KBZDEKBZFO_, _U^WEVFI@ BIJ B. >,?28 gt. O. >,882 gt.

Z^BI_XC^ZBZFCI EI@FIEE^FI@ N. >,828 gt. J. >,222 gt.

2. Ocisfjer tde brftdketfo sequeioe wdcse gfrst terk fs ? >y

? bij ockkci jfggereioe fs -5. Prfte bi expressfci 6. Evbaubte  2 8
( x > + y > )jx jy .
jx jy
gcr tde `eierba terk bi. Dfit< bi ; b2 + (i ‟ 2) j B. >48/? O. >?8/7
B. b ; 5 + 4i O. b ; 4 ‟ 5i N. 228/0 J. 258/:
N. b ; 4 + 5i J. b ; 5 ‟ 4i
28. Bi ei`fieerfi` ocisuatbit ockpbiy kust jeofje
>. Bi ei`fieer wfsdes tc purodbse b Xdp 48,888 dcke netweei twc lcns. Zde jeofsfci fs nbsej ci tde
ny kbmfi` b jcwi pbykeit cg Xdp >8,888 bij gcaacwfi` figcrkbtfci.
ncrrcwfi` tde rekbfifi` Xdp 78,888, wdfod de wfaa
repby ci b kcitday nbsfs cver tde iext ?8 yebrs. Fg
tde nbim odbr`es fiterest bt tde rbte cg 6 »% per yebr,  Lcn 2
ockpcuijej kcitday, dcw kuod kciey kust tde Xrcnbnfafty 8.> 8.4
ei`fieer repby ebod kcitd3 Cutocke Acss cg Xdp Xrcgft cg Xdp
B. Xdp 5:8.52 O. Xdp ::5.52 ?8,888 288,888
N. Xdp 58:.52 J. Xdp 55:.52
 Lcn >
?. B Zcyctb Abij Orufser jrfves ebst grck pcfit B bt ?8 Xrcnbnfafty 8.: 8.7
mpd. Bictder obr, Gcrj Expejftfci, stbrtfi` grck N bt Cutocke Acss cg Xdp Xrcgft cg Xdp
tde sbke tfke, jrfves _?8P tcwbrj B bt 78 mpd. N fs >8,888 2>5,888
?8 mk grck B. Dcw gbst fi mpd fs tde jfstbioe
netweei twc obrs odbi`fi` bgter ?8 kfiutes3 Dfit< Pdfod lcn dbs tde `rebter expeotej prcgft3
Use tde Ocsfie Abw. B. Lcn > neobuse ft dbs `rebter expeotej prcgft cg
B. 08 mpd O. 55 mpd Xdp 7:,888
N. 48 mpd J. 78 mpd N. Lcn 2 neobuse ft dbs `rebter expeotej prcgft cg
Xdp 0:,888
:. Ci b ^fodter sobae, tde kb`iftuje ^ cg bi ebrtdqubme O. Lcn 2 neobuse ft dbs `rebter expeotej prcgft cg
cg fiteisfty F fs `fvei ^ ; ac`(F/F
ac `(F/Fc) wdere Fc fs b oertbfi Xdp 70,888
kfifkuk fiteisfty. Fg fiteisfty cg bi ebrtdqubme fs J. Lcn > neobuse ft dbs `rebter expeotej prcgft cg
2888Fc, gfij ^. Xdp 0:,888
B. ? O. 5
N. 0 J. 6 22. Ebrtd fs bpprcxfkbteay 6?,888,888.88 kfaes grck tde
sui, bij tde Lupfter fs bpprcxfkbteay :4:,888,688.88
5. B pbfiter ieejs tc gfij tde breb cg tde `bnae eij cg b kfaes grck tde sui. Dcw aci` wcuaj ft tbme b
dcuse. Pdbt fs tde breb cg tde `bnae fg fg ft fs b trfbi`ae spboesdfp trbveafi` bt 0,588.88 kpd tc gay grck Ebrtd
wftd twc sfjes cg :> gt tdbt keet bt b 285¸ bi`ae3 tc Lupfter3
B. 4>> gt> O. 4>5 gt> B. 6.8 yebrs O. 7.8 yebrs
N. 455 gt> J. 45> gt> N. 5.8 yebrs J. ?.8 yebrs

7. B gbrker cwiej b squbre gfeaj kebsurfi` exbotay 2>. B ketecrcac`fst fs figabtfi` b-spderfoba nbaacci wftd
>>72 k ci ebod sfje. 2464 k grck grck cie ocrier bij b deafuk `bs. Fg tde rbjfus cg b nbaacci
nbaacci fs odbi`fi` bt
2886 k grck bi bjlboeit
bjlboeit ocrier stbijs Ibrrb tree. B b rbte cg 2.5 ok/seo., express tde vcauke W cg tde
ief`dncr cggerej tc purodbse b trfbi`uabr pcrtfci cg nbaacci bs b guiotfci cg tfke t (fi
(fi seocijs). Dfit< Use
tde gfeaj stfpuabtfi` tdbt b geioe sdcuaj ne ereotej fi ockpcsfte guiotfci reabtfcisdfp Wspdere ; :/? r> bs b
b strbf`dt afie grck cie sfje cg tde gfeaj tc
t c bi bjlboeit guiotfci cg x (rbjfus), bij x (rbjfus) bs b guiotfci cg
sfje sc tdbt tde Ibrrb tree wbs pbrt cg tde geioe. Zde t (tfke).
gbrker booeptej tde cgger nut kbje sure tdbt tde B. W(t) ; 5/> tY? O. W(t) ; 6/> tY?
trfbi`uabr pcrtfci wbs b kfifkuk breb. Pdbt wbs N. W(t) ; 0/> tY? J. W(t) ; ?/> tY?
tde breb cg tde gfeaj tde ief`dncr reoefvej bij dcw
aci` wbs
wbs tde geioe3 Dfit< Use tdetde Ocsfie Abw. 2?. Ci tde gfrst sfx tests fi der Kbtdekbtfos sunleot, der
B. B ; 60>,?>5 bij A ; >,>?7 socres were 6>, 04, 47, 6>, 65, bij 62. Fg sde tccm b
N. B ; 658,278 bij A ; >,2>> seveitd test bij rbfsej tde kebi cg der socres
s ocres exbotay
O. B ; 6:7,?58 bij A ; >,:65 cie pcfit, wdbt wbs der socre ci tde 0td test3
J. B ; 6?6,2>8 bij A ; >,824 B. 6: O. 67
N. 60 J. 64
0. Zde iukner cg boofjeits gcr 7 yrs. reocrjej fi b
oertbfi seotfci cg b df`dwby fs 5:?>. Fg tde bverb`e 2:. Fi tde expbisfci cg (>x ‟ 2/x)28, gfij tde oceggfofeit cg
jbfay trbggfo fs :07, wdbt fs tde boofjeit rbte per tde 4td terk.
kfaafci eiterfi` vedfoaes3 B. 648 O. 678
B. 5>22 O. 588> N. 608 J. 668
N. 5287 J. 5828
25. Fi kbiy pbrts cg tde wcraj, df`d wbters rebod tdefr
4. B ourve nbimej bt 4¸ wfaa boockkcjbte trbggfo `rebtest def`dt bij tde acw wbters bt tde aebst def`dt,
trbveafi` s kpd, fg tde rbjfus cg tde ourve fs r geet, scci bgter tde tfke cg guaa bij iew kcci, tdese tfjes
boocrjfi` tc tde gcrkuab s ; 2.:5 r  . Fg ei`fieers bre obaaej<
expeot 75-kpd trbggfo, wdbt rbjfus sdcuaj tdey B. Gaccj tfjes O. Enn tfjes
speofgy3 N. Iebp tfjes J. _prfi` tfjes
27. Fi stfaa wbter, ycur skbaa ncbt bverb`e 4 kfaes per scutdebst (:5¸) gcr ::8 mk= tde tdfrj fs (5?¸) scutd cg
dcur. Ft tbmes ycu tde sbke bkcuit cg tfke tc trbvea west gcr 558 mk. Pdbt fs tde tctba jfspaboekeit3
25 kfaes jcwistrebk, wftd tde ourreit, bs 6 kfaes B. 658 mk, -:7 neacw tde x-bxfs (scutd cg ebst)
upstrebk, b`bfist tde ourreit. Pdbt fs tde rbte cg mk, -55 neacw tde x-bxfs (scutd cg ebst)
N. 605 mk,
wbter's ourreit3 O. 6:8 mk, -50 neacw tde x-bxfs (scutd cg ebst)
B. : kfaes/dr O. > kfaes/dr J. 678 mk, -52 neacw tde x-bxfs (scutd cg ebst)
N. ? kfaes/dr J. 5 kfaes/dr
>7. B ketecrcac`fst fs figabtfi` b spderfoba nbaacci wftd
20. Zde gcrkuab v ; (> `d )  `fve tde veacofty, fi geet per deafuk `bs. Fg tde rbjfus cg tde nbaacci fs odbi`fi`
o dbi`fi` bt
seocij, cg bi cnleot wdei ft gbaas d geet booeaerbtej ny b rbte cg 2.5 ok/seo, express tde vcauke W cg tde
`rbvfty `., fi geet per seocij squbrej. Fg ` fs nbaacci bs b guiotfci cg tfke t (fi seocijs).
bpprcxfkbteay ?> geet per seocij squbrej, gfij dcw B. W(t) ; 2/5 t? O. W(t) ; ?/0 t?
gbr bi cnleot dbs gbaaei fg fts veacofty fs 48 geet per N. W(t) ; :/? t? J. W(t) ; 6/> t?
seocij.
B. 48 geet O. 08 geet >0. B nus rcute ci b ofty street fs sodejuaej gcr >-kfi
N. 288 geet J. 68 geet debjwbys. Ci tde bverb`e, 0 pbssei`ers per nus
ncbrj bt b pbrtfouabr stcp bij 28 pbssei`ers baf`dt.
24. Jeterkfie tde peroeitb`e uioertbfity fi tde breb cg b Baa ncbrjfi` pbssei`ers use tde grcit jccr bij baa
squbre tdbt fs 7.84 + 8.82 k cr b sfje. baf`dtfi` pbssei`ers use tde nbom jccr. Gbre
B. 8.>0% O. 8.>7% ocaaeotfci fs exbot gbre bij gbrencx, nut ict sfi`ae
N. 8.>5% J. 8.>6% ocfi. Bssuke oaebrbioe tfke fs 25 s, bij tdbt tde
kbxfkuk baacwbnae prcnbnfafty cg nus queufi` fs 2
26. Ft fs tde kbxfkuk iukner cg vedfoaes, wdfod dbve b peroeit. Zde stcp fs b iebr-sfje stcp bt bi fiterseotfci
rebscibnae expeotbtfci cg pbssfi` cver b `fvei wftd `/O rbtfc cg 8.58. Dcw kbiy nertds bre
seotfci cg abie cr rcbjwby fi cie jfreotfci cr fi nctd
nct d requfrej3
jfreotfcis jurfi` cie dcur uijer prevbfafi` rcbj B. > O. :
bij trbggfo ocijftfcis. N. ? J. 5
B. Gacw Zrbggfo O. Gree Gacw
N. ^cbj Obpbofty J. Jeisfty >4. B ocitrbotcr dbs 58 kei cg tde sbke obpbofty bt wcrm
ci b lcn. Zdey obi ockpaete tde lcn fi ?8 jbys, tde
>8. B ockpbiy jeterkfies tdbt fi tde prcjuotfci cg x wcrmfi` jby nefi`. 4 dcurs, nut tde ocitrbot expfre fi
uifts cg b ockkcjfty fts reveiue bij ocst guiotfcis >8 jbys. De jeofjes tc put >8 bjjftfciba kei. Fg baa
bre, respeotfveay, ^(x) ; -?xY? + 608x bij O(x) ; >xY> tde kei `et X?.88 per
p er jby gcr b guaa cr pbrt jby bij fg
+ 588. Gfij tde kbxfkuk prcgft bij kbxfkuk tde afqufjbtej jbkb`es bre X288 gcr every guaa cr pbrt
bverb`e ocst. jby, de requfres cver dfs ocitrbot. Dcw kbiy jbys
B. Xdp 5:.?> O. Xdp ?>.6: ocuaj de gfifsd tde lcn.
N. Xdp >5.:? J. Xdp :?.>5 B. >> O. >8
N. 25 J. 24
>2. B pabte fi tde sdbpe cg bi fscsoeaes trfbi`ae ? gt df`d
bij : gt wfje fs sunker`ej vertfobaay, nbse >6. Dbaaey's Ocket dbs bi eaafptfoba crnft wftd
jcwiwbrj, wftd tde nbse 5 gt neacw tde surgboe
s urgboe cg tde eooeitrfofty ; 8.670. Zde oacsest tde Dbaaey's ocket
wbter. Gfij tde gcroe obusej ny afqufj pressure ci ockes tc tde sui fs 8.540 BU. Bpprcxfkbte tde
cie sfje cg tde pabte. kbxfkuk jfstbioe cg tde ocket grck td suk tc tde
B. 207:.6 an O. 2:60.7 an iebrest 8.2 BU.
N. 27:6.0 an J. 2607.: an B. >5.8 BU O. 20.> BU
N. 5?.8 BU J. 20.4 BU
/>
>>. Evbaubte 
8
> sfi 7 x ocs: x jx ?8. Ebod pabie obi obrry ic kcre tdbi 48,888 pcuijs.
Zde ncttaej wbter wef`ds >8 pcuijs per ocitbfier
B. 8.8?74 O. 8.8>?:
bij ebod kejfoba mft wef`ds 28 pcuijs. Fg x
N. 8.8:?0 J. 8.824:
represeits tde iukner cg ncttaes cg wbter tc ne
sdfppej bij y represeits tde iukner cg kejfoba mfts,
>?. Vcu obi jesf`i b wen sfte fi ?8 dcurs. Vcur grfeij obi
wrfte bi fiequbafty tdbt kcjeas tdfs ocistrbfit.
jesf`i tde sbke sfte fi >8 dcurs. Dcw aci` wfaa ft tbme
tc jesf`i tde wen sfte fg ycu nctd wcrms tc`etder3 B. 28x ‟ >8y  48,888 O. >8x ‟ 28y  48,888
B. 2> O. 27 N. 28x + >8y  48,888 J. >8x + 28y  48,888
N. 25 J. 24
?2. Zde brebs cg twc sfkfabr pcay`cis
pcay`cis bre 48 bij 5. Fg tde
>:. Dccme's abw stbtes tdbt tde jfstbioe b sprfi` stretodes sfje cg tde skbaaer pcay`ci dbs b aei`td >, gfij tde
fs jfreotay prcpcrtfciba tc tde wef`dt bttbodej tc tde aei`td cg tde ocrrespcijfi` sfje b abr`er pcay`ci.
sprfi`. Fg b :8-pcuij wef`dt bttbodej tc tde sprfi` B. 28 O. 4
stretodes tde sprfi` 5 fiodes, gfij tde jfstbioe tdbt b N. 2> J. 2:
75-pcuij wef`dt bttbodej tc tde sprfi` stretodes tde
sprfi`. ?>. B ocfi fs sc uinbabioej tdbt ycu bre afmeay tc `et twc
B. 4.2>5 fiodes O. 0.2>5 fiodes debjs fi twc suooessfve tdrcws bs ycu
yc u bre tc `et tbfas
N. 5.2>5 fiodes J. 7.2>5 fiodes fi cie. Pdbt fs tde prcnbnfafty cg `ettfi` debjs fi b
sfi`ae tdrcw3
>5. Bi bfrpabie fivcaves tdree ae`s wftd twc stcpcvers. B. 8.274 O. 8.742
Zde gfrst ae` fs jue ebst gcr 7>8 mk= tde seocij ae` fs N. 8.724 J. 8.427
??. Nbsej ci tde expressfci cg tde teodifoba rescautfci cg B. ? O. 5
tde Fiteribtfciba Pbter Pby Oci`ress, bncut dcw
N. : J. >
kbiy peroeit cg tfje fs `ubrbiteej sbge gcr tde sdfps3
B. 64% O. 65%
::. B oertbfi fsctcpe 2:O cg obrnci coours fi afvfi`
N. 05% J. 48%
cr`bifsks fi b gfxej prcpcrtfci tc crjfibry obrnci.
Pdei tdbt cr`bifsks jfes, fts 2:O jeoby
?:. Zde tfres cg b truom kbme 78 revcautfcis bs tde truom
expcieitfbaay, bij fts dbag-afge fs 50?8 yebrs. Bssuke
rejuoes fts speej grck 68 mk/d tc 58 mk/d. Zde tfres
tdbt b pfeoe odbrocba grck b wccj gfre wbs gcuij fi b
dbve b jfbketer cg 8.48k. Pdbt wbs tde bi`uabr
obve bij ocitbfis ciay 6% cg tde 2:O expeotej fi tde
booeaerbtfci cg tde tfres3
ocrrespcijfi` pfeoe cg wccj fi b afve tree. Dcw aci`
B. -22.5> rbj/seo> O. -22.55 rbj/seo>
b`c wbs tde wccj nuriej tc gcrk tdbt odbrocba3
N. -22.>5 rbj/seo> J. -22.>> rbj/seo>
B. 26687 yebrs O. 26087 yebrs
N. 26787 yebrs J. 26487 yebrs
?5. @ufje sf`is bre `eierbaay fi SSSSS sdbpe.
B. Zrfbi`uabr O. Ofroae
:5. B wbter pbrm fs ocisfjerfi` twc acobtfci gcr
N. _qubre J. ^eotbi`uabr
jeveacpkeit - cie fi Ab`uib bij cie fi Obvfte.
Nbsej ci tde gcaacwfi` wef`dtfi`s gcr tde gbotcrs
?7. Pcrmers bt tde Bujunci \cc kust kcve b `fbit
neacw, wdfod breb represeits tde nest acobtfci3
tcrtcfse tc dfs iew dcke. Gfij tde bkcuit cg gcroe
requfrej tc puaa b >58-pcuij tcrtcfse up b rbkp
aebjfi` fitc b truom. Zde bi`ae cg eaevbtfci cg tde Gbotcr jesorfptfci Pef`dt Ab`uib Obvfte
rbkp fs ?8. Xrcxfkfty tc
8.?8 48 58
B. 2>5 pcuijs O. 255 pcuijs Kbrmet
N. 2?5 pcuijs J. 2:5 pcuijs Figrbstruoture 8.>8 58 :8
Pebtder 8.>5 ?8 08
?0. Pdfod cg tdese ocitcur odbrboterfstfos fs ict true3 Abncur
8.>5 78 48
B. Ocitcurs ci tde `rcuij obi orcss bictder. Bvbfabnfafty
N. Ocitcurs bre bt tde
tde rf`dt bi`aes tc tde sacpe.
O. Ocitcur ci tde `rcuij oacses ftseag. B. Baa cg tde bncve O. Icie cg tde bncve
J. Ocitcurs pcfit upstrebk. N. Obvfte J. Ab`uib

?4. Obaouabte tde reocfa veacofty cg b 5.8-m` rfgae tdbt :7. Zde afies CB bij CN wdcse kb`ietfo nebrfi`s bre I
sdccts b 8.858-m` nuaaet
nuaaet bt b speej cg 2>8 k/s. Dfit< ?6¸>5' P bij I 05¸58' E respeotfveay, wdbt fs tde
Ociservbtfci cg Kckeituk. bi`ae netweei tde afies3
B. ->.2 k/s O. -2.> k/s B. 58¸8:' O. 225¸25'
N. 2.> k/s J. >.2 k/s N. 40¸?:' J. ?7¸>5'

?6. Zde nbses cg b rf`dt prfsk bre peitb`cis wftd ebod :0. B scfa wef`ds 227? m`/AkY? (accse ounfo keter),
sfje 7 k. aci`. Zde nbses bre 2> k bpbrt. Pdbt fs tde 2772 m`/NkY? (nbim ounfo keter), bij >800
vcauke cg tde prfsk3 m`/OkY? (Ockpbotej ounfo keter). Dcw kbiy nbim
B. 754.78 O. 0:?.:8 ounfo keter (NkY?) bij ockpbotej, ounfo keter
N. :78.48 J. 464.78 (OkY?) bre ocitbfiej fi 56?,?88 AkY? cg tdfs scfa3
s cfa3
Dfit< Nbim Wcauke ; Accse ounfo keter   Acbj
:8. B 58-m` orbte fs puaaej :8 k aci` b dcrfzcitba gaccr ny Gbotcr
b ocistbit gcroe exertej ny b persci Gp ; 288 I, Ockpbotej Wcauke ; Nbim ounfo keter 
wdfod bots bt b ?0¸ bi`ae. Zde gaccr fs rcu`d bij
b ij exerts _drfimb`e Gbotcr
b grfotfci gcroe G ; 58 I. Jeterkfie
Jet erkfie tde iet wcrm jcie Nbim ounfo keter ; Accse ounfo ybrj  Acbj
ci tde orbte. gbotcr
B. 2>88 L O. ?>88 L Ockpbotej ounfo keter ; Nbim ounfo keter 
N. >888 L J. :?88 L _drfimb`e gbotcr
B. Nbim Wcauke ; ??>,>:4.88 NkY?
:2. B kfie fs gcr sbae. B kfifi` ei`fieer estfkbtes tdbt, Ockpbotej Wcauke ; ??>,>:4.88 OkY?
bt ourreit prcjuotfci aeveas, tde kfie wfaa yfeaj bi N. Nbim Wcauke ; :25,?28.88 NkY?
biiuba fiocke cg Xdp 48,888 gcr 25 yebrs, bgter wdfod Ockpbotej Wcauke ; ??>,>:4.88 OkY?
tde
tde kfierba wfaa ne exdbustej. Fg bi fivestcr‖s KB^^ O. Nbim Wcauke ; :25,?28.88 NkY?
fs 25%, Pdbt fs tde kbxfkuk bkcuit de obi nfj ci Ockpbotej Wcauke ; :25,?28.88 OkY?
tdfs prcperty3 J. Nbim Wcauke ; ??>,>:4.88 NkY?
B. Xdp :00,078 O. Xdp :77,078 Ockpbotej Wcauke ; :>5,?28.88 OkY?
N. Xdp :70,078 J. Xdp :07,078
:4. Dbrjwbre Fio., b skbaa odbfi cg JFV cutaets fi tde
:>. Zwc gcroes cg 20.5 bij >>.5 an bot ci b ncjy. Fg tdefr Wfsbybs, dbs b tctba cperbtfi` ocst cg Xdp :?5,888.88.
jfreotfcis kbme bi bi`ae cg 58¸28‖ wftd ebod ctder, Dbvfi` fivestej fi rbjfc obkpbf`i, tde ockpbiy‖s
gfij tde bi`ae tdbt ft kbmes wftd tde abr`er gcroe. sbaes dbve fiorebsej grck Xdp 725,888.88 tc Xdp
B. >5¸?8‖ O. >2¸:8‖ 485,888.88. Fi bjjftfci tc tde cie-cgg ocst Xdp
N. :8¸>2‖ J. ?8¸>5‖ 48,888.88 gcr tde rbjfc bjverts, tdese extrb sbaes dbve
bjjej Xdp 7?,888.88 fifi vbrfbnae ocsts. Zdus, tde tctba
:?. Fg tde equba sfjes cg bi fscoeaes trfbi`ae bre `fvei, cperbtfi` ocsts gcr tde gfrk icw stbij bt Xdp
wdbt aei`td cg tde tdfrj sfje wfaa prcvfje kbxfkuk 504,888.88. Ny wdbt peroeitb`e dbs ENFZ (Ebrifi`s
breb3
 Negcre Fiterest bij Zbxes) fkprcvej bs b resuat cg tde 54. Zde tfres cg b obr kbme 75 revcautfcis bs tde obr
kbrmetfi` obkpbf`i3 rejuoes fts speej grck 65 mk/d tc :5 mk/d. Zde tfres
B. >8% O. >:% dbve b jfbketer cg 8.48 k. Fg tde obr ocitfiues tc
N. >0% J. >7% jeoeaerbte bt tdfs rbte, dcw kuod kcre tfke fs
requfrej gcr ft tc stcp.
:6. _fkpafgy tde guiotfci y ; (tbi x + oct x) sfi x B. :.2 s O. 0.7 s
B. sfi x O. ocs x N. 7.0 s J. 2.: s
J. oct x J. seo x
56. Pdbt iet gcroe fs requfrej tc nrfi` b 2588-m` obr tc
58. Fi tde gcaacwfi` tbnae, wdbt vbaue gcr i resuats fi b rest grck b speej
spee j cg 288 mk/d wftdfi b jfstbioe cg 55
tbnae sdcwfi` pergeot fijepeijeioe3 Dfit< ^eabtfve k3
grequeiofes kust ne equba. B. -5.2  28Y: I O. -0.2  28Y: I
N. -2.2  28Y: I J. -?.2  28Y: I
>8 58
?8 i 78. B prcleotfae fs gfrej wftd bi fiftfba speej cg 267 k/s
B. 05 O. 28 bt bi bi`ae ?8.8 bncve tde dcrfzcitba grck tde tcp cg
N. :8 J. 78 b oafgg 64.8k df`d. Jeterkfie tde tfke tc rebod
kbxfkuk def`dt.
52. Zde cverbaa trbom struoture gcr b rbfarcbj typfobaay B. 28.5 s O. 22.5 s
ocisfsts cg tde gcaacwfi` exoept cie. N. 28.8 s J. 22.8 s

F. _un`rbje FW. Zfes 72. Bi ei`fieer dbs reoefvej Xdp a8,888 grck dfs
FF. Nbaabst W. ^bfas ekpacyer gcr b pbteit jfsoacsure. De dbs jeofjej tc
FFF. _pfmes WF. ^bfa gbsteifi` fivest tde kciey fi b 25-yebr sbvfi`s oertfgfobte tdbt
B. W O. FW pbys 4% per yebr, ockpcuijej biiubaay. Pdbt wfaa
N. FFF J. WF ne tde gfiba vbaue cg dfs fivestkeit, fi terks cg
tcjby's pesc, figabtfci ocitfiues bt tde rbte cg 7% per
5>. Xbvekeit kbrmfi`s sdbaa ciay ne bppafej bij/cr yebr3
rekcvej ny SSSS. B. Xdp a:,>:>.72 O. Xdp 2?,>:>-72
B. AZC O. JXPD N. Xdp 25,>>:.72 J. Xdp 27,:>:.72
N. XIX J. JCZO
7>. Gfij tde sacpe-fiteroept gcrk gcr tde afie tdrcu`d X(5,
5?. Fijfreot Kbfa Fio. dbj neei kbfafi` cut ocupcis gcr b -0) tdbt fs perpeijfouabr tc tde afie 7x + ?y ; :.
oaebrbioe sbae bt b ocistbit rbte gcr : jbys, wdei tdey B. 26/> O. >/26
ocuitej tde ocupcis, tdey stfaa dbj kbfa cut bij N. ->/26 J. -26/>
jfsocverej tdey dbj 2>8,888 aegt. Bgter 0 tctba jbys cg
wcrm tdey dbj 05,888 aegt. Bt wdbt rbte bre tdey 7?. _duremb Pbsdnuri dbs socres 0>, 70, 4> bij 06 ci der
kbfafi` ocupcis cut3 ba`enrb tests. Use bi fiequbafty tc gfij tde socres sde
B. 22,888 ocupcis per jby kust tbme ci tde gfiba exbk tc pbss tde ocurse wftd
N. 2?,888 ocupcis
ocupcis per jby bi bverb`e cg 00 cr df`der, `fvei tdbt tde gfiba exbk
O. 20,888 ocupcis per jby ocuits bs twc test.
J. 25,888 ocupcis per jby B. `rebter tdbi cr equba tc 42
N. `rebter tdbi cr equba tc 52
5:. B greeay gbaafi` ncjy, stbrtfi` grck rest, gbaas 27 gt O. `rebter tdbi cr equba tc 72
jurfi` tde 2st seocij, :4 gt jurfi` tde >ij seocij, 48 J. `rebter tdbi cr equba tc 02
gt jurfi` tde ?rj seocij, eto. Obaouabte tde jfstbioe fg
gbaas jurfi` tde 25td seocij. 7:. B act dbs b grcitb`e cg 2>8 k. aci` baci` b rcbj. Zde
B. 7:: gt O. 57: gt ctder sfjes wdfod bre nctd perpeijfouabr tc tde rcbj
N. ::7 gt J. :7: gt bre 68 k. bij 78 k. respeotfveay. Ft fs jesfrej tc
sunjfvfje tde act fitc twc pbrts ny bictder
55. B re`uabr cotb`ci fs tc ne out cut grck b squbre perpeijfouabr afie tc tde rcbj suod tdbt tde breb cg
seotfci dbvfi` b sfje cg 27 k. Jeterkfie sfje cg tde tde act tdbt bjlcfis tde 68 k. sfje fs equba tc 2/? cg tde
cotb`ci. wdcae breb. Jeterkfie tde aei`td cg tde jfvfjfi` afie.
afie.
B. 7.7? O. ?.7: B. 00.4> k O. 7>.:7 k
N. :.47 J. 0.6> N. 6>.:7 k J. 42.>: k

57. Evbaubte tde afkft cg (x - 5)/(x>  - 2>x + ?5) bs x 75. Bi ei`fieer seaeots b sbkpae cg 5 fXcjs grck b
bpprcbodes 5. sdfpkeit cg 288 tdbt ocitbfis 5 jegeotfves. Gfij tde
B. fijeterkfibte O. 8.5 prcnbnfafty tdbt tde sbkpae ocitbfis bt aebst cie
N. -8.5 J. 8 jegeotfve.
B. 8.>? O. 8.4?
50. B nbaa ci tde eij cg b strfi` fs revcavej bt b uifgcrk N. 8.:? J. 8.7?
rbte fi b vertfoba ofroae cg rbjfus 0>.8 ok. Fg fts speej
fs :.88 k/s bij fts 8.?88 m`, obaouabte tde teisfci fi 77. Zde Acpez gbkfay fs nufajfi` b dcuse fi tde ocuitry
tde strfi` wdei tde nbaa fs bt tde tcp cg fts pbtd. ci :88 gt ny :88 gt act.
act. B teaepdcie pcae fs bt ocrier cg
Dfit< (G ; kb), (b^ ; W> / r) tde prcperty. Zde teaepdcie ockpbiy wfaa wfaa rui ic
B. ?.0? I, jcwiwbrj O. 6.7> I, upwbrj kcre tdbi >88 gt cg wfre wftdcut
wftdcut b pcae. Zde Acpez
N. ?.0? I, upwbrj J. 6.72 I, jcwiwbrj gbkfay wbits tc ne bs gbr nbom grck tde rcbj bs
pcssfnae, nut tdey jci‖t wbit tc ne rf`dt cg tde sfje
 act afie.
afie. Bssukfi` tdbt
tdbt tdey wfaa use >88 gt. cg je`ree cg tde gfrst ourve fs ??8‖, wdbt fs tde je`ree cg
teaepdcie wfre, Usfi` tde jfstbioe cg tde dcuse grck tde seocij ourve3
tde rcbj bs b guiotfci cg tde jfstbioe grck sfje act, B. 0.>0¸ O. 4.>2¸
gfij dcw gbr grck tde rcbj tdey wfaa ne fg tdey bre >8 N. 7.?>¸ J. 5.?:¸
gt grck tde act afie.
B. ?8 288 O. >? 46 0:. Fi tde _tbijbrj prbotfoe cg kebsurfi` vertfoba cr
zeiftd bi`aes, tde gcaacwfi` prbotfoes bre cg `rebt
N. 20 285 J. >8 66
fkpcrtbioe<
F.) Ne sure tde fistrukeit fs aevea
70. Ockpute tde jegaeotfci bi`ae bt tde eij pcfit cg tde FF.) _f`dt wftd tde vertfoba orcssdbfr
spfrba fg tde aei`td cg spfrba fs 48 k, wftd b je`ree cg FFF.) _f`dt exbotay ci tde tbr`et
ourve cg tde oeitrba ourve cg b spfrba ebsekeit ourve FW.) _f`dt jfreot bij reverse
cg 7.5¸. Pdfod stbijbrj prbotfoes bre true3
B. :.?? O. 7.?2¸ B. F ciay O. F, FFF & FW ciay
N. 5.:> J. 0.:>¸ N. Baa cg tde bncve J. F & FFF ciay

74. Fi trfbi`ae NOJ, NO ; >5 k bij OJ ; 28 k. Ockpute 05. Gfij tde vbave cg 28 >x+2 fg 28x ; :.
tde prcnbnae perfketer cg tde trfbi`ae. B. 248 O. 278
B. 70 O. 76 N. 205 J. 208
N. 77 J. 74

76. Zde iukner cg dcurs jbyaf`dt, J(t) bt b pbrtfouabr *** EIJ ***
tfke cg tde yebr obi ne bpprcxfkbtej ny J(t) ;
M   > 
sfi  ( t ∞ 06
0 6)  + 2>   gcr t jbys bij t ; 8
>  ?75  PB^IFI@< Gbfaure tc sunkft ycur Zest Ruestfcis
ocrrespcijfi` tc Lbiubry 2. Zde ocistbit m (Ockpaete) set wfaa obuse tde obioeaabtfci
jeterkfies tde tctba vbrfbtfci fi jby aei`td bij cg ycur Zest-^esuats gcr tde sunleot.
jepeijs ci tde abtftuje cg tde acobae. Pdei fs tde jby
aei`td tde aci`est, bssukfi` tdbt ft fs ICZ b aebp
yebr3
B. Jeoekner >8 O. Luie >8
N. Luie 26 J. Jeoekner 26

08. Jeterkfie tde speej cg scuij tdrcu`d b aci`

baukfiuk rcj bij tde wbveaei`td cg tde scuij
wbves prcjuoej ny b ::8 Dz Dz vfnrbtfci fi tde rcj. Zde
eabstfo kcjuaus cg baukfiuk fs 08.8  28Y6 I/k> bij
tde jeisfty fs >.08  28Y? m`/kY?. Dfit< W ; (E/p)Y»
(E/p)Y»
B. W ; 5888 k/s, wbveaei`td ; 25.2 k
N. W ; 5886 k/s,
k/s, wbveaei`td ; 55.2 k
O. W ; 5688 k/s, wbveaei`td ; 52.5 k
J. W ; 5868 k/s, wbveaei`td ; 22.5 k

02. Zc gf`dt b gcrest gfre, tde gcrest jry jepbrtkeit pabis

tc oaebr b reotbi`uabr gfre nrebm brcuij tde gfre.
Orews bre equfppej wftd kcnfae ockkuifobtfcis
wftd b ?,888-ybrj rbi`e. Obi orews bt pcfit B bij N
rekbfi fi rbjfc ocitbot3
B. Ic, neobuse twc orews bre >,588 ybrjs bpbrt, ft
fs kcre tdbi tde rbi`e cg tde rbjfcs.
N. Ves, neobuse twc orews bre >,688 ybrjs bpbrt, ft
fs aess tdbi tde rbi`e cg tde rbjfcs.
O. Ves, neobuse twc orews bre >,788 ybrjs bpbrt, ft
fs aess tdbi tde rbi`e cg tde rbjfcs.
J. Ic, neobuse twc orews bre >,788 ybrjs bpbrt, ft
fs kcre tdbi tde rbi`e cg tde rbjfcs.

0>. B afie kebsures 28,888 k bt bi bverb`e eaevbtfci cg

588 k. Fg tde bverb`e rbjfus
rbjfus cg ourvbture fi tde breb
fs 0,888 mk, jeterkfie tde seb aevea rejuotfci gbotcr.
Dfit< _eb aevea rejuotfci gbotcr ; (2 - d/^)
Pdere< d ; eaevbtfci,
eaevbtfci, ^ ; rbjfus
B. 8.6666>> O. 8.666666
N. 8.6666>6 J. 8.66666>

0?. Zde ockkci tbi`eit BN cg b ockpcuij ourve fs

4>.?> k. Zde bi`aes tde ockkci
ockkci tbi`eit kbmes wftd
tde tbi`eits tdrcu`d XO bij XZ cg tde ockpcuij
ourve bre >228‖ bij 25>8‖, respeotfveay. Fg tde
 DVJ^BUAFO_ BIJ @ECZEODIFOBA fitc b abyer cg pabstfo oaby `fvei tde gcaacwfi`
EI@FIEE^FI@ ocijftfcis<
_fze cg pfae< J ; 8.: k squbre
2. Evbaubte tde mfietfo eier`y cg b uift wef`dt cg wbter, Jeptd cg peietrbtfci fitc tde oaby abyer< A ; ?8 k
fi keters, gacwfi` bt 28 k/s3 Uiocigfiej ockpressfci strei`td qu cg tde oaby<
B. 8.0>2 O. 8.425 qu ; >88 mXb
N. 8.:?6 J. 8.5?: B. :48 O. :28
N. 678 J. ?>0
>. B ocdesfve scfa sbkpae wbs tbmei grck bi _XZ bij
tbmei tc tde abncrbtcry fi b `abss lbr. Ft wbs gcuij tc 6. Fi crjer tc prcvfje wbter grck b iebrny sprfi`, b
wef`d 2:5 `rbks. Zde sbkpae wbs tdei paboej fi b trfbi`uabr gauke cg eggfofeit orcss seotfci wbs
ocitbfier dbvfi` b vcauke W ; 588 ok? bij :>8 ok? prcvfjej ci b sacpe cg 8.25 peroeit. Bssukfi` tde
cg wbter were bjjej tc gfaa tde ocitbfier. Evbaubte tde rcu`diess oceggfofeit cg tde odbiiea equba tc 8.8>,
uift wef`dt cg tde scfa fi mI/k?. cntbfi tde jeptd cg gacw fi keter(s) cg tde wbter fi
B. 2:.2 O. 27.5 tde gauke fg ft fs jfsodbr`fi` bt tde rbte cg > ou.k./seo.
N. 20.4 J. 25.? Utfafze tde gcrkuab W;(2/i)^>/?_2/> gcr tde veacofty cg
gacw.
?. Fi boocrjbioe wftd tde Uifgfej _cfas Oabssfgfobtfci B. 2.45 O. 2.?2
_ystek, b scfa `rbfi dbvfi` b sfze `rebter tdbi Ic. >88 N. 2.00 J. 2.76
sfeve cpeifi` (8.80: kk) nut aess tdbi tdbt cg b Ic. :
sfeve (:.05 kk cpeifi`) fs obaaej 28. Fg tde `rcuij wbter tbnae fi b scfa gcrkbtfci rfses bs b
B. `rbvea O. ocnnae resuatfi` cg gaccjfi`, tde nebrfi` obpbofty cg tde scfa
N. pennae J. sbij B. jeorebses
N. jepeijs ci tde gcctfi` acbj
:. @fvei tde uift wef`dt cg bfr tc ne ocistbit bt 2> O. fiorebses
I/k?, jeterkfie tde bpprcxfkbte def`dt cg b J. uibggeotej
kcuitbfi, fi keters, fg b keroury nbrcketer bt fts
nbse rebjs 058 kk bij bt tde sbke fistbit bictder 22. B `rbiuabr scfa jepcsft fs ocisfjerej kejfuk jeise
nbrcketer bt tde tcp cg tde kcuitbfi rebjs ?88 kk. fg tde nacw ocuit cg b stbijbrj peietrbtfci test fs
B. 582? O. 588? netweei
N. 58>? J. 58?? B. cver 58 O. ?8 tc 58
N. 28 tc ?8 J. : tc 28
5. Bi experfkeit tc jeterkfie tde perkebnfafty cg b scfa
sbkpae wbs ocijuotej. Zde perkebketer fi b gbaafi` 2>. Fg b ocitbfier ocitbfifi` wbter 8.58 k jeep fs obrrfej
debj perkebnfafty test setup fivcaves b oyafijrfoba fisfje bi eaevbtcr tdbt booeaerbtes bt > k/seo>
scfa sbkpae 288 kk fi jfbketer bij b def`dt cg >88 evbaubte tde pressure, fi mXb, exertej ny tde wbter bt
kk. Zde dyjrbuafo debj fi tde 28-kk jfbketer tde nbse cg tde ocitbfier fg tde eaevbtcr fs trbveaafi`
stbijpfpe tdrcu`d wdfod tde test wbter pbssej jcwiwbrj.
jrcppej grck 2 keter tc 788 kk fi cie kfiute cg B. :.25 O. ?.62
cnservbtfci. Fi tdbt jurbtfci tde wbter ocaaeotej fi N. :.62 J. >.:5
tde `rbjubte wbs reocrjej bt >.8 afters. Grck tdese
jbtb evbaubte tde oceggfofeit cg perkebnfafty cg tde 2?. B oune, ?88 kk ci ebod sfje fs tc ne deaj fi
scfa sbkpae, fi ok/seo. equfafnrfuk uijer wbter ny bttbodfi` b af`dtwef`dt
B. 8.888>>: O. 8.882628 gcbk nucy tc ft. Zde speofgfo wef`dt cg tde oune bij
N. 8.882088 J. 8.882468 gcbk bre >8 mI/k? bij 8.42 mI/k?, respeotfveay.
Evbaubte tde kfifkuk vcauke cg tde gcbk requfrej,
req ufrej,
7. B rf`fj `bte cg b gaccj ocitrca struoture fi b rfver fs 7 fi k . Ie`aeot tde bttbodkeits fi tde obaouabtfcis.
?

k wfje ny : k df`d bij wef`ds 28 mI. Pftd fts B. 8.8:>7 O. 8.8?87

aci`er ej`e dcrfzcitba, ft fs kcvej up bij jcwi wftd N. 8.8550 J. 8.8>:>
fts sdcrt ej`e safjfi` fi vertfoba odbiiea `ufjes.
Evbaubte tde gcroe, fi mI, ieejej tc rbfse tde `bte 2:. Zde fiftfba vcfj rbtfc cg b abyer cg scgt oaby tdbt fs 7 k
wdei tde surgboe cg wbter fs > k bncve fts tcp ej`e. tdfom fs 8.5. Uijer b pressure cg surodbr`e acbj bncve
Zde oceggfofeit cg grfotfci netweei tde `bte bij tde ft, tde vcfj rbtfc jeorebsej ny cie-dbag. Evbaubte tde
odbiiea `ufjes fs 8.28. Ie`aeot tde nucybit eggeot cg rejuotfci fi tdfomiess cg tde oaby abyer, fi keter(s).
tde wbter ci tde `bte bij tde wef`dt cg tde obnaes B. >.58 O. 2.8
ociieotej tc tde `bte. N. ?.58 J. ?.8
B. 28: O. 228
N. 6: J. 6> 25. Zde seotcr `bte sdcwi fi GF@U^E DDG-2 ocisfsts cg
b oyafijrfoba surgboe, cg wdfod BN fs tde trboe. Zde
0. B tbim ocitbfifi` wbter dbs b tctba wef`dt cg 48 m` aei`td cg tde `bte, perpeijfouabr tc tde pbper, fs 28
wdei wef`dej. Cntbfi tde iew rebjfi` ci tde k. Evbaubte tde tctba dcrfzcitba gcroe ci tde `bte, fi
wef`dfi` sobae fg b 58 kk ny 58 kk pfeoe cg wccj fs mI.
deaj vertfobaay fi tde wbter tc b jeptd cg 788 kk.
B. 47.8 O. 4:.5 B. 2?>8 O. 2:68
N. 42.5 J. 4:.8 N. 2848 J. 2248

4. Evbaubte tde resfstfi` obpbofty, fi mI, b`bfist bxfba 27. B ocdesfciaess speofkei cg scfa uijer trfbxfba sdebr
acbj jue tc smfi grfotfci cg b ociorete pfae eknejjej test wbs ociscafjbtej uijer b odbkner ocigfifi`
pressure cg 78 mXb. Zde bxfba stress ci tde speofkei
 wbs tdei fiorebsej bij gbfaure stress coourrej wdei >:. Jeterkfie tde bi`ae cg fiteriba grfotfci cg tde sbij, fi
tde bxfba stress rebodej 2>8 mXb. Estfkbte tde bi`ae cg je`rees.
fiteriba grfotfci cg tde scfa, fi je`rees. B. ??.0 O. >0.:
B. 26.5 O. ?5.2 N. >>.: J. 26.4
N. >5.8 J. >8.>
>5. Jeterkfie tde bi`ae, fi je`rees, cg tde gbfaure pabie
20. Fitc b nbmery jcu`d kfxfi` odbkner wbter eiters bt wftd respeot tc tde dcrfzcitba pabie.
tde rbte cg >88 afters per seo tdrcu`d pfpe B. Occmfi` B. 58.5 O. ?8.0
cfa wftd speofgfo `rbvfty cg 8.48 fs gcroej fi bt 58 afters N. :8.7 J. 72.4
per seo tdrcu`d pfpe N. Bssukfi` tde afqufjs bre
fiockpressfnae bij gcrk b dckc`eiecus kfxture cg >7. Jeterkfie tde bxfba stress bppafej tc tde speofkei, fi
cfa `acnuaes fi wbter, evbaubte tde bverb`e
bverb `e veacofty cg mXb.
tde kfxture aebvfi` tdrcu`d pfpe O cg jfbketer ?88 B. >:> O. 2:>
kk, fi k/seo. N. 265 J. ?:5
B. ?.5: O. ?.07
N. ?.2> J. >.2: _ftubtfci : ‟ Fi crjer tc prcvfje frrf`btfci, wbter dbs tc
ne pukpej tc bi eaevbtfci 2>8 k tdrcu`d b 788 ‟ kk
_ftubtfci 2 - Boocrjfi` tc tde eabstfo tdecry, tde vertfoba pfpe wdere tde pressure requfrej bt tde df`der eaevbtfci
stress fijuoej ny b gaexfnae afie acbj cg figfifte aei`td tdbt fs 20> mXb. Zde scuroe cg tde wbter bij tde jfsodbr`e
dbs bi fiteisfty cg q uifts/aei`td ci tde surgboe cg b sekf- pcfit bre bt btkcspderfo pressure. Frrf`btfci
figfifte scfa kbss obi ne estfkbtej ny tde expressfci requfrekeits jfotbte tdbt wbter kust ne pukpej bt b rbte
cg 2 k?/s. Zde acss cg debj jue tc grfotfci bij ctder
p ; 8.7?0 q/I wdere I ; z]2 + (r/z)>[> gbotcrs fs estfkbtej tc ne >.:5 k.
r ; dcrfzcitba jfstbioe grck tde afie cg tde acbj
z ; jeptd cg fiterest bt wdfod stress fs fijuoej >0. Jeterkfie tde veacofty cg tde wbter fisfje tde pfpe gcr
tde requfrej jfsodbr`e.
B kbsciry wbaa wef`dfi` 7 mI per afieba keter fs obrrfej B. ?.5: O. :.>>
ny b wbaa gcctfi` 8.78 k wfje. N. >.25 J. 5.82

24. Evbaubte tde nebrfi` pressure fi mXb, exertej ny tde >4. Jeterkfie tde bkcuit cg eier`y, fi keters, tdbt tde
gcctfi` citc tde suppcrtfi` scfa. pukp kust gurifsd.
B. 27 O. 28 B. 48.0 O. 5>.5
N. 2: J. 2> N. 08.7 J. 72.0

26. Evbaubte tde stress fi mXb fi tde scfa obusej ny tde >6. Zde rbtfi` cg tde pukp fi dcrsepcwer fg ft fs ciay 48%
acbj bt b jeptd equba tc twfoe tde wfjtd cg tde gcctfi` eggfofeit.
nut jfreotay neacw tde kbsciry. B. 2878 O. 2868
B. 5.?2 O. :.:? N. 2808 J. 2848
N. 0.>5 J. 7.:0
_ftubtfci 5 ‟ B rf`dt ofrouabr oyafijer dbvfi` b jfbketer
>8. Evbaubte tde stress bt b jeptd cg > k bij b dcrfzcitba cg 2.88 k bij wef`dfi` 688 I fs deaj fi pcsftfci ny bi
jfstbioe cg ? k grck tde afie cg tde acbj. biodcr nacom suod tdbt 8.?8 k cg tde oyafijer fs neacw tde
B. 8.:?8 O. 8.774 surgboe cg tde wbter wftd fts bxfs vertfoba. Zde biodcr
N. 8.5?2 J. 8.?8> nacom dbs b vcauke cg 8.58 ounfo keter bij wef`ds >: mI
per ounfo keter fi bfr. Bssuke seb wbter tc dbve speofgfo
_ftubtfci > ‟ Bi cpei oyafijrfoba tbim 2 ‟ keter jfbketer `rbvfty ; 2.8?. Ie`aeotfi` tde wef`dt bij vcauke cg tde
ocitbfis wbter tc b jeptd cg ?.57 k. obnae.

>2. Fg tde tbim fs rctbtej bncut fts vertfoba bxfs bt b speej ?8. Evbaubte tde nucybit gcroe ci tde oyafijer gcr tde
cg 48 rpk, evbaubte tde aebst def`dt fi keters cg tde pcsftfci jesorfnej, fi mI.
vessea sc tdbt ic wbter wfaa ne spfaaej cut cg tde B. >.?4 O. :.>5
ocitbfier. N. >.65 J. >.25
B. ?.55 O. ?.>2
N. ?.40 J. :.82 ?2. Evbaubte tde teisfae gcroe fi tde wfre gcr tde `fvei
jrbgt, fi mI.
>>. Fg tde tbim fs : k tbaa bij fs rctbtej bt 2>8 rpk, cntbfi B. ?.>5 O. 2.65
dcw kuod wbter wfaa ne spfaaej cut, fi afters. N. ?.65 J. 2.:4
B. :5> O. :?:
N. :78 J. ::: ?>. Evbaubte tde rfse fi tde tfje tdbt wfaa afgt tde biodcr
grck tde ncttck cg tde seb, fi keters.
>?. Bt 2>8 rpk cg revcautfci, evbaubte tde `b`e pressure B. 8.:>5 O. 8.>05
bt tde oeiter cg tde nbse cg tde tbim. N. 8.?40 J. 8.264
B. >4.0 O. ?2.5
N. ?4.5 J. >5.2 _ftubtfci 7 ‟  @fvei tdbt tde gfeaj uift wef`dt cg b scfa
sbkpae fs 2788 m`/k?, tde uift wef`dt cg tde scfa `rbfis
_ftubtfci ? -   B trfbxfba sdebr test wbs pergcrkej ci b >588 m`/k?  bij tde kcfsture ociteit cg tde scfa fs 2>
weaa-jrbfiej sbij sbkpae. Zde icrkba stress ci tde peroeit.
gbfaure pabie bij tde sdebrfi` stress ci tde gbfaure pabie
were jeterkfiej tc ne 7? mXb bij :> mXb, respeotfveay.
??. Evbaubte tde vcfj rbtfc cg tde scfa sbkpae. _ftubtfci 6 ‟ B ocrier bt tde ncttck cg tde orcss seotfci
B. 8.5?: O. 8.058 cg b tbim fs sdcwi fi GF@U^E DDG ‟ >. Zde tbim fs > k
N. 8.40? J. 8.7:7 wfje fitc tde pabie cg tdfs pbper. Ie`aeotfi` btkcspderfo
pressure, evbaubte
?:. Evbaubte tde je`ree cg sbturbtfci, fi peroeit.
B. :8.8 O. ?5.7 :>. Zde tctba dcrfzcitba gcroe ci tde ocrier pabte BN, fi
N. :>.? J. 54.7 mI.
B. ::: O. ?6:
?5. Evbaubte fts uift wef`dt wdei ft neockes jry, fi N. 528 J. ?>:
mI/k?.
B. 25.7 O. 20.? :?. Zde tctba vertfoba gcroe ci tde ocrier pabte BN, fi mI.
N. 2:.8 J. 27.4 B. ::: O. ?>:
N. 528 J. ?6:
_ftubtfci 0 -  B reotbi`uabr gcctfi`, ? k x : k fi pabi, fs
gcuijej 2.> k neacw tde `rcuij surgboe gcr wdfod tde ::. Zde resuatbit gcroe botfi` ci tde pabte BN, fi mI
nuam uift wef`dt cg tde scfa fs >8 mI/k?, tde ocdesfci B. ?6: O. :54
strei`td fs 28 mXb, bij tde bi`ae cg fiteriba grfotfci fs >8 N. 528 J. :2>
je`. Uijer tde ocijftfci cg `eierba sdebr gbfaure,
evbaubte tde ocitrfnutfci cg tde gcaacwfi` tc tde uatfkbte _ftubtfci 28 ‟ Bgter >: dcurs cg pukpfi` bt 58 afters/seo,
nebrfi` obpbofty, fi mXb. tde wbter aevea fi bi cnservbtfci weaa bt b jfstbioe 288 k
grck tde test weaa fs acwerej 8.5 k. Bt bictder
Zde `rcuij wbter tbnae fs bt b aevea tdbt jces ict bggeot cnservbtfci weaa acobtej 58 k grck tde test weaa, tde
tde uift wef`dt cg tde scfa. wbter aevea jrcppej ny 2.8 k.
Use Zerzb`df's nebrfi` obpbofty gbotcrs.
Use tde tbnae neacw< :5. Estfkbte tde rbte cg gacw fi ounfo keters per jby.
B. :?>8 O. 52?8
N. :468 J. :578

:7. Evbaubte tde oceggfofeit cg perkebnfafty cg tde bqufger

fi keters per jby.
B. ?7.? O. ::.5
N. >8.2 J. 54.?

:0. Ockpute tde trbiskfssfnfafty cg tde bqufger fi squbre

sq ubre
keters per jby.
?7. Ocdesfci strei`td B. 22:8 O. 2848
B. >56 O. >40 N. 65? J. 2>78
N. >?8 J. >?5
_ftubtfci 22 ‟ Gf`ure _K_O-2 sdcws tde sfeve bibaysfs cg
?0. _cfa cvernurjei scfa sbkpaes B, N bij O. _ee odbrt UO_ 84-2 bij Gf`ure
B. 245 O. >56 _K_O-2.
N. >:0 J. 206
:4. Oabssfgy scfa B fi boocrjbioe wftd tde Uifgfej _cfas
?4. Gcctfi` jfkeisfci Oabssfgfobtfci _ystek.
B. 55.8 O. 65.:
N. 40.: J. 74.8 B. _K O. _X
J. _O J. _P
_ftubtfci 4 -   B retbfifi` wbaa 2> k dbs b dcrfzcitba
nbomgfaa ci fts vertfoba gboe tc fts nbse. Uijer icrkba :6. Oabssfgy scfa N fi boocrjbioe wftd tde Uifgfej _cfas
ocijftfci, tde nbomgfaa dbs b wbter ociteit cg 28% bij b Oabssfgfobtfci _ystek.
vcfj rbtfc cg 8.5. Zde speofgfo `rbvfty cg tde scfa `rbfis fs B. _X O. _K
>.58 bij tde bi`ae cg fiteriba
fiteriba ^bimfie‖s tdecry cg abterba N. _O J. _P
ebrtd pressure.
58. Oabssfgy scfa O fi boocrjbioe wftd tde Uifgfej _cfas
?6. Evbaubte tde tctba dcrfzcitba abterba gcroe per keter Oabssfgfobtfci _ystek.
wfjtd cg wbaa, fi mI, jue tc tde wbter. B. @ O. K
B. 788 O. 428 N. _ J. O
N. 5>8 J. 087
*** EIJ ***
:8. Evbaubte tde tctba dcrfzcitba abterba gcroe per keter
wfjtd cg wbaa, fi mI, jue tc tde scfa.
B. >47 O. >>5 PB^IFI@< Gbfaure tc sunkft ycur Zest Ruestfcis
N. >58 J. >>8 (Ockpaete) set wfaa obuse tde obioeaabtfci
cg ycur Zest-^esuats gcr tde sunleot.
:2. Dcw kbiy tfkes wcuaj tde dcrfzcitba abterba gcroe
ne fiorebsej fg tde nbomgfaa fs guaay sbturbtej wftd rbfi
wbter3
B. 2.5: O. 2.75
N. 2.?7 J. 2.87
 _Z^UOZU^BA EI@FIEE^FI@ BIJ n ; ?58 kk
OCI_Z^UOZFCI Eggeotfve Ocver tc tde Oeitrcfj cg Bs ; 48 kk
Eggeotfve
Eggeotfve Ocver tc tde Oeitrcfj cg Bs‖ ; 08 kk
_ftubtfci 2 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _BK 24.8>6 bij Gf`ure ^O-:.
Nebk JEG fs suppcrtej ny spbijrea nebks bt tde exterfcr 0. Obaouabte tde kckeit obpbofty (mI-k) cg tde seotfci,
ej`es bij ny b ocauki bt E. Zde tcrsfciba resfstbioe cg Ku.
nebks BJ@ bij OGF bre ict suggfofeit tc restrbfi nebk B. 72> O. :2?
JEG bt J bij bt G. N. :?2 J. 748

@fvei< 4. Obaouabte tde sdebr strei`td prcvfjej ny tde sdebr

Gcr baa nebks, n x d ; ?88 kk x :58 kk refigcroekeit, Ws.
Gcr baa ocaukis, _eotfci ; :88 kk x :88 kk B. 088 O. 7:7
A2 ;4k N. :4: J. 5>5
A> ;0k
_ ; >.5 k 6. Obaouabte tde ickfiba sdebr strei`td cg tde seotfci,
Jebj Acbj, wu ; 7.8 mXb (baa wef`dts fioaujej) Wi (mI).
Afve Acbj, wu ; :.7 mXb B. 5?0 O. 088
N. 448 J. 4>7
2. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde orftfoba ie`btfve
kckeit (mI-k) gcr nebk JEG3 _ftubtfci : ‟  Zde nbsfo jbtb gcr prcpcrtfcifi` trfba
B. 74.6 O. 78.> nbtodes gcr icrkba wef`dt ociorete wftd bi bverb`e
N. :>.: J. ?4.4 ockpressfve strei`td cg ?5 KXb bt >4 jbys bre bs gcaacws<

>. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde orftfoba pcsftfve _aukp ; 05 kk tc 288 kk
kckeit (mI-k) gcr nebk JEG3 Pbter-Oekeit rbtfc ny wef`dt ; 8.:4
B. ::.? O. :6.? _peofgfo `rbvfty cg oekeit ; ?.25
N. ?4.4 J. 57.: _peofgfo `rbvfty cg ocbrse b``. ; >.74
_peofgfo `rbvfty cg gfie b``. ; >.7:
?. Jeterkfie tde orftfoba sdebr gcroe (mI) gcr nebk JEG. Pbter (iet kfxfi`) ; 248 m`/k?
B. :?.7 O. :8.5 Eitrbppej bfr ; 2%
N. :7.7 J. :4.4 Ociorete uift wef`dt ; >?.7 mI/k?

_ftubtfci > ‟ B :58 kk x :58 kk x 24 k aci` preobst 28. Pdbt fs tde tctba scafj vcauke cg wbter, oekeit,
ociorete pfae fs tc ne afgtej grck tde obstfi` nej. ocbrse b``re`bte bij eitrbppej bfr, fg tde jry wef`dt
cg ocbrse b``re`bte fs 28.2 mI/k?3
:. Zde pfae fs afgtej dcrfzcitbaay bt twc pcfits. Bt wdbt B. 8.?4 O. 8.2>
equba jfstbioe (k) grck tde eijs sdcuaj tde pfae ne N. 8.>: J. 8.76
deaj sc tdbt tde resuatfi` neijfi` stress fs tde aebst
pcssfnae3 22. Gcr 28 k?  cg ociorete, dcw kuod oekeit (mI) fs
B. >.>5 O. ?.0? ieejej3
N. >.50 J. ?.28 B. 50.2 O. ?7.4
N. 24.: J. 6.4
5. Bt wdbt equba jfstbioe (k) grck tde eijs sdcuaj tde
pfae ne afgtej dcrfzcitbaay sc tdbt tde resuatfi` sdebr 2>. Fg tde ocknfiej scafj vcauke cg oekeit, wbter, ocbrse
stress fs skbaaest3 b``re`bte bij eitrbppej bfr fs 8.55 k?, wdbt wef`dt
B. :.5 O. >.2 (mI) cg jry sbij fs requfrej3
N. >.7 J. ?.8 B. 2?.8 O. >5.6
N. 27.: J. 22.7
7. Zde pfae fs afgtej dcrfzcitbaay bt 2.4 k grck ebod eij.
Gfij tde kbxfkuk kckeit (mI-k) jue tc fts cwi _ftubtfci 5 ‟ B tdree-stcry nufajfi` dbs fiterfcr ocaukis
wef`dt. Uift wef`dt cg ociorete fs >:> : mI/k?. spboej 4 k bpbrt fi twc perpeijfouabr jfreotfcis.
B. 267.4 O. 2>7.8
N. 224.2 J. 205.8 @fvei<
Jesf`i Acbjs
_ftubtfci ? ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. ONK 28.2? bij Gf`. ^O-5. Zde ^ccg JA ; 5.8 mXb
nebk refigcroekeit gcr tde ie`btfve kckeit bt tde Gaccr JA (typfoba ebod gaccr) ; 0.8 mXb
ocauki suppcrt fs sdcwi. ^ccg AA ; 8
?rj Gaccr AA ; >.: mXb
@fvei< >ij Gaccr AA ; 7.8 mXb
Bs ; 7 cg >4 kk jfbketer nbrs
Bs‖ ; : cg >4 kk jfbketer nbrs Fi boocrjbioe wftd I_OX prcvfsfcis, rejuoej jesf`i
Ociorete >4td jby Ockpressfve _trei`td, go‖ ; ?: KXb gaccr afve acbj, A ; Ac (8.>5 + :.50/ B f )
^efigcrofi` _teea Vfeaj _trei`td, gy2 ; :25 KXb gcr kbfi
wdere<
nbrs
Ac ; uirejuoej afve acbj
^efigcrofi` _teea Vfeaj _trei`td, gyv ; >05 KXb gcr tde tfes
Bf ; : x trfnutbry breb gcr b ocauki
Zfes ; 2> kk jfbketer bt 288 kk ci oeiter spbofi`
Jfkeisfcis<
Nbsej ci tde trfnutbry breb cg bi fiterfcr ocauki,
d2 ; 288 kk
d> ; 588 kk
2?. Pdbt fs tde tctba bxfba acbj (mI) ci b ocauki bt tde >8. Ocver pabtes 258 kk wfje x 2> kk tdfom bre bjjej.
seocij-gaccr aevea jue tc servfoe AA3 Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde baacwbnae bxfba acbj
B. 4>.? O. 27:.5 (mI)3
N. 07.4 J. 25?.7 B. 2:8: O. 787
N. 27?5 J. 2>?8
2:. Pdbt fs tde tctba bxfba acbj (mI) ci b ocauki bt tde
`rcuij gaccr aevea jue tc servfoe AA3 >2. Obaouabte tde orftfoba nuomafi` acbj (mI) fg tdere bre
B. >74.4 O. >44.? ic ocver pabtes.
N. 5?0.7 J. :77.? B. 20>5 O. 660
N. ?668 J. 7688
25. Pdbt fs tde tctba jebj acbj (mI) ci b ocauki bt tde
`rcuij gaccr aevea3 _ftubtfci 4 ‟ B 2>k aci` nebk fs sfkpay suppcrtej bt tde
t de
B. 247: O. 6?> aegt eij bij fs gfxej bt tde rf`dt eij. Ft fs sunleotej tc
N. 274> J. 2>27 uifgcrkay jfstrfnutej acbjs.

_ftubtfci 7 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _OK 28.80 bij Gf`. _B-2. B obr Jebj Acbj, w ; 27.0 MI/k.
dft b tunuabr steea pcst bt N. Zde pcst fs gfxej tc tde `rcuij Neijfi` fs bncut tde kblcr T-bxfs.
bt B.
@fvei<
@fvei< _eotfci P5:8 kk x 258 m`/k
Gcroe grck tde Obr, X ; 205 mI Breb, B ; 26,>>5 kk>
_eotfci cg tde Xcst ; ?88 kk x ?88 kk Jeptd, j ; 5:8 kk.
Zdfomiess cg tde Xcst ; 2> kk Gabi`e Pfjtd, ng ; ?28 kk
Kcjuaus cg Eabstfofty, E ; >88 @Xb Pen Zdfomiess, tw ; 2>.5 kk
D2 ; 2.5 k Gabi`e Zdfomiess, tg ; >8 kk
D> ; 2.8 k Eabstfo _eotfci Kcjuaus, _x ; ?.0> x 287 kk?
Eabstfo _eotfci Kcjuaus, _y ; 8.77 x 287 kk?
27. Dcw kuod fs tde jegaeotfci (kk) bt pcfit N3 Xabstfo Kcjuaus, \x ; :.2: T 287 kk?
B. 2.5? O. 5.25 Xabstfo Kcjuaus, \y ; 2.82 x 287 kk?
N. 2:.54 J. :.74 _truoturba _teea, Gy ; ?:5 KXb
Kcjuaus cg Eabstfofty, E ; >88 @Xb
20. Pdbt fs tde resuatfi` jfspaboekeit (kk) bt pcfit O3
B. >?.4 O. >4.7 >>. Nbsej ci tde jesf`i gaexurba strei`td cg tde nebk,
N. 2>.6 J. 28.? Ku, wdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde kbxfkuk afve
acbj (mI/k) ft obi obrry3 Gbotcrej Acbj
24. Pdbt fs tde resuatfi` kbxfkuk neijfi` stress Ocknfibtfci, U ; 2.>J + 2.7A, ^esfstbioe Gbotcr gcr
(KXb)3 Gaexure, pdf ; 8.6
B. 7:5 O. ?:: B. 56.?2 O. ?>.22
N. >87 J. ?40 N. 52.?4 J. ?0.80

_ftubtfci 0 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _OK 28.85 bij Gf` _B-7. Zwc >?. Nbsej ci tde jesf`i sdebr strei`td cg tde nebk, Wu,
odbiieas weajej bt tde tfp cg tdefr gabi`es gcrk b nufat-up dcw kuod fs tde kbxfkuk afve acbj (mI/k) tdbt tde
ocauki. Zc strei`tdei tde ocauki, ocver pabtes bre nebk obi ne sunleotej tc3 Gbotcrej Acbj
bjjej bt tde tcp bij bt tde ncttck gabi`es. Ocknfibtfci, U ; 2.>J + 2.7A, ^esfstbioe Gbotcr gcr
_debr, pdf ; 2.8, _debr _tress bt Gbotcrej Acbjs, Wu ;
Uisuppcrtej Ocauki Def`dt ; 6 k 8.7Gy
Zde ocauki fs nrboej b`bfist sfjeswby fi nctd jfreot fcis. B. 247.? O. 20>.5
Ocauki eijs bre gfxej, M ; 8.5 N. 28?.6 J. 277.?

@fvei< >:. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde kbxfkuk servfoe

_eotfci Xrcpertfes cg tde Odbiiea afve acbj (mI/k) ci tde nebk nbsej ci bi baacwbnae
Breb, B ; :5>6 kk> jegaeotfci jue tc afve acbj cg 2/?78 cg tde spbi3
Jeptd, j ; >>6 kk B. 72.>7 O. 280.42
Gabi`e Pfjtd, ng ; 40 kk N. 7>.?6 J. 5>.8
Gabi`e Zdfomiess, tg ; 2: kk
Pen Zdfomiess, tw ; 28 kk _ftubtfci 6 ‟ Zde uisuppcrtej def`dt cg b spfrba ocauki
Kckeit cg Fiertfb, Fx ; ?5.: x 287 kk: neit fi sfi`ae ourvbture bij nrboej b`bfist sfjeswby fs
Kckeit cg Fiertfb, Fy ; ?.8 x 287 kk: >.4 k. ft dbs b jfbketer cg 788 kk. Ocauki eijs bre
^bjfus cg @yrbtfci, ry ; 44.: kk pfiiej.
^bjfus cg @yrbtfci, rx ; >5.7 kk
Jfstbioe grck tde Nbom cg tde @fvei<
Pen tc tde V-bxfs, x ; >:.6 kk Bxfba Acbjs bt _ervfoe Ocijftfci
Kcjuaus cg Eabstfofty, E ; >88 @Xb XJA ; ?888 mI
XAA ; 2488 mI
26. Pftdcut ocver pabtes, wdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves XER ; :>8 mI
tde baacwbnae bxfba acbj (mI) fi tde ocauki3 Ociorete, go‖ ; ?: KXb
B. 466 O. 22:2 _teea, gy ; :25 KXb
N. 065 J. 28:5 _trei`td ^ejuotfci gbotcr gcr
_pfrba Ocaukis fi Ockpressfci ; 8.05
U ; 2.>J + 2.8A + 2.:E ?>. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde ickfiba nbabioej
acbj, Xn (mI)3
>5. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde saeijeriess rbtfc cg @fvei<
tde ocauki3 Zde jeptd cg tde reotbi`uabr ociorete ockpressfve
B. :.0 O. 24.0 stress nacom, b ; 68.: kk
N. 6.? J. 25.7 B. >54: O. 65:
N. >8>4 J. 2?>8
>7. Dcw kbiy ?> kk nbrs bre ieejej tc prcvfje b steea
rbtfc cg >.5%3 ??. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde ickfiba bxfba acbj
B. 2> O. 24 (mI) tdbt tde ocauki obi obrry bt bi eooeitrfofty cg
N. 25 J. 6 >88 kk baci` tde x-bxfs grck tde oeitrcfjba y-bxfs3
B. 2?>8 O. 067
>0. Obaouabte tde iukner cg >5 kk jfbketer nbrs N. ?64 J. 254:
requfrej gcr tde uatfkbte bxfba acbj.
B. 0 O. 7 _ftubtfci 2> ‟ B sfkpay suppcrtej steea nebk spbis 6 k.
N. 4 J. 6 Ft obrrfes b uifgcrkay jfstrfnutej acbj cg 28 mI/k, nebk
wef`dt barebjy fioaujej.
_ftubtfci 28 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. GJIK 28.8?. Zde pfae gcctfi`
suppcrts b ocauki 788 kk x 788 kk bt tde oeiter. Zde @fvei<
pfaes bre preobst ociorete wftd ?88 kk jfbketer. Nebk Xrcpertfes<
Breb ; 4,5?8 kk>
@fvei< Jeptd ; ?87 kk
Iet Acbj ci tde Gcctfi` bt Uatfkbte Ocijftfci Gabi`e Pfjtd ; >8: kk
Xu ; 2488 mI Gabi`e Zdfomiess ; 2:.7 kk
Ku ; 275 mI-k bncut tde x-bxfs Kckeit cg Fiertfb, Fx ; 2:5 x 287 kk:
Eggeotfve jeptd cg tde Gcctfi` ; 788 kk Kcjuaus cg Eabstfofty, E ; >88 @Xb

Jfkeisfcis< ?:. Pdbt fs tde kbxfkuk gaexurba stress (KXb) fi tde

b ; 8.4 k nebk3
n ; 2.4 k B. 280 O. 2:>
o ; 2.> k N. 5: J. 02
j ; 8.4 k
?5. Zc preveit exoessfve jegaeotfci, tde nebk fs prcppej
_trei`td ^ejuotfci Gbotcr bt kfjspbi usfi`
usfi` b pfpe
pfpe ocauki. Gfij tde resuatfi`
Gcr _debr ; 8.05 bxfba stress (KXb) fi tde ocauki.
Gcr Kckeit ; 8.68 @fvei<
Ocauki Xrcpertfes<
>4. Gfij tde puiodfi` sdebr stress (KXb) brcuij tde Cutsfje Jfbketer ; >88 kk
squbre ocauki. Zdfomiess ; 28 kk
B. 8.557 O. 8.4?? Def`dt ; :k
N. 8.0:2 J. 8.45: B. :.0 O. 24.4
N. 6.: J. >.4
>6. Gfij tde orftfoba nebk sdebr stress (KXb).
B. 8.>44 O. 8.??? ?7. Dcw kuod fs tde kbxfkuk neijfi` stress (KXb) fi
N. 8.?4: J. 8.>58 tde prcppej nebk3
B. >7.0 O. 25.8
?8. Gfij tde orftfoba jesf`i kckeit (mI-k). N. 20.4 J. ?5.7
B. :72 O. 5:8
N. 76> J. 788 _ftubtfci 2? ‟ B steea tbim dbs jfbketer cg ?.5 k bij wbaa
tdfomiess cg 7 kk. Zde tbim fs :k df`d.
_ftubtfci 22 ‟  Jetbfas cg b reotbi`uabr ocauki bre bs
gcaacws< ?0. Jeterkfie tde kbxfkuk def`dt tc wdfod tde tbim
kby ne gfaaej wftd wbter fg tde baacwbnae stress fs 5
Ocauki wfjtd baci` tde x-bxfs ; >58 kk KXb.
Ocauki jeptd baci` tde y-bxfs ; 788 kk B. 2.05 O. 2.?8
^efigcroekeit< N. ?.58 J. 8.78
4 cg >5 kk jfbketer nbrs jfstrfnutej equbaay baci` tde
aci`er sfjes ?4. Zde steea tbim fs sunleotej tc bi fiteriba pressure cg
28 kk jfbketer tfes spboej bt 28 kk ci oeiters 8.5 KXb. Gfij tde baacwbnae
baacwbnae nurstfi` gcroe (mI)
(mI) per
Ociorete >4td jby Ockpressfve _trei`td, go‖ ; >8.0 KXb uift aei`td.
^efigcrofi` _teea Vfeaj _trei`td, gy ; :25 KXb B. 205 O. ?58
Bssuke tdbt tde ockpressfci steea yfeajs. N. 558 J. :42

?2. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde acobtfci cg tde ?6. Zde stress fs afkftej tc 2> KXb. Gfij tde baacwbnae
baacwbnae
pabstfo oeitrcfj (kk) baci` tde `ecketrfo oeitrcfjba fiteriba pressure (KXb).
x-bxfs grck tde `ecketrfo oeitrcfjba y-bxfs3 B. 8.87> O. 8.8>4
B. 8 O. 288 N. 8.8:2 J. 8.84>
N. >88 J. 2>5
_ftubtfci 2: ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _B->. B tdree (?) spbi nebk fs Xrcpertfes cg tde @frjer<
sfkpay suppcrtej bt b, n, o, bij j. Breb, B ; 26,>>7 kk>
Jeptd, j ; 5:8 kk
@fvei< Gabi`e Pfjtd, ng ; ?2> kk
JA ; 24.8 mI/k Gabi`e Zdfomiess, tg ; >8 kk
AA ; 22.5 mI/k Pen Zdfomiess, tw ; 2> kk
_pbi, a ; 4k Eabstfo _eotfci Kcjuaus, _x ; ?.0> x 287 kk?
Ocisfjer pbtteri acbjfi` cg afve acbj gcr kbxfkuk Xabstfo _eotfci Kcjuabs, \x ; :.2:x287 kk?
stresses. ^t ; 4? kk
_teea Vfeaj _tress, Gy ; ?:: KXb
:8. Gfij tde kbxfkuk rebotfci (mI) bt o. On ; 2.8
B. >74.4 O. 266.4 Gbotcrej Acbj, U ; 2.>J + 2.7A
N. >56.7 J. >86.8
:7. Zde ockpressfci gabi`e cg tde `frjer fs suppcrtej
:2. Dcw kuod fs tde kbxfkuk sdebr (mI) bt o3 ciay bt kfjspbi. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde
B. 2:5.7 O. 2:?.> baacwbnae gaexurba stress, Gn (KXb)3
N. 2:8.8 J. 2:2.7 B. >87 O. >>0
N. 244 J. 2::
:>. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde kbxfkuk kckeit
(mI-k) bt o3 :0. Dcw kuod fs tde gaexurba stress (KXb) bt servfoe
B. >84.8 O. 244.4 acbjs3
N. >82.2 J. >>8.? B. 275 O. 2:6
N. 280 J. 226
_ftubtfci 25 ‟ B nebk rests ci b ociorete wbaa ?88 kk
wfje bij wftd >0.5 KXb ockpressfve strei`td, go'. ^eger :4. Pdbt fs tde kbxfkuk gaexurba stress (KXb) bt
tc Gf`. _ZOI 24.8>5 uatfkbte acbj3
B. 226 O. 280
@fvei< N. 2:6 J. 275
Nebk Xrcpertfes
Jeptd, j ; :58 kk _ftubtfci 20 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _KI 28.22. Zde stresses fi b
Gabi`e Pfjtd, ng ; 268 kk nbr sunleotej tc uifbxfba stress fs pacttej bs sdcwi.
Gabi`e Zdfomiess, tg ; 24 kk :6. Gfij tde breb (ok>) cg tde nbr fg ft fs botej ci ny b
Pen Zdfomiess, tw ; 28 kk teisfae gcroe cg 2>8 mI.
Zde orftfoba seotfci gcr B. ?8.8 O. 28.8
neijfi` fi nebrfi` pabtes N. 0.5 J. 25.8
fs bt b jfstbioe m, grck tde
oeitrcfjba V-bxfs< m ; ?5 kk 58. Gfij tde icrkba stress (KXb) ci b pabie fioafiej bt >5
je`rees grck tde dcrfzcitba.
Baacwbnae _tresses B. ?.4 O. >5.0
_teea Vfeaj _tress, Gy ; >:4 KXb N. 2:.? J. 6.:
Nebrfi` _tress ci _uppcrt, Gp ; 8.?5go'
Neijfi` _tress ci Xabte, Gn ; 8.05 Gy 52. Gfij tde sdebr stress (KXb) ci b pabie fioafiej bt >5
Nebk Eij ^ebotfci ; >:8 mI je`rees grck tde jfreotfci cg acbjfi`.
B. 27.6 O. >5.0
:?. Jeterkfie tde requfrej aei`td cg nebrfi` pabte (kk) N. ?8.7 J. 2:.?
fg tde wfjtd fs >58 kk.
B. 288 O. >88 _ftubtfci 24 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _BK 28.87.
N. :88 J. ?88
@fvei<
::. Usfi` b nebrfi` pabte wftd jfkeisfcis >58 kk wfje P2 ; >88 mI/k
x >88 kk aei`td baci` tde wbaa, jeterkfie tde P> ; ?88 mI/k
requfrej nebrfi` pabte tdfomiess (kk). A2 ; >k
B. >5 O. ?7 A> ; ?k
N. ?> J. >4 A? ; >k

:5. Jeterkfie tde wen yfeajfi` stress (KXb) wdfod 5>. Obaouabte tde tctba aei`td, A (k), sc tdbt tde resuatfi`
coours bt b jfstbioe (I +>.5m) wdere I fs tde aei`td stress, q, fs uifgcrk.
cg tde nebrfi` pabte. Zde nebrfi` pabte fs >58 kk wfje B. 28 O. 2>
x >88 kk aci` baci` tde wbaa. N. 6 J. 4
B. 277 O. 2::
N. 2>4 J. 4? 5?. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde acobtfci (k) cg tde
kbxfkuk sdebr grck tde aegt eij3
_ftubtfci 27 ‟ B sfkpay suppcrtej `frjer spbis 28 k. Ft B. :.8 O. 5.8
obrrfes tde gcaacwfi` servfoe acbjs bt kfjspbi< N. 7.8 J. :.5

Zctba Jebj Acbj, J ; 4> mI 5:. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde acobtfci (k) cg tde
Afve Acbj, A ; 00 mI pcfit cg figaeotfci grck tde aegt eij3
B. 2.>: O. 5.27
@fvei< N. 7.>4 J. ?.>8
_ftubtfci 26 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. EKK 25.?0.
25 .?0. Gaexfnae obnaes OG 75. @fvei<
bij JE nrboe tde truss bt fts oeitrba pbiea. Zctba Wertfoba Acbj, X ; 5:8 mI
^esfstfi` Kckeit ; 2,848 mI-k
@fvei< d ; :k Zde gcctfi` wfjtd fs : k. Dcw kuod fs tde baacwbnae
s ; ?k cverturifi` kckeit (mI-k) suod tdbt tdere wfaa ne
P ; ?8 mI ic teisfae stress fi tde gcctfi`3
B. ?78 O. 0>8
N. 5:8 J. 2848
55. Gfij tde resuatfi` gcroe fi kekner OJ (mI).
B. 25.8 Z O. 0.5 O
77. @fvei<
N. 0.5 Z J. 25.8 O
^esfstfi` Kckeit ; 6:5 mI-k
Cverturifi` Kckeit ; ?25 mI-k
57. Gfij wdfod jfb`ciba fs botfi` bij tde gcroe (mI) fi ft.
Zctba Wertfoba Acbj ; :58 mI
B. 2>.5 OG O. >5.8 JE
Gcctfi` wfjtd ; :.> k
N. 2>.5 JE J. >5.8 OG
Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde kbxfkuk scfa
pressure (KXb)3
50. Pdbt fs tde resuatfi` gcroe fi kekner NJ (mI)3
B. >2: O. 280
B. >5.8 O O. 2>.5 Z
N. 272 J. ?>2
N. >5.8 Z J. 2>.5 O
_ftubtfci >? ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _B-2. B obitfaever nebk, ?.5
_ftubtfci >8 ‟ B sfkpay suppcrtej nebk dbs b spbi cg 2>
k aci`, obrrfes b ocioeitrbtej acbj, X, bt kfj-aei`td.
k. Zde nebk obrrfes b tctba uifgcrkay jfstrfnutej acbj cg
>2.5 mI/k.
@fvei<
X ; >88 mI
54. Zc preveit exoessfve jegaeotfci, b suppcrt fs bjjej bt
Nebk Kcjuaus cg Eabstfofty, E ; >88 @Xb
kfjspbi. Obaouabte tde
tde resuatfi` kckeit (mI-k) bt
Nebk Kckeit cg Fiertfb, F ; 78.4 x 287 kk:
tde bjjej suppcrt.
B. 7:.5 O. >54.8
70. Dcw kuod fs tde jegaeotfci (kk) bt kfjaei`td3
N. 67.4 J. 47.8
B. 2.4: O. >?.58
N. >6.:8 J. 2:.08
56. Obaouabte tde resuatfi` kbxfkuk pcsftfve kckeit
(mI-k) wdei b suppcrt fs bjjej bt kfjspbi.
74. Pdbt gcroe (mI) sdcuaj ne bppafej bt tde gree eij tc
B. 67.05 O. 284.4:
preveit jegaeotfci3
N. 5:.:> J. 00.:8
B. 0.4 O. 7>.5
N. :2.0 J. 288.8
78. Obaouabte tde rebotfci (mI) bt tde bjjej suppcrt.
B. :4.?4 O. >54.8
76. Zc afkft tde jegaeotfci bt kfj-aei`td tc 6.5 kk, dcw
N. 67.05 J. 48.7>
kuod gcroe (mI) sdcuaj ne bppafej bt tde gree eij3
B. 5:.2 O. 2>6.?
_ftubtfci >2 ‟ Gf`ure EKI 2>.?2 sdcws tde broder bfkfi`
N. 07.4 J. 7:.08
tc reaebse tde brrcw. Bs tde broder puaas tde ocrj wftd dfs
rf`dt brk, de bppafes b gcroe cg 5:8 I wftd dfs aegt brk. _ftubtfci >: ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. _ZOIK 28.8>8

@fvei< b ; >88 kk @fvei<

n ; ?88 kk P ; >.: mI
o ; ?88 kk A2 ; 2.> k
A> ; 2.> k
A? ; 2.> k
72. Obaouabte tde resuatfi` teisfci fi tde upper ocrj.
_trut NO ; 05 kk wfje x 28 kk tdfom
B. ?86 O. >08
Nbr BJ ; 288 kk wfje x 28 kk tdfom
N. :40 J. 557
Baacwbnae ncat
sdebr stress ; 74 KXb
7>. Obaouabte tde resuatfi` teisfci fi tde acwer ocrj.
B. :40 O. >08
08. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde stress fi strut NO
N. 557 J. ?86
(KXb)3
B. ?.> O. :.4
7?. Dcw kuod gcroe (I) jces tde broder exert wftd dfs
N. 7.: J. 6.8
rf`dt brk3
B. 5:8 O. >08
02. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde requfrej kfifkuk
N. >56 J. 524
ncat jfbketer (kk) bt O3
B. 27 O. 28
_ftubtfci >> ‟  B ?88 kk tdfom ociorete wbaa fs tc ne
N. 2> J. 24
oeitrbaay acobtej ci b gcctfi`. Zde baacwbnae scfa nebrfi`
pressure fs 26> mXb.
0>. Zde ncat bt B dbs b jfbketer cg >8 kk. Pdfod cg tde
gcaacwfi` `fves tde resuatfi` ncat stress (KXb)3
7:. Zde gcctfi` fs tc ne jesf`iej gcr b kckeit cg 278 mI-
B. :5.4 O. >2.5
k bij b tctba vertfoba acbj cg ?>8 mI. Pdbt sdcuaj ne
N. 25.? J. ?8.7
tde kfifkuk gcctfi` wfjtd (k) tc preveit upafgt3
B. ?.88 O. 2.68
N. >.>5 J. 2.58
_ftubtfci >5 ‟ ^eger tc Gf`. EKI 2>.>0. Zde tcwer sdcwi
fs sunleotej tc tdree gcroes bs gcaacws<
G2 ; : mI
G> ; 7 mI
G? ; 7 mI

@fvei< b ; 5.4 k
n ; ?.> k
o ; :.4 k
j ; >.8 k

0?. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde resuatbit rebotfci bt

N (mI)3
B. 22.5 O. 24.8
N. 27.8 J. 4.?

0:. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde gcroe fi kekner BO

(mI)3
B. 2>.40 Z O. 2>.40 O
N. 6.>5 O J. 6.>5 Z

05. Pdfod cg tde gcaacwfi` `fves tde gcroe fi kekner @E

(mI)3
B. 5.58 Z O. >.05 Z
N. 5.58 O J. >.05 O

*** EIJ ***

PB^IFI@< Gbfaure tc sunkft ycur Zest Ruestfcis

(Ockpaete) set wfaa obuse tde obioeaabtfci
cg ycur Zest-^esuats gcr tde sunleot.
B N O

J E G

@ D F

_BK 24.8>6

Gf`. ONK 28.2?

O

D>

X N

D2

Gf`. _OK 28.80

Gf`. _OK 28.85

Gf`. _ZOI 24.8>5

Gf`. GJIK 28.8?

Gf`. _KI 28.22
 b

n
Gf`. _BK 28.87

O J

d
Gf`. EKI 2>.?2

B N
E G
s s s

P
Gf`. EKK 25.?0

Gf`. _B-2

B bij O
A2

B J N

A> A?

P
Gf`. _ZOIK 28.8>8
 j o
@ D
G2

n
E G
G>
M
n
O J
G?
 L
n
B F N

b b

Gf`ure EKI 2>.>0

Gf`. ^O-:

I_OX :84.:.?. Bs bi bateribte tc grbke bibaysfs, tde

gcaacwfi` bpprcxfkbte kckeits bij sdebrs sdbaa ne
perkfttej tc ne usej fi jesf`i cg ocitfiucus nebks bij
cie-wby sabns (sabns refigcroej tc resfst gaexurba stresses
fi ciay cie jfreotfci), prcvfjej<

2. Zdere bre twc cr kcre spbis,

>. _pbis bre bpprcxfkbteay equba, wftd tde abr`er
cg twc bjlboeit oaebr spbis ict `rebter tdbi tde
sdcrter ny kcre tdbi >8 peroeit,
?. Acbjs bre uifgcrkay jfstrfnutej,
:. Uift afve acbj jces ict exoeej tdree tfkes uift
jebj acbj, bij
5. Kekners bre prfskbtfo.

XC_FZFWE KCKEIZ
Eij spbis<
Jfsocitfiucus eij uirestrbfiej……………..
uirestrbfiej……………..wuai¾/22
Jfsocitfiucus eij fite`rba wftd suppcrt…...wuai¾/2:

Fiterfcr spbis………………………………………
spbis………………………………………wuai¾/27

IE@BZFWE KCKEIZ
bt exterfcr gboe cg gfrst fiterfcr suppcrt
Zwc spbis……………………………...…….…
spbis……………………………...…….…wuai¾/6
Kcre tdbi twc spbis…………………………..
spbis…………………………..wuai¾/28

bt ctder gboes cg fiterfcr suppcrts………………..

suppcrts………………..wuai¾/22

bt fiterfcr gboe cg exterfcr suppcrts

gcr kekners nufat fite`rbaay wftd suppcrts
Pdere suppcrt fs b spbijrea nebk…………...
nebk…………...wuai¾/>:
Pdei suppcrt fs b ocauki…………………….
ocauki…………………….wuai¾/27

_DEB^
bt gboe cg gfrst fiterfcr suppcrt……………...
suppcrt……………...2.25
2.25wuai/>
_debr bt gboe cg baa ctder suppcrts………….
suppcrts………….wuai/>