Assignment 3: Determinant and Inverse

1(a). Pick 1st row：

Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=1(-21)+¿2(6)+¿3(11)
=24
1(b). Pick 1st row：
Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=0+¿1(-20)+¿2(-6)
=−¿32
1(c). Pick 1st row：
Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=2(y-z)+¿0+¿x(-y)
=2(y-z)-xy
1(d). Pick 1st row：
Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=(a-1)(3bc)+¿0+¿c(-3b)(a-1)
=(a-1)(3bc-3bc)
=0

2(a). k=23=8
2(b). k=6

3(a). Pick 1st row：

Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=1(-9)+¿2(7)+¿(-1)(4)
=1
−2 2 −1
| |
x 1= 2 2 1 =−2 (−9 ) +2 ( 2 ) + (−1 ) (14 )=8
−2 5 −2

1 −2 −1
|
x 2= 2 2
|
1 =1 (−2 ) + (−2 ) (7 ) + (−1 )(−10 )=−6
3 −2 −2
 1 2 −2
| |
x 3= 2 2 2 =1 (−14 ) +2 ( 10 ) + (−2 ) ( 4 )=−2
3 5 −2
3(b). Pick 1st row：
Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=2(-1)+¿1(8)+¿(-1)(-5)
=11
1 1 −1

x 1=
|
14 2 3
8 1 1
=
|
1 (−1 )+1 ( 10 ) + (−1 ) (−2 )
=1
11 11

2 1 −1

x 2=
|
1 14 3
3 8 1
=
|
2 (−10 ) +1 ( 8 ) + (−1 ) (−34 )
=2
11 11

2 1 1

x 3=
| |
1 2 14
3 1 8
=
2 ( 2 ) +1 ( 34 ) + ( 1 )(−5 )
=3
11 11

4(a). Pick 1st row：

Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=0+¿2(4)+¿4(-6)
=−¿16 ≠ 0
It is invertible.
0 2 4 1 0 0

[ 2 4 2 0 1 0
3 3 1 0 0 1 ]
0 2 4 1 0 0

[
→ 2 4 2 0 1 0
0 −6 −4 0 −3 2 ]
0 2 4 1 0 0

[
→ 2 4 2 0 1 0
0 0 8 3 −3 2 ]
 0 2 4 1 0 0
→
[ 2 4 2
0 0 1
0
3
8
1
−3
8
0
1
4
]
2 6 6 1 1 0
→
[ 2 4 2
0 0 1
0
3
8
1
−3
8
0
1
4
]
1 1

[ ]
1 3 3 0
2 2
→ 2 4 2 0 1 0
3 −3 1
0 0 1
8 8 4

−5 13 −3

[ ]
1 3 0
8 8 4
→ 2 4 2 0 1 0
3 −3 1
0 0 1
8 8 4

−5 13 −3

[ ]
1 3 0
8 8 4
5 −9 3
→ 0 −2 2
4 4 2
3 −3 1
0 0 1
8 8 4

−5 13 −3

[ ]
1 3 0
8 8 4
−5 9 −3
→ 0 1 −1
8 8 4
3 −3 1
0 0 1
8 8 4

−5 13 −3

[ ]
1 3 0
8 8 4
−1 3 −1
→ 0 1 0
4 4 2
3 −3 1
0 0 1
8 8 4
 1 −5 3

[ ]
1 0 0
8 8 4
−1 3 −1
→ 0 1 0
4 4 2
3 −3 1
0 0 1
8 8 4

1 −5 3
0 2 4 1 0 0

[
∴ 2 4 2 0 1 0
3 3 1 0 0 1
−1

] =

[ ]
8
−1
4
3
8
8
3
4
−3
8
4
−1
2
1
4

4(b). Pick 1st row：

Determinant
=a 11 c11 + a12 c12 +a13 c 13
=1(9)+¿2(-9)+¿1(9)
=0
It is non-invertible.

5(1). A−1= 1 adj ( A )

| A|
1 c −3
¿ [
ac−6 b −2 b a ]
c −3

[
¿ ac−6 b
−2 b
ac−6 b
ac −6 b
a
ac −6 b
]
| A−1|= ( ac−6c b )( ac−6a b )−( ac−6
−2 b −3
b ac−6 b )
)(
1
¿
ac−6 b
L.H.S.¿( A−1)−1
1
¿ −1 adj (A−1 )
|A |
 a 3
¿( ac−6 b) ac−6
2b
b

ac−6 b
[ ac−6 b
c
ac−6 b
]
¿ a 3
[
2b c ]
=R.H.S
∴( A ) = A −1 −1

5(2). A2= a 3 a 3
2 b c 2b c[ ][ ]
a 2+ 6 b 3 a+ 3 c
¿ [ 2 ab+2 bc c 2+ 6 b ]
| A2|=( a 2+6 b ) ( c 2+ 6 b ) −( 2 ab+2 bc ) ( 3 a+3 c )
¿ a2 c 2−12 abc+ 36 b2
L.H.S.¿( A 2)−1
1 2
= 2 adj ( A )
|A |
1 c2 +6 b −3 a−3 c
=( 2 2 2
¿
a c −12 abc+36 b −2 ab−2bc [
a 2+6 b ]
c 2 +6 b −3 a+ 3 c
¿
[a2 c 2−12 abc+36 b2

2 2
−2 ab+2 bc
a c −12 abc+36 b2
R.H.S.¿( A ¿¿−1)2 ¿
a c −12 abc +36 b2
2 2

a2+ 6 b
a2 c 2−12 abc +36 b2
]
c −3 c −3
¿
[
ac−6
−2 b
ac−6 b
b ac −6 b
a
ac −6 b
][ ac−6 b
−2 b
ac−6 b
ac−6 b
a
ac−6 b
]
c 2 +6 b −3 a+ 3 c
¿
[
a2 c 2−12 abc+36 b2

2 2
−2 ab+2 bc
a c −12 abc+36 b2
¿ L.H .S.
a c −12 abc +36 b2
2 2

a2+ 6 b
a2 c 2−12 abc +36 b2
]
∴( A2 )−1=(A−1 )2
5(3). AT = a 2 b
3 c [ ]
L . H . S .=( A¿ ¿T )−1 ¿
 1
¿ T
adj ( AT )
|A |
1 c −2 b
¿
ac−6 b −3 [
a ]
c −2 b
¿
[
ac−6
−3
b

ac−6 b
R.H.S.=( A¿¿−1)T ¿
ac −6 b
a
ac −6 b
]
T
c −3

[
= ac−6 b
−2 b
ac−6 b
ac−6 b
a
ac−6 b
]
c −2 b

[
¿ ac−6 b
−3
ac−6 b
¿ L.H .S.
ac −6 b
a
ac −6 b
]
∴( AT )−1=( A−1)T

5(4). AB¿ a 3 1 2 = a+3 2 a+3

[
2b c 1 1 ][ ] [
2 b+ c 4 b+c ]
| AB|=(a+3)(4 b+ c)−(2 b+c )(2 a+3)=6 b−ac
L.H.S.=( AB)−1
1
¿ adj ( AB )
|AB|
1 4 b+c −2 a−3
¿ [
6 b−ac −2 b−c a+3 ]
4 b +c 2a+ 3

[
¿ 6 b−ac
2 b+ c
ac−6 b
|B|=1−2=−1
ac −6 b
a+3
6 b−ac
]
1
B−1= adj (B)
|B|

¿−1 1 −2
−1 1 [ ]
 ¿ −1 2
[
1 −1 ]
R . H . S .=B−1 A−1
c −3
¿ −1 2 ac−6 b
[
1 −1 −2 b
ac−6 b
] [ ac−6 b
a
ac−6 b
]
4 b +c 2a+ 3

[
¿ 6 b−ac
2 b+ c
ac−6 b
¿ L.H .S.
ac −6 b
a+3
6 b−ac
]
∴( AB)−1=B−1 A−1
5(5). L.H.S.=| A−1|= 1
ac−6 b

R.H.S.¿ 1
|A|
1
¿
ac−6 b
¿ L.H .S.
1
∴|A−1|=
| A|