VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR

ANIMALS
STAGE 1 - REPORT
 SCHEDULE AND DELIVERABLES

• REVIEW 1: 06.01.2021
Literature review
Case studies
Comparative analysis
Site analysis
• REVIEW 2: 27.01.2021
Basic zoning
Preliminary concept with alternatives
First stage report
• REVIEW 3: 17.02.2021
Detailed concept
Finalized structures
Second stage report
• REVIEW 4: 10.03.2021
Refinement of drawings with furniture integration
Services
Landscaping (indoor and outdoor)
Third stage report
• REVIEW 5: 31.03.2021
Final working drawings and presentation drawings
3d views and walk through
Service drawings (plumbing layout, electrical layout, sewer layout)
Final overall report
VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR ANIMALS

1. Introduction
2. Literature review
• Initial study through books and journals
• Standards
3. Case studies

ANIMAL SHELTERS:
• Palm springs animal shelter, USA
• Blue cross of India, Chennai
• ResQ charitable trust, Pune
• CARE, Bangalore

ANIMAL HOSPITALS:
• Rowan animal hospital, USA
• Cessna lifeline hospital, Bangalore
• CUPA animal hospital, Bangalore
• Madras veterinary college hospital, Vepery

4. Comparative analysis
5. Supportive study
• AKC Dog museum, USA
• Kuching’s cat museum, Malaysia
6. Area requirements
7. Site analysis
VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR
ANIMALS

RECORDED RESPONSES OF ONLINE

SURVEY
C
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL SPACES AND ANIMAL FRIENDLY SPACES
CONVENTIONAL SPACES
People might get bored of the same
experience every time
These spaces focuses only on particular age
groups. Wont be suitable for all user types
Not all spaces ensure interactive features
which might be boring
Not all spaces are animal friendly and has
certain restrictions
The user might feel being locked up in the
space with no proper integration of exterior
spaces
Based on the online survey conducted,
PROS
Animal friendly spaces are more relaxing than
conventional ones
Majority of them prefers adopting pets rather
than buying one
Interpretation centre and experiential space
for animals also helps in humane education
and a different approach towards life
Gives an opportunity for general public to get
involved in the animal activities
ANIMAL FRIENDLY SPACES
A different experience for the user during each
visit
Animals act as stress buster and more relaxing
experience for all age groups
More interesting and interactive elements
than the conventional one
Builds strong ecoscape and good community
This concept emphasizes on the holistic
approach of integrating the landscape with
built up spaces along with the other beings
(animals)
CONS
Hygiene should not be compromised
Safety and security plays a key role in
designing animal friendly spaces
Spaces should be segregated properly based
on categories of animals and should not cause
animal discomfort
Ensuring proper medication for animals at all
times
 VISIBLE ARCHITECTURE FOR
ANIMALS

INITIAL STUDY & METHODOLOGY

 INITIAL STUDY AND INVESTIGATION

ABOUT THE PROJECT:

The project comprises of 3 major parts that would facilitate a equally safe environment for the
other beings and also how humans – animals – nature can
co-exist. This emphasizes on the well being of animals through human interaction .

TRAINING
INTERPR
ANIMAL ANIMAL &
ETATION
SHELTER HOSPITAL THERAPY
CENTRE CENTRE

NEED FOR THE PROJECT:

Current scenario of animal facilities are lacking basic amenities for animals.
Dog overpopulation is one of the main issues in the country. It is illegal to kill stary dogs hence
there is an over crowding in the shelters
On the other hand, The birth control measures for stray animals are not being followed
efficiently either

Dogs that have been rescued from accidents, mistreated by owners, starving to death and so
on, are taken to a safe place by some animal lover and sent to the animal shelter with a second
opportunity to live.

• But is the poorly maintained, unhygienic shelters an ideal home for a

stray? Could it ever be? So what needs to be changed?

This is the need of the hour since animals play an integral part of human lives since their
existence. After the physical and intellectual growth, we started exploiting resources for our
comfort and development.
Thus the question arises

• How can architecture instigate in building a safe, comfortable and

adaptable environment for animals?
• How can animals and humans bond in a man-made or natural
environment in the most accomplishable way?
 AIM OF THE PROJECT:
• To shape and remodel the world around us to increase the comfort and strive
sustainability for a better future.
• To ensure that the other beings (those who cannot voice for their own) such as
animals and nature gets connected with the human beings through
architecture
• To preach and practice the lesson of co-existence, in an attempt to encourage
architects to contemplate about how architecture can truly form an affinity
between Humans – Animals - Nature

OBJECTIVE:
• To understand how spaces for animals function and develop a fear free
environment for patients
• To comprehend why animal shelters are the way they are
• To find a solution to the overcrowding and insufficient shelters
• To come up with innovative design that caters to the physical and
psychological well being of the animals

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
• What are the standard space recommendations for various animals in animal
shelter?
• What kind of social environment should be provided for animals?
• What are the various strategies for different infrastructure facilities provided?
• What can be done to reduce the odour, noise level and energy consumption?
• How can humans – animal environment be created by providing a comfortable
environment for both?
• Can these models be sustainable and provide back to community?
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF ANIMALS:

Considerations shall be given to animal’s social

needs
• Effects of a stressful situation
• Reduce behavioral abnormality
• Increase opportunities for exercise
• Expand species typical behavior
• Cognitive stimulation

SHELTERING PROCESS:

THE PROPOSITION:
• Site specific design – It refers to the enhancement of human-animal-environment
relationship based on the site and user abundance
• Module – A sector based module that can be easily adapted and installed in place of need

SOURCE: https://www.sheltervet.org/assets/docs/shelter-standards-oct2011-wforward.pdf
FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH:
Certain questions need to be answered before proceeding to the design phase.
• What are animal shelters and how do they function?
• What is animal assisted therapy?
• How will the functions of different areas co-relate to each other?
• Who are the users?
• Why is there a need to preserve animal-human bond?

HISTORY OF ANIMAL WELFARE:

PANJRAPOLE, MUMBAI (1834)

Tucked somewhere in the by-lanes of the crowded Bhuleshwar bazaar is the Bombay Panjrapole, a
176-year-old infirmary that primarily looks after 350 cows and other stray animals like donkeys, hens,
birds, dogs, goats, parrots and ducks.
The shelter, painted bright blue, spreads across a sprawling two acres within the congested market; it
is airy and calm. The only sounds you hear are those of fluttering pigeons at the courtyard
kabutarkhana, or cows mooing in the sheds.
The aim of the Panjrapole is to nurture and care for animals in distress and protect these strays from
ending up at slaughter houses or being tranquilised.
INSPIRATION FROM Ar. JOYCE HWANG:
Ar. Joyce hwang is the director of Ants of the prairie, an office of architectural practice and
research that focusses on confronting contemporary ecological conditions through creative
means.
Currently she is developing a series of projects that incorporate wildlife habitats into
constructed environment, including
• Bat tower
• Bat cloud
• Habitat wall
• Bower

KEY POINTS AND INFERENCES:

• BAT TOWER: Creating small crevice like spaces for bats to line in as of their behaviour in the
tower. It is also an exciting example of how modern technologies of rapid prototyping and
digital fabrication can be used to create bio-performatic structures.

• BAT CLOUD: Metaphorical installations which consist of bat habitation areas. Bat cloud is a
hanging canopy of vessels that is designed and constructed to support bat habitation. From
afar, the piece appears like a cloud, hovering in the trees. Closer up, the viewer would be
able to see plants hanging from each vessel.

• HABITAT WALL: Habitat wall is an exploration of various strategies for implementing bat
habitation opportunities in existing urban environment. The project is a new type of exterior
wall construction that would attract and provide “urban housing” for bats and other wildlife.

• BOWER: Bower is a series of architectural fragments that frame the landscape of Art Park
and host bird nesting boxes for various species. The project also features custom-designed
glass ‘windows’ composed of drawings and anti bird-strike patterning.

BAT TOWER HABITAT WALL

BAT CLOUD BOWER

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:

•VETERINARY HOSPITAL: The facility that will treat small

and large animals along with 24 hour emergency facility.
Clinic has OPD, emergency care room, treatment centre,
1 pharmacy and other requirements

•ANIMAL SHELTER: Shelter is more of a module like

structure which can house a variety of animals. They are to
be designed with self sustainable qualities to house
2 different animals

•LIBRARY & INTERPRETATION CENTRE: These allow general

public to access the space as well as for recreational
3 purpose.

•TRAINING CENTRE: It is a place where truly humans and

animals get an opportunity to connect. Educational
programs for school children, volunteers and general public
4 will be provided.

•ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY CENTRE: It is a place where

dogs and other animals used for therapy are trained and
later used for AAT (Animal assisted therapy). This includes
5 therapy room, gardening area, rabbit coop, counselling
sessions and walk-in-aviary (Birds and squirrels)

•CAFÉ & OUTDOOR PLAY AREA: The themed café with

different cuisines enables users to have a cozy spot with
variety of animals while enjoying their food. The outdoor
6 play area ensures kids to have fun time with animals and
games.
 DESIGN STUDY
TYPES OF ANIMAL THERAPY

ANIMAL ASSISTED ACTIVITIES ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY

• They provide opportunities for • These are the goal directed intervention
educational, recreational, therapeutic in which animals people as an integral
benefits to enhance the quality of life. part of the treatment process.
• They are the casual “meet and greet” • Common animals used are
activities that involves pets visiting • Dogs
people. • Cats
• It can be with any age group of people • Horses
visiting the place without any • rabbits
restrictions.

BENEFITS OF ANIMAL THERAPIES:

• Reduced need for medication
• Increased focus and attention
• Reduces anxiety, grief and isolation
• Greater self control
• Improved social skills
• Improved balance
• Reduced risk of blood pressure, depression etc

WHO CAN BE TREATED?

• Autism spectrum disorders
• Addiction
• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Dementia
• Chronic pain
• Developmental disorders
• Psychiatric disorders
1. VETERINARY HOSPITAL
An animal hospital is an institution designed, built, equipped and staffed to
render modern veterinary care to animals. This care involves numerous
functions and services: reception, admission and discharge; bookkeeping and
payroll; purchase and account collections; outpatient services; laboratory;
radiography; surgery and hospitalization services, including nursing care
around the clock. These are the basic essential services which must be
rendered by any animal hospital. There are others, such as grooming,
boarding and providing vending machines for clients and employees, but
these are secondary services not essential to modern veterinary care.

2. FUNCTIONS OF A VETERINARY HOSPITAL

The functions of a veterinary hospital fall into four basic divisions:

• the outpatient or clinical

• the surgical
• General services.

1.The Outpatient/ Clinical unit deals with day to day handling of patients.
This unit must have proper facility to hold a large number of patients and
daily footfall based on the number of Outpatient rooms available. Therefore
it is important to think about the waiting areas for such spaces
2.The Surgical unit is a sterile area and must be deal with utmost hygiene
and care as it can easily transmit diseases during surgery when the wounds
are open. This unit of the hospital is not open to the public and must follow
strict routines of sterilization as per VCI standards. (Veterinary Council of
India)
3.General Services in a Veterinary clinic refer to the Administrative
department, account keeping, janitor services, pharmacy and storage facility.
Etc. These are the ancillary facilities that are necessary to support the
functioning of the hospital
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The design of the hospital is important and many factors should be considered to create a
suitable environment. Some of the main points are listed below:

A. Environmental Conditions:
- Any clinical areas such as the animal wards and surgery should be maintained at a higher
temperature for animals undergoing surgery or recovering from GA and for sick patients on
treatment.

-There should be adequate and appropriate ventilation, open windows and doors do not
help to maintain any heat and are also an escape route for patients

-Adequate ventilation also helps to release bad odor from Treatment and Isolation rooms

-Recovery rooms with access to greenery either physically or visually helps in healing

B. Function:
-Each room should be adequate for its function, they should be large enough for the
purpose and have sufficient lighting, electrical sockets and be in a good location.
-Ideally surgery rooms on higher floors should be avoided if kennel/holding areas are
downstairs.

-Zoning of spaces ought to be done with respect to the way they function, for example,
an emergency surgery will have to go from the emergency unit to the preparation room
to the OT and then to recovery and(or) In patient ward. This sequence must determine
the location of various spaces and functions

C. Layout:
-The floor plan of the hospital or clinic should be carefully considered so that there is a flow
through of traffic such as from consulting room out to treatment areas and kennels and from
prep room to surgery.

-Having to walk through several rooms or even go outside to get from one area to another
is not ideal.

-Where possible the front of the hospital should be for client areas such as reception
and consulting rooms, and the rear is treatment areas that are more private and
secure.

-It should be determined early in the design process which areas of the hospital should
-receive special consideration for infection control.
-These areas include those used for housing or treating immune-
compromised patients (e.g., patients receiving chemotherapy, geriatric
patients, pediatric patients), such as operating rooms, isolation areas,
intensive care units, postoperative recovery rooms, and oncology
wards.

- Operating rooms require a higher degree of infection control than other areas.
-The design of the operating room should limit foot traffic in the
adjacent areas. This mainly involves placing the operating room in a "dead
end" to minimize the movement of people outside the entrance. Windows
in operating rooms should never be opened.
-Any windows in the hospital that are allowed to open should be well fitted
with insect screens.

-Because hand washing is one of the main strategies for preventing

nosocomial infections, special attention should be paid to providing
convenient hand washing stations in all clinical areas of the hospital.
-Sinks should be as deep as possible to prevent splashing of water and
scattering of organisms.
-Ideally, foot pedals or infrared sensors should be installed to allow hands-
free operation of all faucets and limit the role of faucet handles as fomites.
-Antiseptic hand lotion dispensers can also be located in these stations to
maximize staff compliance with hand hygiene policies.
-If cage blankets, surgical drapes, other clinical linens, or food bowls are to
be washed in-house, the hot water system should be designed to provide
temperatures in excess of 160°F to ensure disinfection laundry and
dishwasher cycles.
D.Circulation:
(i)Typical circulation of the Client
-Upon approaching the hospital the client must be oriented so that he may go either
to the main lobby or directly to the emergency entrance.
-If the client enters through the reception area , he should go directly to the
receptionist station to register.
-If it is necessary for the client to wait, there should be a waiting area
provided.
-From the waiting area the client will move to the examination room. The
client should have direct access to the examination room and not allowed to
circulate in the work areas of the hospital.
-Following the examination and treatment of his pet, the client is directed to a
separate check-out counter at the receptionist station to make additional
appointments and financial arrangements.
-From the receptionist station the client will leave the hospital

(ii)Circulation of a typical patient that is need of minor medical

attention.
-The patient and client are taken from the waiting area to the
examination area.
-The examination room is equipped to administer vaccinations and minor
medical treatment.
-If more extensive treatment is necessary the patient is taken to the
treatment area.
-After the treatment, the patient is returned to the client at the
waiting area and discharged.

(iii)Circulation of a typical Surgical Patient.

-The surgery is always scheduled except for emergency cases.
-After the patient has arrived, he is taken to the preoperative area to
be prepared for surgery.
-After the patient is prepared he is taken into the surgery area.
-After the surgery is complete he is placed in the intensive care cages
for close observation for a few hours.
-From the intensive care cages he is transferred to the hospital ward
until he is ready to be discharged.
(iv)Circulation of a typical emergency case.
-The emergency entrance is located adjacent to the treatment area for quicker treatment
and to avoid any unnecessary mess in the receptionist area. Emergency cases will be
received at this entrance.
-While the patient is in the treatment area the injuries are determined.
-If surgery is required the patient is taken to the preoperative area and prepared for
surgery.

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS

The spatial requirements of a Veterinary hospital fall under three categories:

A. Clinical areas

B. Surgical areas

C. General areas

A.CLINICAL AREAS
Much of the outpatient area is for the clients use. It is occasionally referred to as the clinical area
because of the activities are clinical oriented. The functions that occur here include reception,
examination, pathological services, pharmaceutical services, public toilet, and storage

1.RECEPTION
-The receptionist station should be designed for two employees and in a manner allowing
them to observe entering clients, direct clients to examination rooms, collect compensation
due, assist the doctors as needed, and work without disturbance from children, dogs, and
talkative clients.

-A small counter should be available for payment of accounts affording a limited degree of
privacy so that the client feels free to discuss charges in detail.

Equipment:

• 2 rolling chairs
• counter for filling out records
• separate counter for money transactions and scheduling appointments (for privacy)
 • telephone answering device
• record storing system
• intercom system
• burglar alarm system
• file cabinets (4 drawer)
• copy machine

2.WAITING ROOM

Most of the stress and fear developed at a Veterinary hospital comes from the type of
waiting room environment. Improper segregation of species, Close proximity of cat and
dog waiting areas in the hospital is the top reason of creating stress in dogs and cats.

Reception areas in veterinary hospitals have traditionally been akin to standard physician’s
office waiting rooms. They’re typically lined with chairs and benches. Sometimes there’s a
hospitality counter with coffee and water and a television on the wall for light
entertainment.

Modern veterinary practices often try to think outside the box when it comes to the waiting
experience at their hospital by incorporating alternative waiting areas. These alternative
waiting areas offer more to clients—more technology, more comfort, more convenience and
more choices

Client waiting:
1.Outdoor waiting areas: Give clients the option to get outside for a bit instead of being
cooped up inside. Clients can get some fresh air and reconnect with nature. For pets that get
stressed sitting in reception, it’s an opportunity to go to a more open and natural
environment, which might help them feel less confined and potentially calmer and happier

2. Long-term waiting area:

• Some people prefer to wait for their pets while they undergo medical
procedures as opposed to leaving and coming back later when the procedure is
over.

• For these people, it’s nice to offer a long-term waiting area—a separate,
quieter and more private space than standard waiting rooms.

• They should be extra comfortable, with sofas and arm chairs, and equipped with
TVs, Wi-Fi and maybe even some computers for public use. Having snacks and
beverages available is also nice, as well as private restrooms, if possible.
Patient waiting

1.DOG waiting area:

-Provision of sufficient space to help patients pass by each other without too much
contact
-The ability to look outside and have a view of the outdoor environment
reduces stress in dogs and pet owners
-Availability of natural light and outdoor spill out areas can reduce the amount of
anxiety developed in the waiting room environment

-Configuration of the seating and availability of varied options to clients and pets
can contribute to a better waiting room environment

-Availability of play toys and distracting elements

-TV screens and displays of humane education/ healthcare/ etc.

2.CAT waiting area:

-A private, quiet waiting area dedicated to cat clients is a must in modern
veterinary hospitals.
- It gives cat clients the ability to escape the noises and smells associated
with dog customers, who can help lower the stress levels of both the cats
and their owners.
-Cats are smaller than dogs and thus cat waiting areas can be relatively small.
-Enclosing them in glass allows visibility from staff, while still keeping the
odors and noises away
-Provision of scratch pads and play toys help distract the cats and keep
them occupied
3. EXAMINATION ROOM
-The examination should be done in privacy allowing the doctor to consult
with the client.
-A minimum amount of treatment should be done here to minimize in
cleaning and to aid in the scheduling of work, therefore increasing the
number of patients that can be seen in one day.
-The treatment is generally carried out in another area of the hospital,
preventing the client from experiencing the sometimes unpleasant sights and
odors
-Since they require a syringe and needle, the injectable should be stored so
that the doctor can reach all three without having to take a step. The
injectable should be kept in a small counter top refrigerator with the
syringe and needles nearby.
-Indoor/outdoor examination rooms are great for Fear Free practices, as
some dogs are calmer and happier when being seen in an outdoor
environment instead of an indoor exam room.

Examination Equipment:

• -sink, for washing hands

• -counter top
• -refrigerator, to store injectable and meds
• -examination table
• -small cabinet, for storing examination instruments
• -instruments to perform an examination such as:
• -diagnostic set; thermometer; 2 artery forceps; 2 dressing forceps; cotton wool jar;
5 inch curved scissors; 1 S/S kidney dish; IS/s bowl; stethoscope
• -oxygen, emergency supply
• -seating for clients
• -X-ray viewer, wall mounted
• -small supply of drugs in everyday use
• -examination lamp
• -syringes and needles
• -weighing scale

Services:

-Air conditioning
-Water supply
4. PHARMACY:
The pharmacy should be located adjacent to the examination rooms and located in the exit
way of the client so as provide easy access without having to go out of the necessary
circulation area

• The biological will be stored in a refrigerator.

• Ointments are best stored in a drawer 4 to 5 inches deep.
• Small glass or plastic dropper bottles of solutions are best stored in a drawer.
• Injectable generally are not dispensed; they are kept in the examination rooms.

Services: Air conditioning

5.LABORATORY:
The lab needs to be fully equipped in order to conduct and provide results within the hospital
itself. It should be in close proximity to a diagnostic unit with a pass

through cabinet to transfer samples. The machines are not allowed to heat over 30 degree
Celsius

Equipment:

• CBC Hematology analyzer

• Serum Bio Chemistry Analyzer
• Computerized radiography
• Centrifuger
• Anti-Coagulant Analyzer
• Hormone assay
• Uri scan
• Binocular microscope
• Refrigerator
• Sink

Services: Water supply, Air conditioning.

6.RADIOGRAPHY:
A separate room should be allocated for taking X-rays. It must consist of a storage unit to
hold the dressing and another unit to store records

Equipment:

• Stationary digital X-ray system

• Storage units
• Computer
7.JANITORS CLOSET
• A space for the storage of cleaning equipment and supplies is needed by every
hospital.
• The most appropriate location for this storage is near the OP rooms, ICU, Treatment
rooms .
• A minimum area of 18 to 20 square feet is necessary to contain a mop or service sink,
mop bucket, and a place to hang mops and brooms, etc.

8.STORAGE ROOM
There needs to be two types of storage areas in the hospital:

• A clean storage room to store clean linen, equipment and bedding

• A soiled storage room to store dirty linen that is to be taken to the laundry room

A storage room needs to be provided for storing medicine stock; this room should be adjacent
to the pharmacy to easy restocking. A general store room adjacent to the office area is to be
provided to store records and medical details of the patients

9.RESTROOMS
There should be a toilet that is convenient for the public's use. A separate restroom
should be provided for the staff, adjacent to a staff lounge
B.SURGICAL AREAS
1.TREATMENT
The treatment of a patient follows the examination and can occur either during the
examination or in another centrally located and better equipped place depending on the
type and extent of treatment necessary. Usually the veterinarian chooses to take the patient
to a treatment table away from the client to prevent him from experiencing unpleasant
sights and to have more equipment at his disposal. Such procedures as minor surgery and
dental work are done, and here emergency cases can be received and evaluated. These
facilities should be located adjacent to where the examination rooms and the pharmacy-
laboratory

Equipment:

• Winged stainless steel table

• Examination lighting
• Puppy /Kitten incubator(18"x18"x24")
• Small refrigerator (2'x2'x2')
• Wall mounted X-ray viewer
• Bulletin board

2. ISOLATION ROOMS
-Should be designed with an anteroom to provide a place for donning barrier clothing
(e.g., gloves, gown, and booties) as well as disinfectant footbaths and a hand washing
station.

-The anteroom also limits the movement of air from the isolation room to the general
population of patients and provides storage for contaminated linens.

If space allows, the dedication of two separate areas for isolating patients enables the
separation of animals with different infectious diseases.

- A separate bathing tub within the isolation unit is also useful if there is enough space.

-Isolation rooms and soiled areas of the hospital (e.g., areas where dirty laundry collects)
should be under negative pressure (<2.5 Pa) in relation to adjacent areas.
-
This prevents infectious particles from being transmitted to clean areas of the hospital by
air currents.
-Isolation areas should receive six to 12 air changes per hour, and all air should be
exhausted directly outdoors with no recirculation.
 -If this is not possible, the air should pass through HEPA filters before being added to
general circulation.
-Ventilation professionals (usually the provider of the HVAC system) should routinely check
the balance of airflow in the various areas of the hospital, ideally when the building's
climate control changes from predominantly heating to predominantly air conditioning or
vice versa, or at least once a year.

3. SURGERY:
The most tedious and exacting work is done here and requires a high degree of sterilization
and freedom from all distractions.

-All unnecessary circulation or unrelated activities must be prohibited to maintain

this high degree of sterilization and freedom from distraction.
-The surgery must be located adjacent to the pre-operative preparation area and
postoperative area. Only one entrance is recommended to the surgery with a scrub sink
adjacent to this entrance.

-The introduction and use of such equipment as anesthetic machines, heart monitor,
and automatic resuscitator means that more space is required for surgery.

-Ample space- ability to navigate the patient around without interrupting the surgeon

-It should be located adjacent to an emergency entrance, to receive emergency cases to

be evaluated. This prevents any undesirable sights and mess at the receptionist station.

Equipment: Rooms:
• Sterile corridor
• Shadow less lamp
• OT
• Anesthetic machine
• Scrub up area
• Gas manifold
• CSSD
• Autoclave sterilizing machine
• Pre-operative room (for surgeon)
• Surgical trays
• Preparation room (for patient)
• Portable X-ray machine
• Dirty corridor
• Wall mounted X-ray viewer
• Dirty linen storage
• Stainless steel surgical table
• Staff lounges
• Storage cabinets
• Recovery room
• ICU
• In patient wards (separate for dogs and
cats)

Services: Water supply, Sterile Air conditioning, Oxygen lines, sewage systems
4. RECOVERY AND OBSERVATION WARD
This ward is basically for critical postsurgical patients that need the extra care to assure rapid
recovery. It should be located so that the veterinarian can observe while passing by or while
performing other duties. An observation window should be provided

Wards and runs should be given special consideration in respect to ventilation, cleaning
and sound control.

-From the standpoint of ventilation and for the purpose of noise isolation, they are best
located at the rear of the hospital.

-The ventilation rate of the kennel should be determined on a different basis than the rest of
the hospital because of the large concentration of odor sources.

-Entering into the amount of odor sources is the number of animals, physical condition
of those animals, and frequency of compartment and run clean-up.

-The quantity of outside air for ventilation of the kennel and runs should be based on an
estimated percentage of animal occupancy and types of animals

-The wards and runs should have exhaust fans to assure positive exhaust and maintain a
negative pressure between these areas and other parts of the hospital

-The exhaust is larger than the supply to maintain a negative pressure

-It should be located in close proximity to a nurse station

EXERCISE RUNS
-The exercise runs serve two necessary functions:

-They provide a place for the animals while the cages are serviced, and they serve as a place
to exercise the animals of the wards.

-The runs are best located adjacent to the wards to minimize the time and effort needed to
exercise the dogs.

-One run for each six or seven cages is recommended.

-Although the minimum size for a run is 3' by 5', runs for larger dogs should be provided at
a minimum size of 4' by 7’.

-Extremely large dogs are occasionally kept in the runs rather than a cramped cage
-Divisions between runs should be constructed to discourage any contact between
occupants

-A four inch concrete block wall properly coated with glazed wall coating is the most
satisfactory, particularly in terms of long-range wear and use.

-It is recommended that these walls should be constructed approximately 5'-6" high
with cove base and rounded cap.

-The gate should be constructed of a galvanized chain-link fence material to prevent

corrosion and to allow the animal to see out.
-To facilitate cleaning, the floors of the runs should slope to the rear for positive drainage
and made of a smooth hard surface. Water for cleaning and consumption should be
available

C. GENERAL AREAS
RECEPTION
-Reception with adequate waiting areas are key to a good hospital design

OFFICE
-General accounts room for record keeping and Office room in close proximity to the
reception

-The veterinarian should have a private office for consultation purposes with clients, for
a place to concentrate on personal business, and relax privately.

LOUNGE
-The staff members need a place they can relax privately during a break or during lunch.
-It should be furnished with a sleeper-sofa, refrigerator, micro-wave oven, and a table with
chairs for the convenience of the staff

KITCHEN
-The wards require a place to prepare the animal's food.

- Very few animal hospitals go to the trouble of cooking and preparing the food for the
patients.

-The prepared canned diets today are more than adequate and require much less time
and expense.

-A counter space, sink, can opener, refrigerator, storage and refuse disposal are the
necessary items for this function.

-
The cabinet space above the counter top will be used as secondary storage of the canned
diets; adjustable shelving is recommended.

-The cabinet space below the counter

-Top will be used as storage of the dry food, bowls and refrigerator.

LAUNDRY
-Provisions for washing and drying soiled clothing is necessary.

-Preferably to be placed out of the sight of visitors

SERVICES:
1.AHU: Adequate Air Handling Units for both general air conditioning as well as Surgical air
conditioning is necessary

2. WASTE DISPOSAL:

-Proper facilities for the collection and disposal of waste generated in the hospital are to be
provided

-Proper segregation of waste should be maintained

SURGICAL PROCEDURE
SURGERY PREPARATION
As the working center, such functions as instrument cleaning, storage, minor surgery, post-
operative treatment and observation have cumulatively made this the busiest part of the
hospital.

The preoperative and postoperative functions should be performed adjacent to the

surgery and wards for convenience and ease of operation.

These functions include the preparation of both the patient and equipment.

The equipment consists of the surgical linens, instruments and electronic devices.

Pre-operative Procedure-PATIENT:
• The preoperative procedures deal with the preparation of the patient.
• This takes place in the Preparation room
• The veterinary assistants begin with the administering of the pre-anesthetic
medication followed by anesthesia.
• The surgical area of the patient is clipped and the loose hair is removed.
• The surgical area is cleansed, and the animal is transported to the surgery table.
• Hair, dust and other debris are left behind keeping the surgery clean,
therefore maintaining a high sterilized state during the surgery

Pre-operative Procedure-SURGEON & STAFF:

• All staff involved in surgery must change into sterile clothing and must have washed
their hands and feet with disinfectants
• This takes place in a separate pre-operative room outside but abutting the sterile
area

Pre-operative Procedure-EQUIPMENT:
• All equipment to be used must be thoroughly sterilized in an Autoclave and be kept
in the CSSD (central sterile services department)
• The CSSD must be abutting the sterile area

Post-operative Procedure-PATIENT:
• The patients undergoing Minor surgery will be taken to the recovery area and then
can be sent home
• Patients undergoing Major surgery will be taken to the recovery room post- surgery
and then moved to the In-patient wards, in the case of needing medical attention, the
patient will be taken to the ICU post-surgery and then to the In-patient wards
Post-operative Procedure-SURGEON & STAFF:
• The surgeon and veterinary staff assisting during the surgery will need to change
from soiled scrubs and take a shower in the provided staff lounge

Post-operative Procedure-EQUIPMENT:
• Postoperative procedures include the cleaning and sterilization of the surgical
linens and instruments. The operating gowns, gloves, towels and drapes are first
cleaned in a washing machine then dried.
• Then they are loosely folded and sterilized in the autoclave.
• After sterilization they are stored for future use.
• The surgical instruments are cleaned in soap and water.
• Then they are sterilized with dry heat, because steam or boiling dulls the cutting
edges.
• Surgical packs of instruments are made up, containing the proper selection necessary
to perform certain surgical procedures.
• These packs are stored for future use and should be such that easy access from the
operating room is provided.

Surgical Preparation Equipment:

• Rolling stainless steel table (2' x 5')
• Surgical prep-tub (18"x 20")
• Stainless steel prep, counter (28" x 70")
• Bulletin board
• Wall clock
• Monocular microscope
• Weighing scales surgical scrub-up sink

Surgical Cleaning and Sterilization Equipment

• Electro sonic instrument cleaner and tray (24"x18"x20")
• Autoclave (24"x18"x20")
• Washer (25"x25"x36")
• Dryer (25"x25"x36")
VENTILATION
Infection control must also be a factor in the design Air contamination is likely the most
significant risk in the development of surgical site infections.

• Sensitive areas such as operating rooms and chemotherapy treatment areas should be
ventilated so that the room air pressure is higher than the corridor air pressure.
• This "positive-pressure ventilation" ensures that air moves from clean to less-clean
areas (i.e., from inside the room to the corridor), thereby keeping airborne infectious
particles from entering the sensitive area. Operating rooms should be kept at a pressure
that is 2.5 Pa greater than adjacent areas.
• Supply air should enter the room at the ceiling, and exhaust vents should be
placed near the floor.
• The use of laminar airflow ventilation systems has been advocated in human
medicine.
• Laminar airflow ventilation systems provide vertical or horizontal layers of air
movement in the operating room such that the flow is highest directly over
the surgical site, limiting the introduction of particles from the environment
and personnel.
•

• In addition to positive-pressure ventilation, the operating room should be provided

with at least 15 air changes per hour, at least three of which should consist of fresh
outside air.
• If fresh air cycles cannot be provided, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
filters should be added to the supply system.
• Routine replacement of all filters—particularly HEPA filters—is necessary. HEPA
filters are changed, on average, every 6 to 12 months.
• Some systems may require more frequent maintenance; the air pressure passing
through the filters can be tested periodically to determine the appropriate frequency
of filter replacement.
• Another design consideration for the ventilation system is the location of air intake
equipment and exhaust vents.
• Fresh-air intake sources should not be located near exhaust vents because this will
reintroduce odors and organisms into the hospital.
During surgical procedures, dust particles, textile fibers, skin scales, and respiratory aerosols
loaded with viable microorganisms are released from the surgical team and the surrounding
into the air of the operating theatre. Bacteria settling on surgical instruments or entering
directly into the surgical site may result in surgical site infection (SSI) .

Therefore, maintaining a high quality of the air in the operating theatre is essential to
controlling the risk of surgical infections. To reduce the morbidity and healthcare costs
associated with these infections, airborne bacteria and other sources of contamination must
be minimized.
In this regard, a fundamental role is played by the contamination- controlled airflow
system (heating, ventilation, air-conditioning system: HVAC). Indeed, in addition to
maintaining temperature and humidity at optimal levels, this system provides ventilation
that is able to keep the concentrations of gaseous pollutants, particulates and airborne
microbes below predetermined levels. HVAC systems perform multiple functions
simultaneously, including controlling three known central variables in the airborne
transmission of infectious particles: temperature, relative humidity, and air currents.
Therefore, HVAC systems are intended to provide for the health, comfort, and safety of
occupants by maintaining thermal and air quality conditions that are acceptable to the
occupants.
In the operating theatre, the specific features of the airflow system which enable SSIs to
be contained are ventilation (dilution), air distribution, room pressurization (infiltration
barrier) and filtration (contaminant removal).
The air in operating theatres should be kept at a higher pressure than in corridors and
adjacent areas. This positive pressure prevents the flow of air from less sterile areas into
more sterile ones.
With regard to ventilation, various international scientific organizations recommend a
minimum of 15 air exchanges per hour. Specifically, the "Guidelines for environmental
infection control in health-care facilities" issued by the CDC recommend a minimum of
about 15 exchanges of filtered air
per hour, three (20%) of which must be fresh air. The 2008 edition of ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE
Standard 170 ("Ventilation of Health-care Facilities") , recommends a minimum of 20 total
air exchanges per hour and a minimum of 4 exchanges of outdoor air per hour in operating
theatres.
The main types of airflow systems are: turbulent-flow, unidirectional-flow and mixed-
flow.
Turbulent flow directly involves the whole environment, the concentration of airborne
contaminants being controlled by means of dilution. This type of system increases the
effectiveness of air exchange and distribution. However, it has the disadvantage of speeding
up microbial dispersion. In several countries, this type of airflow is generally considered
adequate for operating theatres in which general surgery or similar operations are
performed
In unidirectional-flow systems ("laminar airflow or LAF"), the air travels in parallel
lines and contaminants are carried away at the same velocity as the airflow. Low-velocity
unidirectional flow tends to minimize the spread of airborne contaminants and direct
them towards the exhaust outlets. This system, as opposed to turbulent flow, allows
airborne particles to pass the operating area and prevents them from landing in the
wound area
Unidirectional airflow is designed to move particle-free air (called "ultraclean air") over
the aseptic operating field at a uniform velocity (0.3 to 0.5 μm/sec), sweeping away
particles in its path
From a purely technical standpoint, systems that provide laminar flow regimes
constitute the best option for an operating theatre, in terms of contamination
control, as they result in the smallest percentage of particles impacting the
surgical site.
The reason for this is that such systems supply a controlled, constant column of air to
the surgical site area; this is effective in sweeping contaminants from the surgical site
area, where they might otherwise be deposited
Laminar airflow through HEPA filters, which display 99.97% efficiency in removing
airborne particles of 0.3 μm and above, can be supplied to the operating area by
ceiling-mounted (vertical flow) or wall-mounted (horizontal flow) units. It has been
suggested that improper positioning of personnel in operating theatres with a
horizontal and vertical laminar airflow may increase the risk of infection.
In the so-called mixed-flow system, unidirectional airflow regimes are only used to
protect critical zones (e.g. the area surrounding the operating field)

Most operating theatres have conventional ventilation and laminar air-flow systems with
HEPA filters are generally used for orthopedic and other implant surgery
Charnley research team evaluated 5,800 surgical operations; he showed that
intraoperative contamination was a major threat to the success of total joint
replacements, and revealed that the rate of SSI fell dramatically from 7 to 0.5% when
unidirectional airflow regimes with a high number of hourly air exchanges were
adopted and surgical staff wore special suits that covered the whole body.
Subsequently, other studies have shown that fewer infections arise when orthopedic
surgery is performed in operating theatres with ultra-clean air facilities.
Currently, there is no complete consensus in the scientific community with regard to
the need to use unidirectional airflows in prosthetic orthopedic surgery, since no
prospective studies comparing air quality with SSI rates are available.
In theory, preventing contamination by flowing particle free air unidirectional over the
surgical site can potentially reduce the risk of SSI. Although this method is biologically
plausible, and some previous studies have supported this concept, a meta-analysis
encompassing 26 studies could not ultimately confirm the role of LAF in surgery, and
some recent studies have even indicated an increase in SSI after hip prosthesis with
procedures performed under LAF
SURFACES AND FITTINGS

1.FLOORS
The choice of flooring material depends on the area of the hospital. Floors in clinical areas
should be easy to clean. This requires that the surface be relatively
smooth, nonporous, water resistant, and not physically affected by germicidal cleaning
solutions.

PUBLIC AREAS- Tiles

• Tile is a popular choice for reception areas, but it is important to select a nonporous tile
that has minimal texture because small ridges or crevices can trap dirt and bacteria.
• Tile also requires the use of grout, and the grout selected should be smooth and
waterproof.
• A tile floor should be well sealed; periodic professional cleaning and resealing is
recommended (based on the installer's recommendation).
• Tile is not a good choice for the clinical areas of the hospital because the grout-filled
cracks between tiles can trap bacteria.

CLINICAL AREAS – Epoxy or Sheet vinyl

• Ideally, the floors in clinical areas should be monolithic (seamless).
• Appropriate choices for clinical areas are poured epoxy or methyl
methacrylate flooring or sheet vinyl products.
• It is important to avoid a completely smooth surface; although ideal for infection
control, it can create a serious slip hazard for clients and personnel when wet, and
some dogs may have difficulty walking on it. Vinyl composition tile is available with
low-grade textures, but the joints between tiles can trap bacteria. The manufacturer
or installer should be consulted on any type of flooring with seams to determine a
method and frequency of sealing.
• The wall base should also be selected with infection control in mind.
• Base should be coved, as right-angled corners between the wall and the floor are
difficult to clean.
• If a rubberized base is selected, the joints between the floor and the base material
must be tightly sealed. A better choice for clinical areas is an integral base.
• Poured• epoxy flooring and sheet vinyl flooring both allow for continuation of the
floor material up the wall, avoiding any joints that could harbor bacteria. A
minimum of four inches of cove base above the floor is recommended to facilitate
contact with mop heads.
2. DRAINS
• The use of floor drains is controversial. Drains provide the opportunity to wash an area with
large volumes of water and disinfectant or even high- pressure washers, which may be more
effective than a mop.
• However, drains provide a potential site for bacterial colonization that can be difficult
to eliminate. If floor drains are used, they must be disinfected routinely.
• Alternatively, wet vacuums allow the use of large volumes of water and disinfectant without
relying on floor drains.

3. WALLS
• Wall finishes also depend on the area of the hospital. Textile or fabric wall covering
should be avoided, except perhaps in administrative areas.
• In clinical areas where walls are likely to be soiled, the finish should be washable.
Vinyl wall covering is a good choice, as long as the texture is relatively smooth for
cleaning.
• For areas where the walls require frequent cleaning, a nonporous, smooth
surface is recommended.
• Good choices in these areas are:
• Painted, sealed concrete;
• Laminates (e.g., melamine);
• In sensitive areas of the hospital (e.g., isolation units, surgical suites, oncology wards),
wall finishes should be free of fissures, open joints, or crevices that could harbor
dirt particles. Wherever plumbing penetrates the wall, the joins should be well sealed.
4. CEILINGS
• Ceilings are less likely to be directly contaminated with infectious body fluids than
walls or floors.
• It is therefore advisable to install a hard ceiling that is smooth and washable (e.g.,
painted drywall) in operating rooms.
Joins at any ceiling perforations (e.g., for surgical lighting, ventilation ducts should be
sealed.
5. COLOUR:
It may behave veterinarians to paint or decorate their practice in colors that are positively
perceived by dogs and cats. Architect Heather Lewis is currently working on what colors and
lighting might be calming for dogs and cats in the veterinary environment. Dogs have
dichromatic vision, see better in low light than humans can, and can see into the
ultraviolet UVB spectrum. Cats also see into the UVB spectrum and in low-light situations,
and although they are not believed to see colors with as much precision as humans do, they
have trichromatic vision (Lewis, 2015). The ability to see the UVB spectrum means that some
materials are likely to appear fluorescent to dogs and cats, including organic material such
as urine that contains phosphorous. Bright white, man-made materials such as paper, plastic
and white fabrics are likely to be visually jarring— “Your professional-looking white doctor’s
coat could be lighting up like a Christmas tree to your patients” (Lewis, 2015). Lewis (2015)
suggests that “fear free” colours for dogs and cats include hues in the soft yellow to violet
range, avoiding oranges and reds, and dark colours. Because dogs and cats do not see
well in low light, using lighter colours in darker areas are likely to make them feel more at
ease, as dark colours make it harder to see and comprehend their surroundings. A “visually
comfortable” colour palate for dogs and cats can be found on-line

Fear free colour palette

ANIMAL SHELTER
An animal shelter has two main jobs—to be a safe haven for all animals in need and to be
the nucleus of a community's animal care and control program. Its staff should provide
quality care for all stray and relinquished animals temporarily in its care, making every
effort to provide a safe, comfortable, and stress-free environment. The shelter should also
be accessible and welcoming to the community.

FUNTIONS OF AN ANIMAL SHELTER

1.Animal Care and Housing
The shelter should provide the most comfortable, stress-free environment possible for the
animals in your care. Animals should have access to clean, fresh water at all times and be
fed according. Food and water bowls should be properly disinfected every day.

Cages and kennels should be commercially manufactured, in good condition, cleaned

and disinfected daily, and free of sharp or broken edges. Dogs and cats must be
housed separately, and the housing should reflect their different needs.

2.Adoptions
The shelter should strive to place animals in loving, responsible, and permanent homes.
Adoption fees for purebred or obedience-trained animals or for animals with
distinguishing characteristics should be the same as those charged for other animals. In
addition, adoption fees for cats and dogs should be identical

3.Record Keeping
Complete and accurate records are essential for the responsible, efficient, and legal
operation of your animal shelter. A record should be prepared for every animal entering
the shelter, giving a full description of the animal and any information about the animal's
background that is available. These records should be numbered and filed so that all staff
can easily retrieve them. An animal should have the same record or tag number
throughout his or her stay at the shelter, and each animal must be clearly identified with a
temporary collar and tag.

Accurate record keeping is also necessary for an effective lost-and-found program as well
as for tracking animal control calls, cruelty complaints, and the disposition of the animals
in the shelter's care.
4.Programs
Shelter activities should be based on the best interests of the animals and the community.
The role of staff members is to provide humane care of the animals and to carry out the
shelter's programs effectively. Staff members should provide commissioners or board
members with information or assistance that will promote the development of responsible
animal care and control programs.

5.Spay/Neuter Efforts
It is imperative that shelters have a mandatory spay/neuter program for all adopted animals,
preferably one that incorporates both sterilization at adoption and early- age spay/neuter.
Shelters should make it a top priority to ensure that the animals they place for adoption do
not contribute to companion animal overpopulation

6.Cruelty Investigation
Every community should have trained personnel to investigate animal cruelty issues and
enforce animal protection laws. All calls and complaints must be handled in a professional,
courteous, and timely manner. Personnel should be able to respond twenty-four hours a day
in cases of emergency.

7.Humane Education
Every shelter should make every effort to provide humane education for local residents,
especially children. From sponsoring community-wide awareness campaigns to sending
shelter staff into classrooms for presentations, your shelter can embrace a variety of
strategies to teach responsible pet ownership and instill a humane ethic in all members
of the community

8.Volunteers
Volunteers can be an invaluable asset to any shelter and its animals. All volunteers must
be properly trained for the duties they are assigned and should be supervised at all times
SHELTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
One of the basic goals should be to reduce stress and disease transmission. Separation
of the animals in the care of the facility in the following manner is critical:

• Dogs from cats

• Infectious from healthy animals.
• Aggressive animals from all others
• Nursing mothers and their young from all others
• Newly arrived owner relinquished and stray from adoptable animals
• Recently recovered or mildly ill animals from seriously ill, infectious animals
•Animals with respiratory illness separate from those with skin (such as ringworm)
or gastrointestinal illness

Kennel / Cattery Design:

-Provide enough space for the animal to move around and be comfortable

-Do NOT use double or triple decker cages for animals as they are difficult to clean and also
pose a danger to kennel staff when animals need to be placed in or removed from the cage

FLOORING:
-Appropriate flooring materials are vital to maintaining a clean facility in which
microorganisms and odors are minimized. Poured floors with a minimum of seams are
best.

-Ceramic tile is not a good choice for kennel or housing areas because grout is
permeable and therefore impossible to clean adequately.
-Sheet vinyl (for kennels) - durable, easy to maintain
-exposed concrete (for corridors and utility areas)

LIGHTING:
-Lighting fixtures in kennels should be placed over dog runs rather than down the
middle of the aisle separating facing runs.

-This makes it easier for visitors and staff to view the animals.

-Positioning the fixtures in this way should allow sufficient light to spill over to the
walkways so that no safety hazard is created for the public or staff.
PLUMBING:
-The drainage system must be designed so that waste from one kennel never
contaminates another. Drain openings should be at least 4" in diameter.

-Lead-away pipes should be at least 6" in diameter. Drain covers should be of stainless
steel or other non-corrosive and easily cleanable material.

-These should be easily removable for cleaning but otherwise kept in place to prevent
puppies, other small animals, the public, or staff from falling or slipping into them.

- Drain Traps should also be installed and cleaned on a regular basis.

MATERIAL:
The perfect surface would have these characteristics:

• Pleasing visual impact.

• Durable.
• Easily cleanable.
• Resilient.
• Non absorbent to liquids and odors.
• Prevents microbial growth.
• Sound absorbent

INTERIOR WALL FINISHES:

-Epoxy paint (animal holding, high maintenance areas, high moisture areas)
-ceramic tile (for backsplash areas)
-vinyl wall covering (decorative areas and client areas)
-kydex acrylic PVC sheet (heavy duty areas)

SOURCE: Basic management guidelines for animals shelters

https://www.icam-coalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Shelter-guidelines-English.pdf
STANDARDS FOR ANIMAL SHELTERS:
CASE STUDY – BLUE CROSS OF INDIA, CHENNAI:

ABOUT:
The blue cross is an animal welfare charity that was established in 1959 by Captain. V.
Sundaram. It comprises of animal shelter and clinical facilities for animals. The
organization now houses thousands of animals today. Apart from shelter and hospital,
blue cross also has various programmes like therapy centre, adoption cel etc.
CASE STUDY – CHARLIE’S ANIMAL RESCUE CENTRE, BANGALORE:

ABOUT:
Charlies Animal Rescue Centre – CARE is an animal shelter established in January 2013, with the aim of
providing timely medical aid to injured and ill animals of the street in Bangalore city.
CARE is also home to many dogs,cats, rabbits,ducks, hens, pigs, guinea pigs, birds and terrapins.
The inspiration behind the trust, is 15 year old Charlie, a differently abled, 3 legged Indian Dog who
was an established figure in the field of canine therapy since 2005.
CASE STUDY – RESQ CHARITABLE TREUST, BANGALORE:

ABOUT:
ARCHITECTS: Studio osmosis architects, Mumbai

A non profit organization working towards reducing human-animal conflict in Pune. It

was started in 2007. They have rescued and rehabilitated over 8000 injured and sick
street animals till date.
It comprises of a hospital, rehoming centre and conduct awareness programs among
public

SITE ZONING:
CASE STUDY – PALM SPRINGS ANIMAL SHELTER, USA:

ABOUT:
ARCHITECT: Swatt | miers architects
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS: Randy purnel landscape architects

The Palm Springs Animal Care Facility represents a unique public/private partnership
between the City and Friends of the Shelter. Located on a 3 acre site across from the
City’s Demuth Park, the exterior design reflects Palm Springs’ unique mid-century
architectural heritage.
CASE STUDY – MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, CHENNAI:

ABOUT:
The Madras veterinary college hospital is one of the oldest hospitals in the country.
The main admin block was built on the Indo saracenic architecture. The hospital
treats smal ruminants, large ruminants and companion animals and possess
excellent diagnostic and surgical facilities. It has both in patient and out patient
departments with various facilities provided for animals.
CASE STUDY – CESSNA LIFELINE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE:

ABOUT:
The Cessna lifeline hospital in Bangalore is a multi speciality hospital with expertise in various kind
of animals. The well lit space makes the animal comfortable. The hospital is also we
l known for its therapy spaces, spa and grooming centre for animals.

ZONING OF SPACES:
CASE STUDY – CUPA VETERINARY HOSPITAL, BANGALORE:

ABOUT:
CUPA (Compassion Unlimited Plus Action) ia a non-profit and a non-government
organization which was first of its kind in Bangalore.
It offers various facilities that adresses the critical aspects of animal welfare.
The CUPA veterinary hospital also runs 6 more centres in bangalore accomodating
thousands of animals.

ZONING OF SPACES:

INTERIOR SPACE PLANNING:

CASE STUDY – ROWAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL, USA

CONCEPT: The main concept behind the structure was to make the animal feel
like a home. The traditional method of construction was adapted.
The structure, after been burned down in 2012 was again reconstructed by reusing
the materials on a larger scale
SUPPORTIVE STUDY – DOG MUSEUM:

CONCEPT:
The main concept of the dog museum of the
museum is to combine contemporary architecture
with an experiential space
for the users.
The world’s first canine museum brings to the users,
the knowledge and experience about dogs with
atractive elements.
SUPPORTIVE STUDY – DOG MUSEUM:
SUPPORTIVE STUDY – KUCHING’SCAT MUSEUM:

LOCATION: FLOOR PLAN:

The strategic location in Kuching with

surrounding landscape all around
provides a calm environment for the
visitors and to experience the place in a
full fledged manner. The users are able
to know about varieties of cats.

ABOUT:
The World’s first Cat Museum, devoted to all things feline, is in Petra Jaya in the Kuching City
North City Hall. Cat lovers will find a range of exhibits, photos, feline art and cat souvenirs;
over 4,000 of them. The museum is housed on the ground on the City Hall building, spread
over four galleries covering a total area of 1,035 sq meter.
SITE PLAN:
SITE ANALYSIS:
SITE ANALYSIS:
SITE ANALYSIS:
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• HSUS guidelines for shelter
• Handbook on animal assisted therapy by Aubrey H. Fine
• Animal assisted therapy and equine assisted therapy/learning in
Canada: Surveying the state of field, its practitioners and practices by
Sarah Marie Schlote
• Interaction and emotional connection with pets: A descriptive analysis
from Puerto Rico
• Animal behaviour for shelter veterinarians and staff by Wiley Blackwell
• Animal problems / People skills: Emotional and interactional strategies
in humane education by Leslie Irvine
• Towards rehabilitation smart habitats: Designing for north American
opossum joeys by K. Cassie Kresnye
• Behavioural predictors of subsequent respiratory illness signs in dogs
admitted to an animal shelter
• VCI standards

RESOURCE PERSONS:
• Dr. Shanthi, Veterinarian, Saidapet veterinary hospital
• Dr. Anjana Thampy, Animal assisted therapist, Chennai
• Mr. Velu, Special recues manager, Blue cross of India, Chennai
• Mr. Sampath, Lighting consultant, Popular foundations pvt ltd,
Chennai
• Dr. Kalaiselvi, Acoustical consultant, Chennai
• Mr. Arul murugan, MEP consultant, Kausitech, Chennai