Adamson University

College of Law

SYLLABUS for CRIMINAL LAW 1

Atty. Jeffrey B. Bajita, MS Crim.

Professor

References:
The Revised Penal Code, and any annotated Criminal Law books authored by
Reyes, Regalado, Gregorio, Ortega, Sandoval, Boado, Campanilla, and Bajita.

I. CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL LAW

No common law crime in the Philippines
 US vs Taylor, 28 Phil. 509, 604

Limitations on the power of the lawmaking body to enact penal legislation

 Article III, Section 14, & 22 of the 1987 Constitution

Enactment of Penal Statutes

 Romualdez vs. COMELEC, GR 167011 April 30, 2008
 Southern Hemisphere vs. Anti – Terrorism Council, GR 178552 Oct. 5,
2010
 Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, November 19, 2011
 People vs. Dacuycuy, G.R. No. L-45217 May 5, 1929

II. CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL LAW

1. Generality
Immunity
 US vs Sweet, 1 Phil. 18

2. Territoriality
 People vs. Lol-lo and Saraw, 43 Phil. 19

3. Prospectivity vs. Retroactivity

 US vs Cuna, 12 Phil. 241
 People vs Sindiong and Pastor, 77 Phil. 1000
 People vs Garcia, 94 Phil. 814, 815
 People vs Mangulabnan, 99 Phil. 992, 998

III. DEFINITION AND NATURE OF FELONY

Dolo vs. Culpa
 People vs. Ah Chong, 15 Phil. 257
 People vs. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257
 People vs. Pugay, GR L-74324 Nov. 17, 1988
 People vs. Garcia, GR 153591 February 23, 2004
 Garcia vs. CA, GR 157171 March 14, 2006
 Ivler vs. San Pedro, G.R No. 172716, November 17, 2010
 People vs Guillen, 85 Phil. 307

Mal In Se vs. Mala Prohibita

 People vs. Bayona, 61 Phil. 181
 US vs. Chico, 14 Phil. 128

IV. CRIMINAL LIABILITY

 People vs Pugay, 167 SCRA 439
 Intod vs. Court Of Appeals, 215 SCRA 52

V. STAGES OF EXECUTION OF FELONY

Subjective and Objective Phase of a Felony

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  US vs. Eduave, 36 Phil. 209

Rape
 People vs. Orita, 184 SCRA 105
 People vs. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270

Theft
 Valenzuela vs. People, 525 SCRA 306

Robbery
 People vs. Lamahang, 62 Phil. 703
 People vs. Salvillam, 184 SCRA 671

Murder
 Epifanio vs. People, GR 157057, June 26, 2007
 People vs. Sy Pio, 94 Phil. 885
 People vs Ravelo, 202 SCRA 655

Homicide
 People vs. Kalalom, 59 Phil. 715

Estafa
 US vs. Dominguez, 41 Phil. 409

Bribery
 Pozar vs. CA, GR L-62439, October 23, 1984

Arson
 US vs. Valdez, 39 Phil. 240

VI. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL LIABILITY

1. Justifying Circumstances
Self Defense
Unlawful Aggression
 People vs. Manaban, GR 150723, July 11, 2006
 People vs. Alconga, 78 Phil. 366
 People vs. Genosa, 419 SCRA 537
Test of Real and Imminent Peril
 Senoja vs. People, GR. 160341, October 19, 2004

Reasonable Necessity
 People vs, Razon, GR 158053 June 21, 2007
 Esteban vs. People, 127 SCRA 783
 People vs. Luague, 62 Phil. 504
 People vs. Dela Cruz, 61 Phil. 344
 People vs. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174

Sufficient Provocation
 People vs. Oriente, GR 155094, January 30, 2007

Defense of Property
 People vs. Apolinar, 38 OG 2870
 US vs. Bumanglag, 14 Phil. 644
 People vs. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 399

Self – Defense in Libel

 People vs. Chua Hong, (CA), 51 OG 1932
 People vs. Pelayo, 64 OG 1991

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State of Necessity
 Tan vs. Standard Vacuum Oil Co., 91 Phil. 672

Fulfillment of Duty and Exercise of Right

 People vs. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257

Lawful Order
 People vs. Beronilla, 96 Phil. 566
 People vs. Barroga, 54 Phil. 247

2. Exempting Circumstances
Insanity/ Imbecility
 People vs. Ambal, 100 SCRA 325
 People vs. Puno, 105 SCRA 151
 People vs. Dungo, 199 SCRA 860
 People vs. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255

Minority
 People vs. Estepano, 307 SCRA 701
 Llave vs. People, G.R No. 166040,. April26, 2006
 Jarco vs. CA, 321 SCRA 375
 Guevarra vs. Almodovar, 169 SCRA 476
 People vs. Sarcia, GR 169641, September 10, 2009
 People vs. Mantalaba, GR 186227, July 20, 2011

Irresistible Force/ Uncontrollable Fear

 US vs. Caballeros, 4 Phil. 350
 US vs. Exaltacion, 3 Phil. 339

Accident
 Pomoy vs. People, 439 SCRA 439

Absolutory Causes
 People vs. Doria, 301 SCRA 668

3. Mitigating Circumstances
Lack of intention to commit so grave a wrong
 People vs. Ural, 56 SCRA 138
 People vs. Callet, GR 135701 May 9, 2002

Sufficient Provocation
 People vs. Leonor, 305 SCRA 285
 People vs. Espina, GR 132325 July 16, 2002

Immediate vindication of a grave offense

 People vs. Diokno, 63 Phil. 601
 US vs. Ampar, 37 Phil. 201
 People vs. Pajares, 210 SCRA 237

Passion of Obfuscation
 People vs. Adlawan, GR 131839, January 30, 2002
 US vs. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217
 US vs. Dela Cruz, 22 Phil. 429

Illness
 People vs. Crisostomo, GR L-32243, April 15, 1988
 People vs. Javier, 311 SCRA 576

Analogous Circumstances
 People vs. Narvasa, 76 SCRA 70

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  Canta vs. People, 353 SCRA 250

4. Aggravating Circumstances
Insult to Public Authorities
 People vs. Rodil, 109 SCRA 308
 People vs. Tac-an, 182 SCRA 601

Dwelling
 People vs. Sto. Tomas, 138 SCRA 206
 People vs. Apduhan, 24 SCRA 798

Nightime
 People vs. Garcia, et. Al., GR L-30449, Oct. 31, 1979

Evident Premeditation
 US vs. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77
 People vs. Discalsota, G.R. No. 136892, April 11, 2002

Treachery
 US vs. Baluyot, 40 Phil. 385
 People vs. Escote, GR 140756, April 4, 2003, 400 SCRA 603
 People vs. Caratao, G.R. No. 126281 June 10, 2003
 People vs. Sitchon, G.R No. 134362 February 27, 2002
 People vs. Ancheta, G.R. Nos. 138306-07 December 21, 2001

Ignominy
 People vs. Alfanta, 320 SCRA 357
 People vs. Dizon, GR 134802 October 26, 2001

5. Alternative Circumstances

VII. PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE

1. Principals
Conspiracy
 People vs. Pelagio, 20 SCRA 153
 People vs. Federico, 247 SCRA 246
 People vs. Aguilos, GR 121828, June 27, 2003

Principals by Inducement
 US vs. Indanan, 24 Phil. 203
 People vs. Kiichi Omine, 61 Phil. 609

Principals by Indispensable Cooperation

 People vs. Montealegre, GR 67948, May 31, 1988
 US vs. Lim Buanco, 14 Phil. 472
 People vs. Madali, 188 SCRA 69

2. Accomplices
 People vs. Tamayo, 44 Phil. 38
 People vs. Realon, 99 SCRA 422
 People vs. Doctolero, 193 SCRA 632
 People vs. Watimar, G.R. Nos. 121651-52 August 16, 2000

3. Accessories
Profiting from the effects of the crime
 Mendoza vs. People, 157 SCRA 464
 Taer vs. CA., 186 SCRA 598

PD 1612

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  Dizon – Pamintuan vs. People, 234 SCRA 63
 Tan vs. People, 313 SCRA 220

Assisting the Principal to escape

 People vs. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19
 Vino vs. People, 178 SCRA 626

VIII. COMPLEX CRIMES

Compound
 People vs. Pincalin, 102 SCRA 136
 People vs. Toling, 62 SCRA 17
 People vs. Tabaco, 270 SCRA 32

Complex Crime Proper

 Enrile vs. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217
 People vs. Valdez, 304 SCRA 611
 People vs. Garcia, GR 141125, February 28, 2002
 People vs. Alfeche, G.R. No. 124213, August 17, 1998, 294 SCRA 352
 Batulanon vs. People, GR No. 139857, September 15, 2006

Continued Crime
 People vs. De Leon, 49 Phio. 437
 Santiago vs. Garchitorena, GR 109266, Dec. 2, 1993
 Gamboa vs. CA, GR L-41054, November 28, 1975
 People vs. Peñas, GR 46353-46355, Dec. 5, 1938
 People vs. Madrigal – Gonzales, Nos. L-16688-90, 7 SCRA 942

IX. EXTENT AND APPLICATION OF PENALTIES

Death Penalty
 People vs. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, October 30, 2006
 People vs. Simon, 234 SCRA 555

Nature and Theories

Classes
Habitual Delinquency
Juvenile Delinquency
Indeterminate Sentence Law

X. EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Pardon and Amnesty
 People vs. Patriarca, et. Al., GR 135457, Sept. 29, 2000

Prescription
 Domingo vs. Sandiganbayan, 322 SCRA 655
 People vs. Pacificador, 354 SCRA 310
 Sermonia vs. CA, G.R. No. 109454, June 14, 1994
 Romualdez vs. CA, G.R. No. 165510-33, July 28, 2006

Probation Law
 Llamado vs. CA, 174 SCRA 566
 Bala vs. Martinez, 181 SCRA 459
 Salgado vs. CA, 189 SCRA 304
 Francisco vs. CA, 313 Phil. 241 (1995)
 Moreno vs. COMELEC, GR 168550, August 10, 2006
 Colinares vs. CA, GR 182748, December 13, 2011

XI. CIVIL LIABILITY

Subsidiary Liability

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  Basilio vs. CA, GR 11343, March 17, 2000
 PRBL vs. Mangawang, 458 SCRA 684

Persons civilly liable for felonies

 Carpio vs. Doroja, 180 SCRA 1

What civil liability includes

 Heirs of Raymundo Castro vs. Bustos, 27 SCRA 327

Extinction of Civil Liability

 People vs. Bayotas, 236 SCRA 329