Gas dynamics Question Bank

Part A
1. Define M* and write its significance
2. Derive law of conservation of mass for control volume.
3. Explain adiabatic steady flow ellipse.
4. Define and write the significance of impulse function.
5. Explain chocking for fanno flow
6. Why does normal shock occur only for supersonic flow of a perfect gas.
7. Differentiate between system and control volume.
8. Define flow compressibility factor and write its significance.
9. Write the difference between normal and oblique shock.
10. Explain chocking in Rayleigh flow.
11. What is isothermal flow? Give two examples.
12. Write a note on Schileren technique of flow visualisation.
13. What is continuum? Under what conditions are the assumptions of a continuum valid?
14. Explain the phenomenon of chocking in isentropic flow.
15. Discuss the classification of flow based on Mach number.
16. Give examples for the practical applications of Rayleigh flow and Fanno flow models.
17. Define mass flow density. Show three Fanno curves on TS coordinates for increasing
mass flow densities.
18. Show that for Rayleigh flow at maximum enthalpy point Mach number is given by
1/√𝛾.
19. Define shock strength. Write down the expression for shock strength.
20. With a neat sketch explain the working of a Rayleigh Pitot tube
21. What are the four general equations used in the analysis of compressible flow?
22. Explain Mach angle and its significance.
23. Differentiate critical speed of sound and stagnation speed of ound.
24. Explain the effect of increase in duct length in fanno flow.
25. Explain isothermal flow in constant area duct with the help of TS diagram.
26. What is adiabatic temperature recovery factor? Explain
27. Explain with the help of neat sketch the working of Kiel probe
28. Explain stagnation temperature probe.

PART B
1. a. Derive an equation for compressibility factor in terms of K and M.
b. A supersonic flighter plane flies at an altitude of 3000m. An observer on the ground
hears the sonic boom 7.5 s after passing of the plane over his head . Estimate the speed
of the plane and mach number . Take average temperature to be 290K.
2. Starting from fundamentals derive the mass momentum and energy equations for an
infinitesimal control volume . What are the assumptions made?
3. a. Explain mach cone, zone of action and zone of silence.
b. Starting from the fundamentals derive the expression for sonic velocity through a
fluid as √𝐾𝑅𝑇.
4. a. Air flows through a duct at a pressure of 1.4 bar with a velocity of 200 m/s. Determine
the isentropic stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature if static temperature is
301 K.
b. Derive the equation for maximum mass flow rate through a nozzle.
5. a. Explain with sketches the flow through (i) a convergent nozzle (ii) a convergent
divergent nozzle, for different back pressures.
b. An accelerating duct has to increase the mach number of air from 0.2 to 0.9 . Find
area ratio required for the duct . If static temperature of inlet is 500 K , Find (a)
stagnation temperature (b) critical temperature (c) maximum possible velocity (d) static
temperature at exit of the duct.
𝑘𝐽
6. a. Conditions of air (ɤ= 1.4 ,𝐶𝑝 = 1.0 𝑘𝑔 /𝐾) at entry of a nozzle are p= 2 bar, T= 300K
and c= 145 m/s. If the exit pressure is 1.5 bar , determine for isentropic flow , the mach
number at entry and exit, flow rate and maximum possible flow rate . What is the shape
of the nozzle?
b. Explain the effect of Mach number variation on area ratio in subsonic and supersonic
flows and show that for one dimensional isentropic flow.
dA/A = dp/ ρc2 (1-M2).
7. Derive energy equation in terms of reference velocities.
8. Air flows through a circular duct at the rate of 8 kg/s. The inlet and exit Mach numbers
are 0.15 and 0.5 respectively. The inlet pressure and temperature are 375 kPa and 318K
respectively. The coefficient of friction is 0.006. Find (a) the exit pressure, temperature
and velocity (b) the diameter and length of the duct (c) change in entropy?
9. Derive the following relation for Rayleigh flow:
Qmax/Cp = (M2-1)2/ 2(k+1)M2
Start the equations from fundamentals.
10. a. Dry air is travelling with a speed corresponding to M=2.5 and friction factor is 0.003.
What is the maximum possible length of the duct if its diameter is 5cm?
11. Derive the relations for F/F* and ρ/ρ* for Fanno flow?
12. Derive the relation Py /Px = (2K /(K+1) ) Mx2- (K-1)/(K+1) for a normal shock.
13. A gas stream ahead of a normal shock has pressure, temperature and velocity of 0.3 bar,
300 K and 800 ms respectively. Determine the mach number, pressure, temperature
downstream of the shock and entropy change across the shock.
14. Explain Shadow graph and Hot wire anemometer.
15. The condition of a gas (ɤ= 1.3, Cp = 1.22 kJ/kg/K) at entry of a constant area duct are
M1 0.28, P01= 4.965 bar, T01 = 383 K. 627 kJ/kg of heat is supplied to the gas. Determine
at the exit section Mach number ,pressure and temperature of the gas and the stagnation
pressure loss.
16. Air enters a long pipe (f=0.003) of 25.4 mm diameter at a mach number of 2.5 T0= 310
K and p = 0.507 bar. Determine for the section at which the mach number reaches 1.2,
the static pressure and temperature, stagnation pressure and temperature and the
distance of this section from the inlet. Assume adiabatic flow.
17. A gas (ɤ= 1.3, R= 287 J/kg/K) at P1= 1 bar, T1= 400K, enters a 30 cm diameter duct(
f= 0.003) at a mach number of 2. A normal shock occurs at a Mach number of 1.5 and
the exit Mach number is 1. Determine (i) Length of duct upstream and downstream of
 the shock. (ii) Mass flow rate of the gas (iii) Change in entropy upstream and
downstream of the shock and across the shock.
18. Explain Fanno curve with neat sketch. What are the assumptions made in deriving
equations for fanno flow?
19. Air is flowing in an insulated duct with friction coefficient f= 0.002 with an inlet
velocity of velocity of 130 m/s. The temperature and pressure are 400 K and 250 KPa.
The diameter of the duct is 116 cm. Find

a. Length of the pipe if stagnation pressure loss is 20%

b. Pressure, temperature and velocity at a section 3.5 m from the inlet.
c. Maximum length of the pipe.
20 Air fuel mixture enters a combustion chamber with an inlet velocity of 150 m/s,
pressure of 4 bar and temperature of 410 K. The Mach number at exit of the
combustion chamber is 0.8 . Taking ɤ = 1.3, Cp= 1.144 kJ/kgK and calorific value of
fuel = 43 MJ/kg, find

a.The entry Mach number

b.Exit temperature and pressure
c. Stagnation pressure loss
d.Air-fuel ratio required