Bahir Dar University

Bahir Dar Institute of Technology

Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Electrical Machine and Drives (EEng 3202)

CHAPTER TWO
DC MACHINES

By: Abdulkerim Ali

abduali548@gmail.com
 Outlines

 Introduction

 Classification of DC Machine

 Equation of DC Machine

 Characteristics of DC Machine

 Speed control of DC Machine

 Parallel operation DC Machine

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

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APPLICATION

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 APPLICATION

textiles

textiles mills

mines

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APPLICATION

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C O N S TR UC TION

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, Brush

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C O N S TR UC TION: A R M ATUR E

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 C O N S TR UC TION :

Commutator

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C O N S TR UC TION: A R M ATUR E W I N D I NG

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C O N S TR UC TION : A R M ATUR E W I N D I NG

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C O N S TR UC TION: A R M ATUR E W I N D I NG

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C O N S TR UC TION: A R M ATUR E W I N D I NG

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C O N S TR UC TION: A R M ATUR E W I N D I NG

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C O N S TR UC TION: A R M ATUR E W I N D I NG

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D C M O TO R: P R I N C I PLE O F O P ER ATION

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D C M O TO R: P R I N C I PLE O F O P ER ATION

Right Hand Rule- Generator

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D C M O TO R: P R I N C I PLE O F O P ER ATION

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P R I N C I P L E O F O P E R AT I O N : B A C K E M F

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DEVELOPED (ELECTROMAGNETIC)
TO R Q U E

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C LA S S I F IC ATION O F D C M A C H INES

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C LA S S I F IC ATION O F D C M A C H INES

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C LA S S I F IC ATION O F D C M A C H INES

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D C M A C H I N E E Q U AT I O N S

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D C M A C H I N E E Q U AT I O N S

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D C M A C H I N E E Q U AT I O N S

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P O W ER F LO W

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POWER FLOW

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EF F I C I EN C Y

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D C M O TO R C H A R A CTER IS TIC S

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TO R Q U E - S P E E D C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

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TO R Q U E - S P E E D C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

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TO R Q U E - S P E E D C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

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TO R Q U E - S P E E D C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

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C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F D C G E N E R ATO R

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M A G N E T I Z AT I O N ( S AT U R AT I O N ) C U RV E

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 S P EED C O N TR O L O F D C M O TO R

The speed of a d.c. motor is given by:

i. By varying the flux per pole (f). This is known as Flux control method.
ii. By varying the resistance in the armature circuit. This is known as
Armature control method.
iii. By varying the applied voltage V. This is known as Voltage control
method.
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 S P EED C O N TR O L O F D C M O TO R

Speed Control of D.C. Shunt Motors

1. Flux control method

 If we increase the shunt field rheostat , it will be reduces the

shunt field current Ish and hence the flux f.
 Therefore, we can only raise the speed of the motor above the
normal speed

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 S P EED C O N T R O L O F D C M O TO R

2. Armature control method

 Due to voltage drop in the controller resistance, the back emf.

(Eb) is decreased. Since N ∝ Eb, the speed of the motor is
reduced.
 The highest speed obtainable is that corresponding to RC = 0
i.e., normal speed.
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 S P EED C ON TR OL OF D C M OTOR

3. Voltage control method

This method of speed control is employed for large size motors
where efficiency is of great importance.
1. Multiple voltage control: The shunt field of the motor is
connected permanently across a-fixed voltage source.
2. Ward-Leonard system: The adjustable voltage for the armature
is obtained from an adjustable-voltage generator while the field
circuit is supplied from a separate source.

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 S P EED C O N TR O L O F D C M O TO R

Speed Control of D.C. Series Motors

1. Field diverters

 The lowest speed obtainable is that corresponding to zero current in

the diverter
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 S P EE D C O N T R O L O F D C M O TO R

2. Armature diverter

 The diverter shunts some of the line current, thus reducing the
armature current. Now for a given load, if Ia is decreased, the flux f
must increase the motor speed is decreased.

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 PA R A L L E L O P E R AT I O N O F
D C G E N E R AT O R

The generators should satisfy the following conditions.

 The terminal voltage must be the same.

 The polarities of the generator must be identical.

 The prime movers driving the armature of the generators must have
similar and stable rotational characteristics.

 The change of voltage with the change of load must be the same
character

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 PA R A L L E L O P E R AT I O N O F
D C G E N E R ATO R

The Major Advantages of Many Units Operating in Parallel are:

 Service continuity
 Efficient working
 Repair facility
 Extension facility
 Stand by unit capacity reduces

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