a.

In the early 1910s, one of the greatest strides forward that took place in movies
occurred. The average film length had increased from a few minutes to about 20 in the
10 years prior. The 1910s would see the release of The Birth of a Nation (1915), a film
that had a running time of more than 3 hours, by DW Griffith.
A true game changer was the success of this film. After its release, film running times jump up
to 1 hour plus within a decade or so. The writing was already on the wall, despite short films
enjoying their golden age during the 1910's and early 1920's.
Back to Where It All Began – The Birth of Cinema
In the late 1800's, Thomas Edison first introduced moving images to the U.S. In 1894, his
machine, which he called the Kinetoscope, was finally ready. Just one audience at a time could
be entertained by the gadget. There were two brothers working on another cinematic format in
Europe. It is widely considered that the Lumiere Brothers were the first to show the real power
of cinema to viewers. It has been said that members of the audience were so frightened at the
premiere of their film Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat that they ran screaming at the sight of a train
heading straight to them.

What Would A Movie Become?

The first films were simply 'action' one-shot sequences. The Great Train Robbery (1903), by
Edwin S Porter, is considered the best example of early cinema. By the early 1900s, it was clear
that many different styles and genres were going to be part of cinema. One of the most famous
early films of all time is Louis Méliès 'A Journey to the Moon.
The Golden Era For Short Films: 1910’s
Charlie Chaplin was said to be the most famous man alive during the 1910's and 1920's. One of
the world's most loved and admired interests was making movies in the 1910s. In converted
theatres, audiences throughout the US and Europe were able to see movies.
Change Is Inevitable: The 1920’s and the Beginning of The Decline
Chaplin made his last short in 1923 and then switched to making what we now call feature films.
During WW2, short films underwent something of a revival thanks to their use as a propaganda
tool. Despite this, there were still lots of short films being made. One genre that flourished is the
cartoon. Disney films, in particular, would help keep mainstream shorts alive. The golden era of
experimental shorts was in the 1960's, and with filmmakers such as Andy Warhol. The genre
has been extremely productive ever since the days of Méliès. The last of Chaplin's short films
was released in 1929 and he stopped making them in 1931.

Collective understanding is brought by short documentary films, which raises the opportunity for
improvement. Short films, since they are simple forms of entertainment, are often important to
viewers and communities. Discovering new filmmakers and becoming super fans of those
filmmakers is enjoyable for film enthusiasts. A filmmaker can find an audience on YouTube with an
internet connection, and an audience with a niche interest or uncommon affinity for the film's
obscure genre can find its filmmakers in the same place. The viewer profits from the short firm
because he or she just has to sit through it for the audience member if the subject matter is not
attractive or the film is unpleasant to the audience member.
 b. The short film is considered a stepping stone to making a feature. Sometimes it's best to
take risks and explore the process, especially when starting out. Good stories come in
all lengths. You might find one best told in twenty minutes instead of one hundred and
twenty minutes. It doesn't make a filmmaker's career, but it augments it.

Conclusion
Principal photography is the most expensive phase of film production. It can take anywhere from
a few weeks to a few months, depending on the length and complexity of the film. The more
prepared you are, the less surprises during shooting or postproduction you may experience.
According to Studio Binder, for a one-minute drama film you might need to shoot between three
and five minutes of video. For principal photography, an additional crew will be hired to follow
the shooting plan set by the director. Your production coordinator will supervise the day-to-day
and make sure all supplemental departments have the necessary resources to stay on track.
There are some standard practices that are universal across television, features, and other
visual mediums. Depending on the size of the project, its budget.

The production stage, also known as principal photography, is when shooting begins. During
this short timeframe, an additional crew will be hired. Camera operators and grips will follow the
shooting plan set by the director and cinematographer. Your production coordinator will
supervise the day-to-day and make sure all supplemental departments have the necessary
resources to stay on track (MasterClass, 2020). According to Production Guild of Great Britain,
communication is key between location, set, office, production company, distributors. It is nearly
always the most expensive phase of film production. Actor, director, and set crew salaries, as
well as certain shots, props, and special effects.

Make sure you're confident with your equipment before you start filming. For a one-minute
drama film you might need to shoot between three and five minutes of video. Watch what you've
filmed and check it's OK before you leave the location. If you're recording live sound, pay
particular attention to the sound quality and make sure to record some background sound or
'ambience'. (Tom Barrance)

The film post production process typically begins with picture editing. This is when the raw
footage is pieced together to tell the overall story. Artists and engineers design computer-
generated visual effects. Color grading creates consistency across shots, and can establish the
mood of the scene or film. It can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months, depending
on the length and complexity of the film. The editing process isn't completed in one single pass,
and additional edits will be made until you land on the final version (Skillshare, 2020). According
to the Production Guild of Great Britain, The bulk of post-production consists of reviewing the
footage and assembling the movie. The picture will now be locked and delivery elements will be
created. The film will go into the cinema and/or be distributed via various platforms such as
Amazon Prime, Netflix, and HBO.

There are some standard practices that are universal across television, features, and other
visual mediums. Depending on the size of the project, its budget, and which arena you're in, the
Post-Production process will vary. We'll briefly define the process, and get into the stages that
are generally part of the process (Alyssa Maio, 2019).