smoke
C. that you promised never smoking D. you promise to not ever
smoke.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined part in each of the following questions.
1. The politician’s conviction for tax fraud jeopardized his
future in public life.
A. rejuvenated B. penalized C. jettisoned D.
endangered
2. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are
appropriate.
 A. situation B. attention C. place D. matter

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in
each of the following questions.
3. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be
available all hours.
A. an active society B. an inactive society C. a physical
society D. a working society
 4. My first impression of her was her impassive face
A. emotional B. respectful C. solid
D. fractious

Part 2: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the

mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered
boxes.
Human memory happens in many parts of the brain in Line 1
once, and some types of memories stick around longer Line 2
than other. It was formally believed to be rather Line 3
inefficient, however, it is really more Line 4
sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers Line 5
approached the problem from a variety of point Line 6
(points) of view have all concluded that there is a Line 7
great deal more store (stored) in our minds than has Line 8
been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Line 9
Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating Line
their brains electrically he could elicit the total 10
recall of specific events in his subjects’ life. Line
The memory trace is the term for whatever is the 11
internal representation of the specific information Line
about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to 12
have been done (made) by structural changes in the Line
brain, the memory trace is not subject for (to) 13
direct observation but is rather a theoretical Line
construct that we use to speculate about how 14
information presented (is presented) at a later Line
time. Almost theories include the strength of the 15
memory trace as a variable in the degree (degrees)
of learning, retention, and retrieval possible for a
memory. One theory is that it is the result of an
limited (unlimited) combination of interconnections
between brain information that support (supports)
recall. Or, to put it other (another) way, improved
performance is the result of strengthening the
 chemical bond (bonds) in the memory.
Stick around: stay swh for a period of time

SECTION III. READING

Part 1. Read the following passage and choose the words that best
complete the sentences.
Romania’s name itself suggests what makes it different from
its  neighbours. The connection is with the Imperial Rome and
coming from that is the language which sounds like Italian. The
country is about the (1)_________ of Great Britain and has a
population of 23 million, of whom ninety percent are Romanians.
The scenery is (2) _________: mountainous areas with  summer and
winter resorts, a  marvellous stretch of the Danube as it descends
towards the Iron Gates, not to mention castles, palaces and
monasteries with  impressive frescoes. There are also historic
towns from the 13th of century, Black Sea beach resorts and the
astonishing bird-life of the (3)_________ Danube delta (đồng bằng).
And if this is not enough, there are no (4) _________ than 160 spas
offering cures for nearly every illness (5)_________ to man.
1. A. size B. area C. proportion D. extent
2. A. Different B. various C. varied D.
diverse
3. A. tremendous B. vast C. huge D. gigantic
4. A. better B. less C. more D. fewer
5. A. belonging B. familiar C. known D. accustomed
Romania is perhaps most famous abroad for being the home of Dracula
the famous creation of the Irish writer,  Bram Stoker. However,
while the story is (6)_________, the character is based on a
Romanian prince called Vlad Dracula (son of Dracul) or Tepes (the
Impaler) because of such  cruelty (7) _________ his enemies. On one
occasion he is supposed to have sat down to a meal to enjoy the
spectacle of some prisoners (8)_________ their arms and legs
cut  off. He asked for their blood to be collected and brought to
him as a dip for his bread.
So, when you visit Romania you may like to visit Bran Castle which
was built in 1377 and is the castle most (9)_________ identified
with Dracula. But, if you do, don’t forget how much (10)_________
there is to see in Romania.
6. A. false B. fiction C. fake D.
unauthentic
7. A. regarding B. with C. for D. towards
8. A. when B. while C. having D. with
9. A. tightly B. closely C. nearly D. strictly
10. A. else B. more C. remaining D. left

PART 2. Fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE

suitable word and write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided.
There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of
today. Such is the pressure 1. ______ on many school-goers to
achieve academic excellence by their parents 2. ______ these
unrealistic expectations are causing children to become hopelessly
depressed. Indeed, some, in their desperation (tuyệt vọng) to 3.
______ and their sense of guilt at being unable to reach the
levels of success demanded of them by their pushy parents, 4.
______ rebel in what is tantamount to a cry for help, or, worse
still, engage in self-harm. It is 5. ______ coincidence that
suicide rates, especially amongst young males, have been rising
steadily for some time now. These are tough times to be a teen.
1. Heaped
2. That
 3. Escape
4. Either
5. no
Then there are those who get 6. ______ on the internet; the virtual
world becomes their reality. For these teens, their
social/friendship circle shrinks dramatically until, at last, their
social/friendship sphere is limited solely 7. ______ their online
buddies. Not alone do they commonly suffer from sleep deprivation
on 8. ______ of their destructive addiction to game play and net-
surfing, their behaviour may become so erratic and peculiar over
time as to be considered antisocial. And while they sit at their
computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real
world, 9. ______ is the lack of exercise they get that their
calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for them to maintain a
stable weight. In 10. ______, due to their sedentary lifestyle,
their weight skyrockets until such time as they become morbidly
obese.
6. Hooked
 7. To
8. Account
9. such
10.________________________________essence
- in essence: vềbản chất

Part 3: Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

The Museum of Failed Products
Our business editor paid a visit to the graveyard of good ideas
 - shattered dreams: giấc mơ tan vỡ
In an unremarkable business park outside the city of Ann Arbor
in Michigan stands a poignant memorial to humanity’s shattered
dreams. It doesn’t look like that from the outside, though. Even
when you get inside, it takes a few moments for your eyes to get
used to what you’re seeing. It appears to be a vast and
haphazardly organized supermarket; along every aisle, grey metal
shelves are crammed with thousands of packages of food and
household products. There is something unusually cacophonous about
the displays and soon enough you work out the reason: unlike in a
real supermarket, there is only one of each item.
1. According to the writer, what is the reason why the storehouse
does not resemble a supermarket?
A. its appearance on the outside B. the dimly-lit space
C. the size of the building D. the range of
products on each shelf
2. The word “haphazardly” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
_____________.
A. logically B. randomly C. greedily D.
roughly
3. What is the writer’s main purpose in paragraph 2?
A. to provide an idea of what the museum contains
B. to give reasons why these products were rejected by
consumers
C. to explain how obvious it was that self-heating cans failed
D. to illustrate how the museum is organized and operated
The storehouse, operated by a company called GfK Custom
Research North America, has acquired a nickname: the Museum of
Failed Products. This is consumer capitalism’s graveyard or, to
put it less grandly, it’s almost certainly the only place on the
planet where you’ll find A Touch of Yogurt shampoo alongside the
equally unpopular For Oily Hair Only. The museum is home to
discontinued brands of caffeinated beer and self-heating soup cans
that had a regrettable tendency to explode in customers’ faces.
4. What is Carol Sherry’s attitude to the failed products?
A. She feels particularly attached to some products.
B. She has sympathy for the people inventing them.
C. She prefers failed products to successful ones.
 D. She appreciates the concepts behind the products.
5. The word “fleeting” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
_____________.
A. intractable B. durable C. selective
D. brief (ngắn gọn)
There is a Japanese term, mono no aware, that translates
roughly as “the pathos of things”. It captures a kind of
bittersweet melancholy at life’s impermanence – that additional
beauty imparted to cherry blossoms, for their fleeting nature.
It’s only stretching the concept slightly to suggest that this is
how the museum’s manager, an understatedly stylish GfK employee
named Carol Sherry, feels about the cartons of Morning Banana Juice
in her care or about Fortune Snookies, a short-lived line of
fortune cookies for dogs. Every failure, the way she sees it,
embodies its own sad story on the part of designers, marketers, and
salespeople. It is never far from her mind that real people had
their mortgages, their car payments, and their family holidays
riding on the success of products such as A Touch of Yogurt.
6. According to the writer, Mr. McMath failed to realize that his
collection would ______________.
A. be better if it were more selective B. grow so
quickly
C. contain so many failed products D. be so difficult
to store
7. The word “indiscriminately” in paragraph 4 is closest in
meaning to _____________.
A. in a planned way B. in an expected way
 C. in an unexpected way D. in an unplanned way
(bừa bãi)

The Museum of Failed Products was itself a kind of accident,

albeit a happier one. Its creator, a now retired marketing man
named Robert McMath, merely intended to accumulate a “reference
library” of consumer products, not failure per se. And so,
starting in the 1960s, he began purchasing and preserving a sample
of every new item he could find. Soon, the collection outgrew his
office in upstate New York and he was forced to move into a
converted granary to accommodate it. Later, GfK bought him out,
moving the whole lot to Michigan. What McMath hadn’t taken into
account was the three-word truth that was to prove the making of
his career: most products fail. According to some estimates, the
failure rate is as high as ninety percent. Simply by collecting new
products indiscriminately, McMath had ensured that his hoard would
come to consist overwhelmingly of unsuccessful ones.
 By far the most striking thing about the museum, though, is
that it should exist as a viable, profit-making business in the
first place. You might have assumed that any consumer product
manufacturer worthy of the name would have its own such collection
– a carefully stewarded resource to help it avoid making errors its
rivals had already made. Yet the executives who arrive every week
at Sherry’s door are evidence of how rarely this happens. Product
developers are so focused on their next hoped-for success, so
unwilling to invest time or energy thinking about their industry’s
past failures that they only belatedly realize how much they need
to access GfK’s collection. Most surprising of all is that many of
the designers who have found their way to the museum have come
there to examine – or been surprised to discover – products that
their own companies had created, then abandoned.
It isn’t hard to imagine how one downside of the positive
thinking culture, an aversion to confronting failure, might have
been responsible for the very existence of many of the products
lining its shelves. Each one must have made it through a series of
meetings at which nobody realized that the product was doomed.
Perhaps nobody wanted to contemplate the prospect of failure;
perhaps someone did but didn’t want to bring it up for discussion.
By the time the truth became obvious, the original developers would
have moved to other products or other firms. Little energy would
have been invested in discovering what went wrong. Everyone
involved would have conspired, perhaps without realizing what
they’re doing, never to speak of it again. Failure is everywhere.
It’s just that most of the time we’d rather avoid confronting
that fact.

8. According to the writer, what is remarkable about the product

developers who visit GfK?
A. their ignorance of the existence of the collection
B. the lack of attention paid to previous failures
C. the way they dismiss their own companies’ failures
D. their tendency to repeat past failures
9. What point is the writer making in the last paragraph?
A. that failure should have been prevented
B. that failure is an acceptable part of life
C. that people are afraid to talk about failure
D. that thinking negatively often leads to failure
10. The word “aversion” in the last paragraph is closest in
meaning to _____________.
A. dislike B. willingness C. affection D.
approval
Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks below.
The Reading has eight paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading
for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
List of headings
i. Another detection method with 1. Paragraph A …x…………
some warnings 2. Paragraph B ……v………
ii. Parents warn schools about 3. Paragraph C …iii…………
findings 4. Paragraph D ……ii………
iii. Causes, symptoms and 5. Paragraph E …iv…………
reportings Paragraph F ………i……
iv. Disputes about data
v. Classification of allergies
and what causes them
vi. Comparisons over a century
vii. International cooperation
could yield useful information
viii. Differentiation methods
and associated concerns
ix. Economic factors limit
research opportunities
x. A common substance with
deadly consequences for some
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the
passage for each answer.
Testing for Allergies
There is uncertainty about the reasons for increases in food allergies.
All surveys now indicate overall increases, which causes Amy Branum to
question the 6. ___________________________. However, more testing tools have
been developed, including a 7. ___________________________ to ascertain what
an allergy is related to. Even this can have questionable validity due to
several factors including a lack of 8. ___________________________ of
components. Another test, the IgE test, has resulted in concerns that the
presence of antibodies could lead to a 9. __________________________. In
fact, Ewen and Clark (2005) are quoted as saying that a 10.
___________________________test that is appropriate for all triggers does not
exist. Initiatives to provide greater clarity in this area include, through
cross-cultural collaboration, the use of diagnostic tools and long-term
studies.
6. reporting theory
7. simple skin test
8. standardization
9. false positive result
10. gold standard

FOOD ENERGIES
A. In recent decades there has been a very real increase
throughout the world in different types of allergies - that is, the
over-reaction by the body's immune system to a normally harmless
substance - particularly in babies and young children. The reasons
for this increase are still unclear, which points to the need for
more research to establish how and why this is happening and what
solutions there might be to prevent and treat potentially life-
threatening events arising from this medical condition.

B. There are three main types of allergies: food (the main

triggers being eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes, especially peanuts,
fish and diary products - the latter because of the lactose in milk
and cheese), environmental factors (grasses, grass seeds and
pollens) and bites from insects (bees and wasps, among others).
However, because of the increasing incidence of food allergies, and
the need for health and lifestyle modification by sufferers after
diagnosis, this paper will concentrate on this area.

C. Food allergies, which may result from a genetic predisposition

in parents of allergic children to have eczema and other skin
allergies, can be life-threatening due to the threat of
anaphylactic shock: that is, severe breathing difficulties leading
to death without medical intervention. In recent years there has
been an increase of either 18% or 33%, depending on the source of
that information, in food allergies in young children. It is
estimated that between 3-4% and 4-6% of adults in developed
countries (for example, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom
and Australia) suffer from this condition. However, it does need to
be emphasized that these statistics are unverified.
 D. The most publicised food allergy is peanut allergy, perhaps
because of the widespread prevalence of peanuts in many foods, as
well as the use of peanut oil in so many products, so that a visit
to a restaurant or children's party can be lethal for a sufferer.
The possibility of an unexpected encounter with peanuts has
resulted in extreme vigilance by parents and in man schools banning
peanuts as a precaution. It is in this area, particularly, that
there is a need for clearer identification of sufferers. However, a
2010 study found that many children were wrongly diagnosed as being
allergic to peanuts, based on a standard test, suggesting the need
for a reassessment of testing procedures or the need for a more
sensitive test.

E. Some specialists believe the increase in all food allergies

may be due mainly to greater awareness and therefore greater
reporting, rather than to an increase in actual incidents. However,
Amy Branum, a health statistician with the US Centre for Disease
Control and Prevention, disputes the greater reporting theory,
citing evidence that increases in the condition extend across all
surveys and thus must be the result of more than just increased
awareness.

F. A number of testing tools have been developed to diagnose and

distinguish between food allergies and food intolerance, a less
serious condition. First, it is important for a full family history
and physical examination to be undertaken. After this, a simple
skin test, administered by pricking the skin, is able to detect
whether an apparent allergy is related to external factors or, more
seriously, to the immune system. However, even a simple skin test
can be problematic. According to the Journal of Allergy and
Clinical Immunology (2009), there is variability in the way the
test is administered by physicians and this can affect results. As
well, there has been no standardization of the extracts of food
products used in skin testing, and this can lead to unacceptable
variations in results.
 G. A further diagnostic tool for asthma involves a blood test to
detect the presence of antibodies in the blood for various
foodstuffs. This test, known as the IgE test, is generally
considered to be effective, but with reservations. In 2008, the
Clinical Laboratory Standards Committee warned that the presence of
antibodies did not necessarily denote the presence of an allergy;
that is, there could be a false positive result. Additionally,
antibody results for one food could not be used predictively for
another food. An important issue, reported by Ewen and Clark (2005)
is that there are a number of tests available but no "gold
standard" accurate test for all allergens. It would thus appear
that more research is needed to clarify how best to identify the
growing number of babies and young children with allergies.

H. Because of the lack of clarity in this important area, there

have been a number of inititiatives and cross-country
collaborations investigated. One such, EuroPrevall, launched in
2005, is a multidisciplinary project with 54 partners, which aims
to use diagnostic tools and conduct long-term studies, and also
look at social and cultural factors related to food allergies.
Another study, based in the United Kingdom, is funding 45 projects,
many ongoing, examining a wide range of factors. A recent report
indicates that food allergies decrease with age. It is anticipated
that further such useful results will become available in the
coming years.
Part 5: Identify which section A–D each of the following is
mentioned. Write ONE letter A–D in the corresponding numbered space
provided. Each letter may be used more than once.
You are going to read four different opinions from leading
scientists about the future of fuel. For questions 1-10, choose
from the writers A-D. The writers may be chosen more than once.
1. believes oil will be available for many more years c
2. believes that from now on, less oil is available B

3. believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered A

4. sees a great potential in natural fuels A

5. believes the fuel crisis will cause the poor to become poorerB

6. sees energy and the economy as intrinsically linked B

7. believes we should reduce our dependence on oil immediately D

8. believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry C

9. believes that it is unlikely that governments will invest a lot of money into alternative energy B

10. believes that future oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters D

A. Howard Bloom, Author:

 Even though most people are convinced that peak oil has already
passed, to me, peak oil is just a hypothesis. There is a theory
that carbon molecules can be found in interstellar gas clouds,
comets and in space ice, and if this is the case, our planet could
ooze oil for ever. And even if we stay earthbound, those who say we
have raped the planet of all its resources are wrong. There's a
huge stock of raw materials we haven't yet learned to use. There
are bacteria two miles beneath our feet which can turn solid
granite into food. If bacteria can do it, surely we creatures with
brains can do it better. As far as the near future of energy is
concerned, I believe the most promising alternative fuels are
biofuels, such as ethanol. It's an alcohol made from waste products
such as the bark of trees, woodchips, and other 'waste materials'.
And that's not the only waste that can create energy. My friend in
the biomass industry is perfecting an energy-generation plant which
can run on human waste. We produce that in vast quantities, and
it's already gathered in centralised locations. 
B. Michael Lardelli, Lecturer in Genetics at The University of
Adelaide 
Nothing exists on this planet without energy. It enables
flowers and people to grow and we need it to mine minerals, extract
oil or cut wood and then to process these into finished goods. So
the most fundamental definition of money is as a mechanism to allow
the exchange and allocation of different forms of energy. Recently,
people have been using more energy than ever before. Until 2005 it
was possible to expand our energy use to meet this demand. However,
since 2005 oil supply has been in decline, and at the same time,
and as a direct result of this, the world's economy has been unable
to expand, leading to global recession. With the world's energy and
the profitability of energy production in decline at the same time,
the net energy available to support activities other than energy
procurement will decrease. We could increase energy production by
diverting a large proportion of our remaining oil energy into
building nuclear power stations and investing in renewable forms of
energy. However, this is very unlikely to happen in democratic
nations, because it would require huge, voluntary reductions in
living standards. Consequently, the world economy will continue to
contract as oil production declines. With energy in decline, it
will be impossible for everyone in the world to become wealthier.
One person's increased wealth can only come at the expense of
another person's worsened poverty. 

C. Jeroen van der Veer, chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell 

 People are understandably worried about a future of growing
energy shortages, rising prices and international conflict for
supplies. These fears are not without foundation. With continued
economic growth, the world's energy needs could increase by 50% in
the next 25 years. However, I do not believe that the world is
running out of energy. Fossil fuels will be able to meet growing
demand for a long time in the future. Taking unconventional
resources into account, we are not even close to peak oil. The
priority for oil companies is to improve efficiency, by increasing
the amount of oil recovered from reservoirs. At present, just over
a third is recovered. We can also improve the technology to control
reservoir processes and improve oil flow. However, these projects
are costly, complex and technically demanding, and they depend on
experienced people, so it is essential to encourage young people to
take up a technical career in the energy industry. Meanwhile,
alternative forms of energy need to be made economically viable.
International energy companies have the capability, the experience
and the commercial drive to work towards solving the energy problem
so they will play a key role. But it is not as simple as merely
making scientific advances and developing new tools; the challenge
is to deliver the technology to people worldwide. Companies will
need to share knowledge and use their ideas effectively. 

D. Craig Severance, blogger 

What will it take to end our oil addiction? It's time we moved
on to something else. Not only are world oil supplies running out,
but what oil is still left is proving very dirty to obtain. The
Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred precisely because the easy-to-
obtain oil is already tapped. If we don't kick oil now, we will see
more disasters as oil companies move to the Arctic offshore and
clear more forests. The cheap petroleum is gone; from now on, we
will pay steadily more and more for our oil — not just in dollars,
but in the biological systems that sustain life on this planet. The
only solution is to get on with what we will have to do anyway -
end our dependence on it! There are many instances in which oil
need not be used at all. Heat and electricity can be produced in a
multitude of other ways, such as solar power or natural gas. The
biggest challenge is the oil that is used in transportation. That
doesn't mean the transportation of goods worldwide, it's the day-
to-day moving around of people. It means we have to change what we
drive. The good news is that it's possible. There are a wide range
of fuel efficient cars on offer, and the number of all-electric
plug-in cars is set to increase. For long distance travel and
freight, the solution to this is to look to rail. An electrified
railway would not be reliant upon oil, but could be powered by
solar, geothermal, hydro, and wind sources. There is a long way to
go, but actions we take now to kick our oil addiction can help us
adapt to a world of shrinking oil supplies. 
(From Certificate in Advanced English exam)
SECTION IV: Writing
Part 1: Rewrite the following sentences with the given word. The
given words can’t be changed.
1. The students in his class come from many different places, which
makes the place very special. WIDE
________________________________come from far and wide___________
2. When I make my complaint, I hope that you will say you agree with
me. BACK
_____________________________you will back me up______________
3. I forgot his birthday last week and do not know how to make it up
to him. AMENDS
 ______________i do not know how to make amends for
forgetting.._____
4. She is likely to be shortlisted for the position.
STANDS
 _______________she stands a chance of being…
____________________________
5. Don’t hesitate to make use of the library’s resources.
AVAIL
_____u are at liberty to avail yourself of_______________________
Part 2: You are applying for a scholarship and need a letter of
reference from someone who knew you when you were at school.

Write a letter to one of your old teachers asking for a reference.

In your letter:
say what course you have applied for
  explain why you want this course
 suggest what information the teacher should include
Write at least 150 words.

Part 3: Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic:

“Children’s achievement is highly influenced by parents’
education and income.”
Do you agree with this statement? Write a paragraph of about 180
words to state your viewpoint.