1

Professional Academy of the Philippines

South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

The Effectiveness of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentud) and Seaweed

(Codium fragile) as Environmental Friendly and Organic Glue

Amistad, Daniella Jane

Tapales, Seph Relle

Alicaway, Ross Nuncia

Cayme, John Bryle

Laag, John Robert

Rentosa, Mark Bineth

Cabunillas, Janwell

Requinto, Redjie

Researchers

Sir Rendon Padayao

Research Adviser

March 2020
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Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

The population of students is increasing every year. Students have many

obligations especially in terms of paper works. Glue is considered as one of the useful

materials needed in making paper works. However, not all of the students are fortunate to

afford glues. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentud) and Seaweed (Codium fragile) are

commonly suggested in this study due to it's mucilage which give it's slimy characteristic

as glue have. Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some

microorganisms. These microorganisms include protists which use it for their

locomotion. Mucilage in plants plays a role in the storage of water and food, seed

germination, and thickening membranes. This mucilage has a good potential to become

an alternative glue. By extracting the mucilage inside through boiling, separating and

filtration processes, it possibly releases its mucilage which can be derived in making

glue. We conducted this study to have a friendly organic alternative glue and to help all

of those people who are unfortunate. In addition, we can also avoid toxics that can harm

everyone's health.

According to Borreli, L. (2015), okra is used as a thickening agent in soups like

gumbo because of its ooey-gooey texture, but it can double as a nutritional powerhouse

filled with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that provide an array of health benefits

from treating diabetes to preventing kidney disease. A single cup of raw okra has a little

over 30 calories, about 3 grams of dietary fiber, 2 grams of protein, 7.6 grams
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carbohydrates, 0.1 grams of fat, 21 milligrams of vitamin C, around 88 micrograms of

folate, and 57 milligrams of magnesium. This makes okra a nutrition hero and a very

available food when it comes to our health. Rajapakse, N. (2016) stated that food value of

seaweed, several health benefits have also been reported to be present in this valuable

food source. It is presumed that the unique features of the marine environment, where the

seaweeds are grown, are mainly responsible for most of its properties. Among the

functional effects of the seaweed, nutritional and health-related benefits have been widely

studied. Compared to the terrestrial plants and animal-based foods, seaweed is rich in

some health-promoting molecules and materials such as, dietary fiber, ω-3 fatty acids,

essential amino acids, and vitamins A, B, C, and E. The nutritive value of seaweed and

the functional effects of its soluble fiber are discussed with a special reference to the

digestive health promotion of human. Okra contains several healthy components

including vitamins and minerals, and antioxidants like B1 and B2, quercetin, rutin,

catechin, and epiatechin. It’s also known for high vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate

content. Studies have indicated the vitamin C content of okra could help with asthma and

even skin conditions. But many of the health benefits of okra come from it’s superior

fiber content. As a fibre source, it helps to regulate digestion and maintain blood sugar

levels. The inclusion of pectin also makes it a great choice for helping to reduce

cholesterol (Quartz, B. (2015).

The authors that are mentioned above stated the health benefits of okra and

seaweed in its every different aspect. The first author stated that okra is used as a

thickening agent in soups because of it’s ooey-gooey texture. This statement gave us a

hint to make okra as an alternative glue since it has a thick substance which is called
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mucilage. As what we all know, glue is also a thick substance as okra’s mucilage have.

On the other hand, the second author also stated that seaweed is rich in some health-

promoting molecules and has a special reference to the digestive health promotion of

human which is perfect to our study because we aim to produce a friendly organic glue

and to lessen the glues with toxic chemical substance which other glues contains. Lastly,

the third author stated that vitamin C (content of okra) could help with asthma and even

skin conditions. By these health benefits of okra, we concluded that it can also be useful

not just in medical aspects but also in educational purposes.

In this research paper, we aim to produce a friendly organic glue alternative from

abelmoschus esculentud known as okra or lady’s finger and codium fragile also known as

seaweed. These have a lot of health benefits in human which made us think that it can

also be useful in other aspects that can help human’s daily living. This study will be very

helpful to everyone especially to those who are in need such as the students and workers

particularly the teachers and the office workers. This proposed study aims to make a

friendly organic alternative glues from okra and seaweeds. After making this product we

will test its effectiveness through conducting experiments. We researchers will take note

the different drying duration upon applying this paste to different kind of papers and

measures the bond strength.

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Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this study is to know the effectiveness of Seaweed and okra

as a glue alternatives. The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the components of Okra and Seaweed that can make it as glue alternatives?

2. What type of surface of paper that the product can bind based upon its strong bond?

3. How fast does the product dry?

4. Based on the outcomes of the study, what can be recommended for the improvement of

this environmental friendly and organic glue?

Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis: The use of okra and seaweed as a main component of an

alternative glue shows significant effect

Alternative Hypothesis: The use of okra and seaweed as a main component of an

alternative glue shows no significant effect for using it as glue substitutes.

Significance of the Study

Glue is a common adhesives used in schools, houses, offices and even in

construction. It is one of the oldest and versatile adhesives. From the white glue used in

household crafts to the commercial grade glue utilized in furniture and even automobile

manufacturing. Glue is basic alt part of the everyday life. Environmental friendly and

organic glue is essential in this generation for lots of commercial glue exist that contains

chemicals. Through this study, making organic glue can lessen the hazardous chemicals

that can be used and found in commercial glue. In this world that full of modernized
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stuff, environmental friendly and organic glue especially it is one of the basic need of the

students. It is beneficial to citizens also because adhesives are commonly used in schools

to bind materials such as papers and cardboards. Citizens include businessman and

craftsman who work on different projects that involves the use of adhesives.

Businessman who invest on cheap materials with large quantities will surely benefits

from the product. The mere use of this product, Seaweed and Okra as environmental

friendly and organic glue can already contribute in saving our Earth. Knowing that it is

eco-friendly and organic, thus it is the safer to use among the commercial glue

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The main focus of this study is to produce an environmental friendly and organic

glue using seaweed and okra. It aims to test its effectiveness through conducting different

experiments. This research is to be conducted on the second semester of school year

2019-2020.The study can give benefits not just for the students but also for the earth

since it is organic. The benefits that they can gain will be so much more helpful to their

studies since paper works, projects and etc. are common in school. The study is limited

only the usage of seaweed and okra and the materials the product will bind, the products

strength to bind and how fast does the product dry based on the different surfaces of

paper.
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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally by the researchers for classification

and clearer understanding about this study

Antioxidants

Are compounds that inhibit oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce

free radicals, thereby leading to chain reactions that may damage the cells of organisms.

Antioxidants such as thiols or ascorbic acid terminate these chain reactions.

Asthma

A condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can

make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. For some

people, asthma is a minor nuisance.

Filtration

A physical, biological or chemical operation that separates solid matter and fluid from a

mixture with a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass.

Folate

Also known as vitamin B₉ and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid,

which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food

fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage.

Gumbo
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A stew popular in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the official state cuisine. Gumbo

consists primarily of a strongly-flavored stock, meat or shellfish, a thickener, and what

Louisianians call the "Holy Trinity" of vegetables, namely celery, bell peppers, and onions

Molecule

An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge.

Mucilage

A thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms. These

microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion. The direction of their

movement is always opposite to that of the secretion of mucilage. It is a polar glycoprotein and an

exopolysaccharide.

Okra

Also known as Abelmoschus esculentus, known in many English-speaking countries as

ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green

seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of West African,

Ethiopian, and South Asian origins.

Pectin

A structural acidic heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial

plants. Its main component is galacturonic acid, a sugar acid derived from galactose. It was first

isolated and described in 1825 by Henri Braconnot.

Protists
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Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. The protists do not form

a natural group, or clade, since they exclude certain eukaryotes with whom they share a common

ancestor i.e. some protists are more closely related to plants or animals than they are to other

protists

Seaweed

Also known as Codium fragile, any of the red, green, or brown marine algae that grow

along seashores. Seaweeds are generally anchored to the sea bottom or other solid structures by

rootlike “holdfasts,” which perform the sole function of attachment and do not extract nutrients as

do the roots of higher plants.

Terrestrial plant

A plant that grows on, in, or from land. Other types of plants are aquatic, epiphytic and

lithophytic.
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Chapter 2

Conceptual Framework

Fig 1: IPO Model-Okra and Seaweed as an alternative glue

Independent Variable

Okra and Seaweed

Dependent Variable

Extracted then thickened

Glue
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Figure 1 describes the conceptual framework of the study wherein the Okra and

Seaweed are the independent variables in this study and the glue is the dependent

variable. The thickening process will be done to produce the desired output, which is the

glue, using the extract of seaweed and okra with the aid of extenders such as water. The

researchers aim to know the effectiveness of Okra (Abelmoschus and esculentud) and

Seaweed (Codium fragile) as an alternative.

According to Andreas Hensel ( 2016) , Traditional Asian and African medicine use

immature okra fruits (Abelmoschus esculentus) as mucilaginous food to combat gastritis.

Its effectiveness is due to polysaccharides that inhibit the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori

to stomach tissue. The present study investigates the antiadhesive effect in mechanistic

detail. A standardized aqueous fresh extract (Okra FE) from immature okra fruits was

used for a quantitative in vitro adhesion assay with FITC-labled H. pylori J99, 2 clinical

isolates, AGS cells, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Bacterial adhesins affected

by FE were pinpointed using a dot-blot overlay assay with immobilized Lewis(b), sialyl-

Lewis(a), H-1, laminin, and fibronectin. (125)I-radiolabeled Okra FE polymer served for

binding studies to different H. pylori strains and interaction experiments with BabA and

SabA. Iron nanoparticles with different coatings were used to investigate the influence of

the charge-dependence of an interaction on the H. pylori surface. Okra FE dose-

dependently (0.2 to 2 mg/mL) inhibited H. pylori binding to AGS cells. FE inhibited the

adhesive binding of membrane proteins BabA, SabA, and HpA to its specific ligands.

Radiolabeled compounds from FE bound non-specifically to different strains of H. pylori,

as well as to BabA/SabA deficient mutants, indicating an interaction with a still-unknown

membrane structure in the vicinity of the adhesins. The binding depended on the charge
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of the inhibitors. Okra FE did not lead to subsequent feedback regulation or increased

expression of adhesins or virulence factors. Non-specific interactions between high

molecular compounds from okra fruits and the H. pylori surface lead to strong

antiadhesive effects.
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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter is focused on research methodology. It states the different method on how to

deal this study and to test the effectiveness of seaweed and okra as glue substitutes.

Source of materials

One fourth kilo seaweed and one fourth kilo okra were firstly acquired. The

materials used in making the product were the seaweed and okra’s extract through the

pods of it. The materials can be found at home’s backyard or even at the market. In order

to lessen the bad smell that it may bring we have to put crystalized alum which also can

be bought at the market.

Extortion of the Seaweed and Okra’s exocarps

The first step was to prepare the main ingredients, the seaweed and okra. For

seaweed, it should be boiled for 10 minute. In other hand, we have to wash the okra first.

Then we have to get the okra seeds inside its body and slice it into small pieces. After

boiling the seaweed, we have to cut it into small pieces using knife.

Making the Seaweed and Okra Paste Mixture

Next, We have to meld the seaweed in a little amount of water using the blender.

Then we have to put and mix it with the okra. To lessen the bad smell that it may bring.

We have to prepare the crystalized alum and crashed it so that it will turn into a powder.

After crashing, we have to put it in the blender with the mixture of Okra and Seaweed.
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After the blending process which lasted for eight to ten minutes, the mixture was

pounded again using the mortar and pestle until it gave off the texture similar to a paste.

Testing of the product

The seaweed and okra paste mixture will be applied to different surfaces of paper

such as: Bond paper, oslo paper, art paper, intermediate paper, construction paper, and

manila paper. The effectiveness of the product will be tested by paste bond duration and

bond strength.

Binding paper of different surfaces

It will be depending on the efficacy of the paste’s bond strength applied on the

papers. There maybe more than one kind of paper surface that the product can bind. This

will be tested by applying the product to different kinds of paper such as:

Bond paper

Oslo paper

Art paper

Intermediate paper

Construction paper

Manila paper
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Measuring of the bond strength

It will be done using different levels of the winds strength. Level one is assigned

to be 9 m/s; level two is 10 m/s and level three is 11 m/s. This will be tested by applying

the product, increasing in amount every trial (amount is measured by how many wipes

when applied) onto the papers then will bonded to the surface of its kind and left to dry

then exposed to the different wind strength using a fan.

Measuring for drying duration

It will be done using a timer while it’s a left and dry while bonded (e.g. art paper

pasted with another art paper).

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Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter focuses on the discussion for the different results of the experimental study

that the researches have conducted.

I. Components of Okra and Seaweed that can make it as glue alternatives

Codium fragile or also known as seaweed can be used as glue alternatives. As

study conducted, it produce a jelly-like materials which makes the product sticky after

blending it. Seaweeds contain polysaccharides (C6H10O5N), a carbohydrate (e.g. starch,

cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded

together. This chemical contribute in producing a jelly-like material after it blends.

According to Serrero A et al (2011), most of glue today is produced by polar and

hydrogen bonding. It have been used for adhesive applications for many decades in the

form of polysaccharides.

In other hand, after okra was being mix with the seaweed the product becomes

stickier. The reasons why it happens because okra contain mucilage which can be found

in okra pods. It is made of residues called exopolysacharrides and proteins called

glycoproteins, mucilage’s viscosity increases when heat is applied.

Based from the study of University of Sto. Tomas Department of Medical

Technology, the mucilage that can be found in okra can be an alternative for glue. By

extracting the mucilage inside the okra through boiling, separating, and filtration

processes, possibly releases its mucilage which can be derived in making a glue.
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II. Drying duration on different surfaces of paper

This sub-question discusses the different kinds of paper that this environmental

friendly and organic glue can bind. Experimental test was done to know and evaluate the

product effectiveness.

Drying duration (Minute)

Surface of Paper Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Bond paper 8.27 9.46 10.96
Intermediate paper 9.12 10.57 11.69
Manila Paper 10.11 11.18 11.89
Oslo Paper 11.61 12.05 12.57
Art paper 11.89 12.27 12.89
Construction paper 11.95 12.79 13.03
Table 1. Drying duration of different surfaces of paper as environmental friendly

and organic glue applied.

The table shows the drying duration of different kind surfaces of paper. The

following data are ranked based on the smoothness of the paper surfaces above and then

evaluated. The table shows the time it took for the different types of paper surfaces to

dry.

As seen in the tables, in terms of the drying duration, papers with thin surfaces

such as bond paper, intermediate paper and manila paper tend to dry faster than the thick

ones such as oslo paper, art paper and construction paper.

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Thinner paper also dry for a minimum of eight minutes while thicker paper dry

for 11 minutes and above. It is also observed that papers with smoother texture such as

art paper and construction paper dry approximately two minutes slower than that of the

regular ones.

In trial 1 bond paper dries faster with a time of 8.27 minutes, followed by

intermediate paper with a time of 9.12 minutes then followed by Manila paper and etc.

During trial 2 and 3 another wipes of the product were applied. The results didn’t

changed the order of the drying duration of different paper surfaces.

III. Different kind of paper surfaces that the product can bind according to its bond

strength.

This sub-question discusses the different kinds of paper that this environmental

friendly and organic glue can bind through using the different level of wind strength.

Experimental test was done to know and evaluate the product effectiveness.

Table 2. Bond Strength level as Environmental Friendly and organic glue applied

Bond strength level (meter/sec)

Surface of Paper Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Bond paper 11 11 11
Intermediate paper 11 11 11
Manila Paper 10 10 11
Oslo Paper 9 9 11
Art paper 0 9 10
Construction paper 0 9 10

The following data are ranked based on the smoothness of the paper

surfaces above and then evaluated based upon the bond strength. The table shows the
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bond strength at different wind speed (which stated at chapter 3) of various kinds of

paper surfaces.

Moreover, in terms of bond strength level of each paper surfaces, paper

with smoother textures easily get separated when in strong winds.

In trial one, it is observed that paper such as bond, manila and

intermediate paper can withstand strong winds since the bond initially reached the second

wind strength (equal to 10 m/s ) to the highest wind strength (11 m/s). Oslo paper has a

lower bond strength since it only reached the first level of wind strength. In other hand,

art paper and construction has the lowest bond strength for the first trial for it doesn’t

reach the first level wind strength.

In trial two, it is observed that papers with smoother textures is still

separated in strong winds because it only reached the first level of wind strength.

However the bind of bond paper, intermediate paper reached the highest level of wind

strength and manila paper reached the second level of wind strength.

In trial three, the bind of art paper and construction paper reached the

second level of wind strength. In other hand the bind of bond, manila, intermediate and

oslo paper reached the highest level of wind strength which is the level three.
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Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, the conclusion as well as the

recommendations.

Summary

This research aims to produce a glue out of seaweed and okra. There were three

research questions in this study: First, “What are the components of okra (Abelmoschus
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esculetus) and seaweed (Codium fragile) that can make it as glue alternat tives?” Second,

“What type of paper surfaces can the product bind?” Lastly , (How fast does the product

dry?”.

The main goal of this study is to test if okra and seaweed can be used as

alternatives in making a glue or paste. The product was made by mixing okra and

seaweed. After blending the main components the thickening or let we say the stickiness

comes after. Due to its unpleasant odor, we added a crystalized alum to the product. Then

the product was ready to evaluate its effectiveness through applying it to the different

surfaces of paper. The drying duration and its bond strength was evaluated. We find out

that when applying our product to different kind of paper surfaces, it dries quicker on

thinner ones. And this paper characterized smoothness that can reached the highest level

of wind strength. Thus, okra and seaweed can be used as glue substitutes.

Conclusions

Through conducting this study, we researchers have concluded that the

different components of okra and seaweed helps the product can be used as glue

alternatives. Seaweed contains polysaccharides which is essential in strengthen the

binding of paper. In other hand okra contains mucilage from its pods so that the product

become stickier. The different surfaces of paper really matter upon evaluating its binding

strength and drying duration. We concluded that it dries quicker to a thinner surfaces.

Paper with thinner surface can reached the highest level of wind strength. To sum it up

seaweeds and okra can be an effective alternative of commercial glue which can be buy
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at department store etc. It plays an important role especially for students because they are

obliged to participate particularly in paper works. For an instance, there are paper works

that should need some materials to make work easier. Thus, this product’s existence is

beneficial for them. However this product is quietly different with commercial glue

because it may bring unpleasant odor but it is safer to use because it is eco-friendly and

organic.

Recommendation

A. Primary Recommendation

The researchers will make a guidelines entitled "Guidelines on how to make an

environmental friendly and organic glue"

Guidelines in Making Seaweed and Okra Paste

This guideline will help the citizen or even students to know how to make seaweed and

okra as an environmental friendly and organic glue. This handbook will help them to be

knowledgeable enough about this.

The purpose of this guidelines is to:

 Produce their own environmental friendly and organic glue

 Understand the importance of using environmental friendly and organic

glue.

Environmental friendly and organic product also known as green products, are products

that don’t harm the environment (whether in their production, use, or even disposal).

Green products helps conserve energy, minimizes carbon footprints or the emission of

greenhouse gases and doesn’t lead to a lot of toxity and pollution.

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Fourth, put the seaweed in the blender and add a little amount of water

Then, Blend it and add the okra

After it becomes sticky add the crystalized alum to lessen the bad smell it may bring

Lastly, put the product in the container.

This guidebook is not just for you to read it but to explore yourself lots of natural

materials can be used in making your own version of glue.

B. Secondary Recommendation

1. Students must utilize indigenous and organic materials because it is beneficial for the

environment and also economic friendly

2. Parents should encourage the young children to use indigenous materials and organic

product to ensure their health since the product is not toxic and does not contain toxic and

synthetic materials

3. For businessman, when they venture to sell the product of this study they must sell it at

much cheaper price than the commercial one since the ingredient used are organic and

natural can easily accommodated at home.

4. Future researchers must modify the processes in making product in this research –that

would also include having different ratios and proportions of the ingredients used in order

to make a more effective paste.

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5. Lastly, I highly recommended that researches must explore more on how to lessen the

bad smell it may bring for an instance they may put a fragrance or anything.
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Bibliography

Quirao (2014), “Paste out of Banana (Musa acinibita) and Jackfruit (Artocarpos
heterophyllus)”

Retrieved on February 20, 2020 from

https://www.academia.edu/10389587/Paste_out_of_Banana_Musa_acinibita_and
_Jackfruit_Artocarpos_heterophyllus_?auto=download/

Hensel (2016),“Antiadhesive Properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Immature

Fruit Extract against Helicobacter pylori Adhesion”
Retrieved on February 20, 2020 from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3887003/

Delle (2015), “Jackfruit sap as glue”

Retrieved on February 20, 2020

https://www.scribd.com/document/411799452/Jackfruit-sap-as-glue?
fbclid=IwAR0YpBem1ycDQZd0pjL0oXTbIkJMVEXjDNTOWZ1Ot0llJrQXekVUqY0os2A/

Bloch (2010), “Bioadhesives and environmentally friendly glue”

Retrieved on February 20, 2020

https://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/green-glue.html\

Jones (2015), “Efficacy of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage as campon”

Retrieved on February 20, 2020

https://prezi.com/whqlu31io4ml/efficacy-of-okra-abelmoschus-esculentus-
mucilage-as-compon/

Appendix A
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Documentation

Applying the Seaweed and okra

paste wo the different kind of
paper surfaces

Knowing the time duration when

the paste applied to the different
kind of surfaces of paper
 27

The following pictures were taken during making seaweed and okra paste
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Curriculum vitae

CURRICULUM VITAE

Daniella Jane Amistad

Liburon, Carcar city, Cebu

Mobile # 09973571009

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Female

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: November 12, 2001

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Carcar city, Cebu

Father's Name: Daniel Amistad

Mother's Name: Bernadith Amistad

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Liburon Elementary School Liburon, Carcar city, Cebu

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Liburon National High School Liburon Carcar City, Cebu Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

 29

CURRICULUM VITAE

Ross Nuncia Alicaway

Tonggo, San Fernando,Cebu

Mobile # 09458856188

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Female

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: December 28, 2002

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Tonggo, San Fernando, Cebu

Father's Name: Antonino Alicaway

Mother's Name: Rowena Alicaway

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Greenhills Elementary School Greenhills, San Fernando, Cebu

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Sangat National High School Sangat , San Fernando, Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

 30

CURRICULUM VITAE

John Bryle Cayme

Liburon, Carcar City, Cebu

Mobile # 09551335432

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: November 23, 2001

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Bairan, City of Naga, Cebu

Father's Name: Garyzalde D. Cayme

Mother's Name: Brenly Cayme

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Liburon Elementary School Liburon, Carcar city, Cebu

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Liburon National High School Liburon, Carcar city, Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

 31

CURRICULUM VITAE

Seph Relle Noel Tapales

San Isidro, San Fernando, Cebu

Mobile # 09052978233

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: November 29, 2000

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Tabunok, Talisay, Cebu

Father's Name: Jose Erasto Tapales

Mother's Name: Michelle Tapales

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

San Fernando Elementary School South poblacion, San Fernando, cEBU

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Saint Catherine College of Alexandria Poblacion 1, Carcar city, Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

 32

CURRICULUM VITAE

Mark Bineth Rentosa

Lipata Minglanilla,Cebu

Mobile # 09658594216

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: January 29, 2001

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Pakigne, Minglanilla, Cebu

Father's Name: Marlon Abucayan

Mother's Name: Maylinda Abucayan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Lipata Central School Lipata, Minglanilla, Cebu

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Ozamis City National High School Ozamis, Mindanao

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

 33

CURRICULUM VITAE

Redgie Requinto

Tagjaguimit, City of Naga, Cebu

Mobile # 09556206557

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: August 19 2001

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Tagjaguimit, City of Naga, Cebu

Father's Name: Carmilo Requinto

Mother's Name: Susana Requinto

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Tagjaguimit Elementary School Tagjaguimit, City of Naga, Cebu

Junior High School Address

Tagjaguimit National High School Tagjaguimit, City of Naga, Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

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CURRICULUM VITAE

John Rober Laag

Lacaron, San Fernando, Cebu

Mobile # 09610701122

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: July 31, 1999

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Minglanilla, Cebu

Father's Name: Roberto Laag

Mother's Name: Nora Laag

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Medalla Little Flower School San Fernando, Cebu

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Notre Dame Academy San Fernando, Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Johnwell Cabunilas

Balirong, City of Naga, Cebu

Mobile # 09970756325

PERSONAL DATA

Sex: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Date of Birth: January 27 2002

Language Used: Cebuano, Tagalog, English

Place of Birth: Bairan, City of Naga, Cebu

Father's Name: Johnny Cabunilas

Mother's Name: jayluz cabunilas

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

PRIMARY Address

Balirong Elementary School City Of Naga, Cebu

SECONDARY

Junior High School Address

Balirong National High School Liburon, Carcar city, Cebu

Senior High School Address

Professional Academy of the Philippines South Poblacion, City of Naga, Cebu