Exercise 10.

1 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

Question # 1
Without using the tables, find the value of :
(i) sin(−780 ) (ii) cot(−855 ) (iii) csc(2040 )
(iv) csc(2040 ) (v) tan(1110 ) (iv) sin(−300 )
Solution
3
(i) sin(−780 ) = − sin 780 = − sin ( 4(90) + 60 ) = − sin(60) = −
2
(ii) cot(−855 ) = − cot855 = − cot ( 9(90) + 45 )
= − ( − tan 45 ) = tan 45 = 1 ∵ 855 is in the IInd quad.

(iii) csc(2040 ) = csc ( 22(90) + 60 ) = − csc(60) ∵ 2040 is in the Ist quad.

1 1 2
=− =− =−
sin ( 60 ) 3 3
2
(iv) sec(−960) = sec(960) = sec (10(90) + 60 ) = − sec60 ∵ 960 is in the IIIrd quad.
1 1
=− =− = −2
cos 60 1
2
1
(v) tan(1110) = tan (12(90) + 30 ) = tan(30) = ∵ 1110 is in the Ist quad
3
(vi) sin(−300) = − sin(300) = − sin ( 3(90) + 30 )
3
= −(− cos30 ) = cos30 = ∵ 300 is in the IIIrd quad.
2
Question # 2
Express each of the following as a trigonometric function of an angle of positive degree
measure of less than 45 .
(i) sin196 (ii) cos147 (iii) sin 319 (iv) cos 254
(v) tan 294 (vi) cos728 (vii) sin(−625 ) (viii) cos(−435 )
Solution
(i) sin196 = sin(180 + 16) = sin180 cos16 + cos180 sin16
= (0)cos16 + (−1)sin16 = − sin16

(ii) cos147 = cos(180 − 33) = cos180 cos33 + sin180 sin 33

= (−1)cos33 + (0)sin 33 = − cos33

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(iii) sin 319 = sin(360 − 41) = sin 360 cos 41 − cos360 sin 41 Now Do yourself

(iv) cos 254 = cos(270 − 16) Do yourself

sin 294 sin(270 + 24)

(v) tan 294 = =
cos 294 cos(270 + 24)
sin 270 cos 24 + cos 270 sin 24 (−1)cos 24 + (0)sin 24
= =
cos 270 cos 24 − sin 270 sin 24 (0)cos 24 − (−1)sin 24
− cos 24 + 0 − cos 24
= = = − cot 24
0 + sin 24 sin 24
Alternative Method:
tan 270 + tan 24
tan 294 = tan(270 + 24) =
1 − tan 270 tan 24
 tan 24   tan 24 
tan 270 1 + 1 + ∞ 
 tan 270 
= =  
 1  1 
tan 270  − tan 24   − tan 24 
 tan 270  ∞ 
=
(1 + 0 ) = − 1 = − cot 24
( 0 − tan 24 ) tan 24
(vi) cos 728 = cos(720 + 8) Now Do yourself

(vii) sin(−625 ) = − sin 625 = − sin(630 − 5)

= − ( sin 630 cos5 − cos 630 sin 5 ) = − ( (−1)cos5 − (0)sin 5 )
= − ( − cos5 − 0 ) = cos5

(viii) cos(−435 ) = cos 435

= cos(450 − 15) Now Do yourself

Question # 3
Prove the following:
(i) sin(180 + α )sin(90 − α ) = − sin α cos α
1
(ii) sin 780 sin 480 + cos120 sin 30 =
2
(iii) sin 306 + cos 234 + cos162 + cos18 = 0
(iv) cos330 sin 600 + cos120 sin150 = −1
Solution
(i) L.H.S = sin(180 + α )sin(90 − α )
= ( sin180 cosα + cos180 sin α ) )( sin 90 cosα − cos90 sin α )
= ( (0)cosα + (−1)sin α ) )( (1)cosα − (0)sin α )

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 FSc-I / 10.1 - 3

= ( 0 − sin α ) )( cosα − 0 ) = − sin α cosα = R.H.S

(ii) First we calculate
3
sin 780 = sin(720 + 60) = sin(2 × 360 + 60) = sin 60 =
2
sin 480 = sin(450 + 30) = sin 450 cos30 + cos 450 sin 30
3
= (1)cos30 + (0)sin 30 = cos30 + 0 =
2
1 1
cos120 = − and sin 30 = .
2 2
So L.H.S = sin 780 sin 480 + cos120 sin 30
 3  3   1  1  3 1 1
=   +  −   = − = = R.H.S
 2  2   2  2  4 4 2
(iii) First we calculate
cos306 = cos(270 + 36) = cos 270 cos36 − sin 270 sin 36
= (0)cos36 − (−1)sin 36 = 0 + sin 36 = sin 36
cos 234 = cos(270 − 36) = cos 270cos36 + sin 270cos36
= (0)cos36 + (−1)sin 36 = 0 − sin 36 = − sin 36
cos162 = cos(180 − 18) = cos180 cos18 + sin180 sin18
= (−1)cos18 + (0)sin18 = − cos18 + 0 = − cos18
So L.H.S = sin 306 + cos 234 + cos162 + cos18
= sin 36 − sin 36 − cos18 + cos18 = 0 = R.H.S
(iv) First we calculate (Alternative Method)
3
cos330 = cos(360 − 30) = cos(−30 ) = cos(30 ) =
2
3
sin 600 = sin(6 × 90 + 60) = − sin 60 = − ∵ 600 is in the IIIrd quad
2
1
cos120 = cos(90 + 30) = − sin 30 = − ∵ 120 is in the IInd quad
2
1
sin150 = sin(90 + 60) = cos60 = ∵ 150 is in the IInd quad
2
So L.H.S = cos330 sin 600 + cos120 sin150
 3  3   1  1  3 1 4
=  −  +  −   = − − = − = −1 = R.H.S
 2  2   2  2  4 4 4

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Question # 4
Prove that;
 3π 
sin 2 (π + θ ) tan  +θ 
(i)  2  = cosθ
2  3π  2
cot  − θ  cos (π − θ ) cosec ( 2π − θ )
 2 

(ii)
( )
cos 90 + θ sec ( −θ ) tan 180 − θ ( )
= −1
( ) (
sec 360 − θ sin 180 + θ cot 90 − θ ) ( )
Solution
(i) First we calculate
sin(π + θ ) = sin π cosθ + cos π sin θ = (0)cosθ + (−1)sin θ
= 0 − sin θ = − sin θ
 3π   π  3π
tan  + θ  = tan  3 ⋅ + θ  = − cot θ ∵ + θ is in the IVth quad
 2   2  2
 3π   π  3π
cot  − θ  = cot  3 ⋅ − θ  = tan θ ∵ − θ is in the IIIrd quad
 2   2  2
cos(π − θ ) = cos π cosθ + sin π sin θ = (−1)cosθ + (0)sin θ
= − cosθ + 0 = − cosθ
csc(2π − θ ) = csc(−θ ) = − cscθ
Now
 3π 
sin 2 (π + θ ) tan  +θ 
L.H.S =  2 
 3π 
cot  − θ  cos 2 (π − θ ) csc(2π − θ )
 2 
(− sin θ )2 ( − cot θ ) sin 2 θ ( − cot θ )
= 2
=
( tanθ ) (− cosθ ) (− cscθ ) tan 2 θ cos 2 θ (− cscθ )
2

cosθ
sin 2 θ
sin θ sin θ cosθ
= 2
= = cosθ = R.H.S
sin θ 1 sin θ
2
cos 2 θ
cos θ sin θ

(ii) First we calculate

cos(90 + θ ) = − sin θ ∵ 90 + θ is in the IInd quad.
sec(−θ ) = secθ
tan(180 − θ ) = tan ( 2(90) − θ ) = − tan θ ∵ 180 − θ is in the IInd quad.
sec(360 − θ ) = sec(−θ ) = secθ
sin(180 + θ ) = sin ( 2(90) + θ ) = − sin θ ∵ 180 + θ is in the IIIrd quad.
cot(90 − θ ) = tan θ ∵ 90 − θ is in the Ist quad.
Now

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cos(90 + θ ) sec(−θ ) tan(180 − θ )

L.H.S =
sec(360 − θ ) sin(180 + θ ) cot(90 − θ )
(− sin θ )secθ (− tan θ )
= = 1 = R.H.S
secθ (− sin θ ) (− tan θ )

Question # 5
If α , β , γ are the angles of a triangle ABC , then prove that;
α + β  γ
(i) sin (α + β ) = sin γ (ii) cos   = sin
 2  2
(iii) cos(α + β ) = cos γ (iv) tan(α + β ) + tan γ = 0
Solution
(i) Since α , β and γ are angels of triangle therefore
α + β + γ = 180 ⇒ α + β = 180 − γ
Now L.H.S = sin(α + β ) = sin(180 − γ )
= sin180 cos γ − cos180 sin γ
= (0)cos γ − (−1)sin γ = 0 + sin γ = sin γ = R.H.S

(ii) Since α , β and γ are angels of triangle therefore

α + β + γ = 180
α + β 180 − γ
⇒ α + β = 180 − γ ⇒ =
2 2
α + β   180 − γ   180 γ 
Now L.H.S = cos   = cos   = cos  − 
 2   2   2 2
 γ γ γ
= cos  90 −  = cos90 cos + sin 90 sin
 2 2 2
γ γ γ γ
= (0) cos + (1) sin = 0 + sin = sin = R.H.S
2 2 2 2
(iii) Since α , β and γ are angels of triangle therefore
α + β + γ = 180 ⇒ α + β = 180 − γ
Now L.H.S = cos(α + β ) = cos(180 − γ )
= cos180 cos γ + sin180 sin γ
= (−1)cos γ + (0)sin γ = − cos γ + 0 = − cos γ = R.H.S

(iv) Since α , β and γ are angels of triangle therefore

α + β + γ = 180 ⇒ α + β = 180 − γ
Now L.H.S = tan(α + β ) + tan γ = tan(180 − γ ) + tan γ
tan180 − tan γ
= + tan γ
1 + tan180 tan γ

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(0) − tan γ − tan γ

= + tan γ = + tan γ
1 + (0) tan γ 1+ 0
= − tan γ + tan γ = 0 = R.H.S

Remember:
● sin (α + β ) = sin α cos β + cosα sin β ● sin (α − β ) = sin α cos β − cosα sin β
● cos (α + β ) = cosα cos β − sin α sin β ● cos (α − β ) = cosα cos β + sin α sin β
tan α + tan β tan α − tan β
tan (α + β ) = tan (α − β ) =
● 1 − tan α tan β ● 1 + tan α tan β
 π 
Three Steps to solve sin  n ⋅ ± θ 
 2 
Step I: First check that n is even or odd
Step II: If n is even then the answer will be in sin and if the n is odd then sin will be
converted to cos and vice virsa (i.e. cos will be converted to sin).
π
Step III: Now check in which quadrant n ⋅ ± θ is lying if it is in Ist or IInd quadrant
2
the answer will be positive as sin is positive in these quadrant and if it is in the IIIrd or
IVth quadrant the answer will be negative.
e.g. sin 667 = sin ( 7(90) + 37 )
Since n = 7 is odd so answer will be in cos and 667 is in IVth quadrant and sin is
–ive in IVth quadrant therefore answer will be in negative. i.e sin 667 = − cos37
Similar technique is used for other trigonometric rations. i.e tan cot and sec csc .

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Book: Exercise 10.1

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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