https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/271715246_Implementation_of_public_health_practices_in
_tribal_populations_of_India_Challenges_and_remedies

Large inequities in health exist between indigenous and non-indigenous populations worldwide. This
health divide has also been demonstrated in India, where indigenous groups are officially classified as
scheduled tribes (STs). India has one of the largest tribal populations in the world. Tribal communities in
general and primitive tribal groups in particular are highly disease prone and their misery is
compounded by poverty, illiteracy, ignorance of causes of diseases, hostile environment, poor
sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, blind beliefs, etc. As per the estimates of National Family Health
Survey-3 (NFHS-3), the likelihood of having received care from a doctor is lowest for ST mothers (only
32.8% compared to India of 50.2%). While many strategies have been attempted over the years to
discuss some of the economic, social, and physical factors preventing tribal population to get access to
healthcare services, the ultimate outcome has remained far less than the expectations. Considering that
these ST groups are culturally and economically heterogeneous, the methods to tackle their health
problems should not only be integrated and multi-fold, but also specific to the individual groups as
feasibly as possible. Measures like strengthening of the existing human resources, bringing health
services within the reach of remote populations, promotion of health awareness, facilitation of
community participation using innovative strategies, bringing about a change in the behavior of health
care providers, implementation of measures for the empowerment of ethnic groups by carrying out
administrative reforms and finally by ensuring the sustainability of all above recommended measures

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4020364/

Herbalism is a traditional medicinal or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant
extracts. Herbs/plants, the major component of traditional materia medica in the world, are of the main
forms of life on earth. It is estimated that there are about 350,000 species of existing plants (including
seed plants, bryophytes, and ferns), among which 287,655 species have been identified as of 2004 [1].
Herbal medicine (HM), also called botanical medicine, phytomedicine, or phytotherapy, refers to herbs,
herbal materials, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants or other
materials as active ingredients [2]. The plant parts used in herbal therapy include seeds, berries, roots,
leaves, fruits, bark, flowers, or even the whole plants. Man was mainly dependent on crude botanical
material for medical needs to retain vitality and cure diseases [3] prior to the introduction of aspirin
derived from  Spiraea ulmaria which was already prescribed for fever and swelling in Egyptian papyri and
recommended by the Greek Hippocrates for pain and fever.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01459740.1992.9966058
According to Hans A. Baer, Naturopathy is a heterodox professionalized medical
system which, in contrast to osteopathy and chiropractic, has received little
attention from social scientists, particularly in the United States. This article is an
attempt to correct that situation. It focuses on the history of this healing tradition
by discussing three stages in the development of American naturopathy: 1) its
emergence around the turn of the century; 2) its decline beginning in the late
1930s; and 3) its recent potential rejuvenation, particularly in the Pacific
Northwest. The essay concludes that as a consequence of its philosophical and
therapeutic eclecticism, naturopathy found itself pre‐adapted to the holistic health
movement that emerged in American society during the 1970s.