1. A part of each of the sentences below is marked.

Indicate by which of the

following linguistic structures the bold part is being realized:
A.finite verb phrase B.non - finite verb phrase C.prepositional phrase
D.noun phrase E.adjective phrase F.adverb phrase
G.non-finite clause H finite clause
1.Fire can cause great damage to any city. Noun phrase
2. The Great Fire of London started in a bakery. Prepositional phrase
3. It burnt furiously for four days. Adverb phrase
4. Pepys has given us a vivid account of it. Noun phrase
5. Who has given a vivid account of it? Finite verb phrase
6.The man who has just spoken is Benjamin Hall. Noun phrase
7.They suddenly decided to christen the bell Big Ben. Non-finite verb phrase
8.The man who won the contract was Dent. Noun phrase
9. The next day we were sitting in the car. Noun phrase
10. Leaving us at the gate, they disappeared. Non-finite clause
11. Leaving us at the gate likethat was very thoughtless. Non-finite clause
12. Hand the man at the gate your ticket. Noun phrase
13. I thoroughly enjoyed meeting June again. Non-finite phrase
14. Meeting her again has left me very happy. Adjective phrase
15. We doubts whether peace will last. Finite clause

2. Identify NOUN PHRASES, ADJ PHRASES, ADV PHRASES AND

PREP.PHRASES in the following sentences and indicate their
functions
1. They found her presentation on global warming quite persuasive.
They: S (Noun phrase)
her presentation on global warming: Od (Noun phrase)
quite persuasive: Co (Adjective phrase)
2. What colour is she going to dye her hair?
She: S (Noun phrase)
her hair: Od (Noun phrase)
What colour: Co (Noun phrase)
3. Young people are now surprised at the belief that people should give the
company their unconditional loyalty.
Young people: S (Noun phrase)
Now: Adverbial (Adverb phrase)
Surprised at the belief that people should give the company their unconditional
loyalty: Cs (Adjective phrase)
4. The data used by the “green” groups were collected decades earlier.
The data used by the “green” groups: S (Noun phrase)
decades earlier: Adverbial (Noun phrase)
5. Stocks of fish are declining at a much faster rate.
Stocks of fish: S (Noun phrase)
at a much faster rate: Adverbial (Prepositional phrase)
6. I considered him the best art critic to have emerged in London.
I: S (Noun phrase)
Him: Od (Noun phrase)
the best art critic: Co (Noun phrase)
in London: adverbial (Prepositional phrase)
7. He is in a good mood.
He: S (Noun phrase)
In a good mood: Cs (Noun phrase)
8. They are painted in a variety of methods.
They: S (Noun phrase)
painted in a variety of methods: Cs (Adjective phrase)
9. She has written me a very nice letter.
She: S (Noun phrase)
Me: Oi (Noun phrase)
a very nice letter: Od (Noun phrase)
10. I shall never forget the immense sensation of space the first moment we entered
that room.
I: S (Noun phrase)
the immense sensation of space the first moment we entered that room: Od (Noun
phrase)
11. A full moon was rising over Godrevy.
A full moon: S (Noun phrase)
over Godrevy: adverbial (Prepositional phrase)
12. The surprisingly increasing price of petrol is one of the reasons for the city’s
economic crisis.
The surprisingly increasing price of petrol: S (Noun phrase)
one of the reasons for the city’s economic crisis: Cs (Noun phrase)

3. Identify the constituent which realises Subject function in each of the

following clauses.
1. The use of caves for smuggling is as old as the hills.
Noun phrase
2. The light of a torch flickered.
Noun phrase
3. What the critics failed to understand is that his art was not sacrificed to
popularity.
 Finite clause
4. The list of people who she says helped her is long.
Noun phrase
5. The wind coming down form the snowfields above woke us every night as
we lay in our tent.
Noun phrase
6. There’s no way of knowing what goes on in their minds.
Introductory ‘There’
7. It’s 5 km away from here.
Preparatory subject

4. Write sentences as guided

1. S [V-ing P] makes us relaxed after a hard-working day.

Listening to music

2. S [ preparatory] seems to be a great challenge [real S].

It

3. S [finite clause] disappointed his parents.

What he said

4. S [non-finite clause] is my hobby.

Reading books

5. S [complex noun phrase] surprised all of us.

Her decision to buy a new car