Jolo F.

De Mesa Grade 12- ABM (Pacioli)

ELEPHANTS AND CHEESE: AN EXPLORATORY PAPER

by Teck Wann

It is widely known that elephants fear cheese, and will flee at

the first whiff of it (“Elephants stampede”, 2003). What is not yet well Source F
understood is why this phenomenon occurs. For more than a decade
academics have been researching this perplexing topic. Their work
constitutes part of the booming new discipline known as
pachydermo-fromagology, which is defined as “the study of elephant- Source D
cheese interactions” (Concise Oxford dictionary, 2004). This paper will
evaluate existing research and theories, and argue that none of them
satisfactorily explain the data which has been gathered so far.

That elephants’ fear cheese was an accidental discovery made

by the noted elephantologist G. Coleman (1984). The story of the Source B

discovery is now famous, but worth repeating:

After a hard morning following the herd, I had just sat down
under a tree for lunch and unwrapped a particularly delectable
chunk of cheddar sent up from the base camp. Suddenly I heard
an enormous trampling sound, and when I looked up, the entire Source C,
page 160
herd was gone. (Coleman, 1988, p. 160)
Sources
His discovery, while dismissed at the time, was subsequently G, H
corroborated by other researchers. Several studies (Gibson &
Sturgess, 1987; Gibson, Sturgess, & Bates, 1989) have confirmed the
Source E
phenomenon, and that it occurs among both African and Asian
elephants. A recent report by the Elephant Research Institute
(Elephant Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, 2001)
established that smell is the primary means elephants detect cheese,
and that they will ignore large pieces of cheese if tightly wrapped.
Meanwhile a French cheese expert asserts on his website that Source I,
Introduction,
elephants do not flee from French cheese, only the lesser cheeses of para. 2
other nations. “Zee creatures, zey have good taste, non?” he writes
(Gouda, 2004, Introduction, para. 2).

Recently, a new theory has exploded on the scene and caused

quite a stink. Based on several clever experiments, K. Maas Source J,
(2003, p. 468) has claimed that in fact elephants do not fear cheese at page 468
all, but instead fear the mice which are attracted to cheese. However, Sources
this theory, which she calls the Maas Mouse Hypothesis (MMH), has K, L
not yet been widely accepted. One researcher (Sturgess, 2004a,
2004b) has published a series of articles roundly denouncing the
MMH, and the debate has even spilled over into the popular press Source A
(Achison, 2004).
What are we to make of this controversy?
 References

Achison, C.L. (2004, April). A ripe and weighty issue: an interview with Monica A
Sturgess. Cheese Lovers World, 6 (4), 12-13.

Coleman, G.J. (1984). An odd behaviour observed among the species Elephas
B
maximus. Journal of Trunked Mammal Studies, 23, 421-429.

Coleman, G.J. (1988). Underfoot: ten years among the elephants. New York: C
Oxford University Press.

Concise Oxford dictionary, 11th ed. (2004). Oxford University Press. Retrieved D
October 20, 2004, from Oxford Reference Online database.

Elephant Research Institute, Simon Fraser University. (2001) Smell versus sight:
E
detection of cheese by elephants. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from
http://www.sfu.ca/eri/reports/00107elephants.pdf

Elephants stampede, 7 cheese-lovers trampled. (2003, November 22). F

Vancouver Sun, p. A1, A8.

Gibson, C.N. & Sturgess, M.N. (1987). Elephant fleeing behaviour confirmed.
Journal of Elephantology, 16, 239-245. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from G
Academic Search Elite database.

Gibson, C.N. Sturgess, M.N., & Bates, A.T. (1989). Experiments with cheese
effects on Elephas maximus and Elephas africanus. Journal of H
Elephantology, 18, 120-134. Retrieved October 27, 2004, from Academic
Search Elite database.

Gouda, A.N. (n.d.) Commentary of a report about cheese and les elephants. I
Retrieved October 23, 2004, from
http://www.mondedefromage.fr/elephants.html

Maas, K.A. (2003). The missing link: elephants, mice, and cheese. International
Journal of Rodentia Research, 56, 459-471. Retrieved October 31, 2004, J
from http://www.elsevierpublisher.com/ijrr/56/4/maas.htm

Sturgess, M.N. (2004a). Of mice and cheese (Part 1). Journal of Trunked K
Mammal Studies, 43, 10-15.

Sturgess, M.N. (2004b). Of mice and cheese (Part 2). Journal of Trunked
L
Mammal Studies, 43, 219-225.
Winnette Wangel Sanidad Grade 12- Stem A (Volta)

Write a reference list using APA style for the following sources

1. A book published in 1991 in Oxford written by Professor John Sinclair. The title of the book
is: Corpus, concordance and collocation and the publisher was Oxford University press.

 Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance and collocation. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

2. Jonathan Mills wrote this newspaper article. It was in the Guardian newspaper on Saturday
November 6th this year. The title is: Divorced couple fights for frozen embryos.

 Mills, J. (2017, November 6). Divorced couple fights for frozen embryos.
Guardian.

3. An article in the journal: Applied linguistics. It was written in 1985 by E Bialystock and M
Sharwood-Smith. The title of the article is: Interlanguage is not a state of mind. It was
published in volume 6 and it is from page 101 to page 117.

 Bialystock, E., & Sharwood-Smith, M. (1985). Interlanguage is not a state of mind.

Applied linguistics, 6,101-117.

4. A book by Lyle Bachman and Adrian Palmer written in 1996. The title is: Language testing in
practice. It is published by Oxford University Press in Oxford.

 Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. (1996). Language testing in practice. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.

5. A website with no author or date. We used the webpage on January 16, 2009. Title: WWW
user survey. The URL is http://www.usersurvey.www/webpages

 WWW user surver. (2009, January 16). Retrieved from

http://www.usersurvey.www/webpages

6. An article in an online magazine Psychology Today, June 2009. You read the article online
yesterday. The title of the article is Mental reserves keep brain agile. The author’s name is
John Brody. The URL is http://www.psychologytoday.com
  Brody, J. (2009, June). Mental reserves keep brain agile. Psychology Today.
Retrieved
from http://www.psychologytoday.com

Writing a reference list

There is at least one mistake in every entry. Correct them and check your answers.
1. Brett, P. 1994. A genre analysis of the results sections of sociology articles. English for Specific
Purposes, 13, 47-59.

 Brett, P. (1994). A genre analysis of the results sections of sociology articles. English for
Specific Purposes, 13, 47-59.

2. Bridgeman, B., & Carlson, S. B. Survey of academic writing tasks. Written Communication, 1,
247-280.
 Bridgeman, B., & Carlson, S. B. (n.d.). Survey of academic writing tasks. Written
Communication, 1, 247-280.

3. Campbell, A. F. (1983). Organize your English. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

 Campbell, A. F. (1983). Organize your English. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

4. Clyne, M. (1983). Culture and discourse structure. In Smith L. E.(Ed.), Readings in English as
an
international language (pp. 163-167). London: Prentice Hall.

 Clyne, M. (1983). Culture and discourse structure. In L. E. Smith (Ed.), Readings in English
as
an international language (pp. 163-167). London: Prentice Hall.

5. Collinson, D. J. (1982). Writing English. Wildwood House.

 Collinson, D. J. (1982). Writing English. Aldershot: Wildwood House.

6. Dudley-Evans, A. (1984). "A preliminary investigation of the writing of dissertation titles". In

G.
James (Ed.), The ESP classroom: Methodology, materials and expectations (pp. 40-46).
Exeter:
University of Exeter.

 Dudley-Evans, A. (1984). A preliminary investigation of the writing of dissertation titles.

In
 G. James (Ed.), The ESP classroom: Methodology, materials and expectations (pp. 40-
46).
Exeter: University of Exeter.

7. Cookson, L. (1984). Writing. London: Hutchinson.

 Cookson, L. (1984). Writing. London: Hutchinson.

8. Grellet, F. (1981). Developing reading skills. Cambridge.

 Grellet, F. (1981). Developing reading skills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

9. Hamp-Lyons, L. & K. B. Courter (1984). Research matters. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
 Hamp-Lyons, L. & Courter, K. B. (1984). Research matters. Rowley, Mass: Newbury
House.

10. Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. (1987). Study writing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
 Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. (1987). Study writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.

11. Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New
York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

 Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New

York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

12. American Dietetic Association. (2004). EatRight.org Home Page. Retrieved June
16, 2004.

 American Dietetic Association. (2004). EatRight.org Home Page. Retrieved June 16, 2004
from http://eatright.org/index.ph

13. Fitzgibbon, M. and Stolley, M. (2000, December). Minority women: The untold story. In
NOVA Online: Dying to be thin. Retrieved June 27, 2004,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/thin/minorities.html

 Fitzgibbon, M. & Stolley, M. (2000, December). Minority women: The untold story. In
NOVA
Online: Dying to be thin. Retrieved June 27, 2004,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/thin/minorities.html