6XE*UXS

'HILQLVL  0LVDONDQ * JUXS GDQ ‫ ܩ ك ܪ‬+ GLNDWDNDQ

VXEJUXSGDUL*GLWXOLVNDQ‫ ܪ‬൏ ‫ܩ‬MLND‫׎ ് ܪ‬+VHQGLUL
PHUXSDNDQJUXSGHQJDQRSHUDVLELQHU\DQJVDPDGHQJDQ*

7HRUHPD   0LVDO * DGDODK *UXS KLPSXQDQ + DGDODK

VXEJUXSGDUL*MLNDGDQKDQ\DMLNDXQWXN‫ݔ׊‬ǡ ‫ܪ א ݕ‬EHUODNX
‫ି ݕݔ‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬

%XNWL
ฺGLNHWDKXL+VXEJUXSGDUL*
8QWXNPHPEXNWLNDQ‫ݔ׊‬ǡ ‫ܪ א ݕ‬EHUODNX‫ି ݕݔ‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬
$PELO VHPEDUDQJ ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ ܪ א ݕ‬NDUHQD + VXEJUXS PDND
MHODV‫ି ݕ׌‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬ǡ ‫ି ݕݔ݄ܽ݃݃݊݅݁ݏ‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬
ูGLNHWDKXL‫ି ݕݔ‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬ǡ ‫ݔ׊݇ݑݐ݊ݑ‬ǡ ‫ܪ א ݕ‬
$NDQNLWDEXNWLNDQEDKZD+VXEJUXSGDUL*
x $PELOVHPEDUDQJ‫ܪ א ݔ‬PDND‫ି ݔݔ‬ଵ ൌ ݁ ‫ܪ א‬
VHKLQJJDDGDHOHPHQLGHQWLWDVGL+
x $PELOVHPEDUDQJ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ି ݕ׌ܪ א ݕ‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬VHKLQJJD
‫ ݕݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ି ݕ‬ଵ ሻିଵDUWLQ\DEHUODNXVLIDWWHUWXWXSGL
+
x $PELOVHPEDUDQJ‫ܪ א ݔ‬ǡ ݉ܽ݇ܽ‫ିܽ׌‬ଵ ‫ܪ א‬-DGL
VHWLDSHOHPHQGL+PHPSXQ\DLLQYHUV
x 6LIDWDVRVLDWLIMHODVGLSHQXKLNDUHQD‫ܩ ؿ ܪ‬
6HKLQJJDGDULHPSDWSHPEXNWLDQWHUVHEXWGDSDWNLWD
VLPSXONDQEDKZD+VXEJUXS*

&RQWRK
 %LOD*VXDWX*UXSPDND‫ ܧ‬ൌ ሼ݁ሽDGDODKWULYLDOVXEJUXS
GDUL * 6HGDQJNDQ VXEJUXS GDUL * VHODLQ ( GDQ *
VHQGLULGLQDPDNDQVXEJUXSVHMDWLSURSHUVXEJUXS

ϴϬ
 +LPSXQDQ PDWULNV ܵ‫ܮ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ GHQJDQ RSHUDVL SHUNDOLDQ
PDWULNVDGDODKVXEJUXSGDULJUXS‫ܮܩ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻǤ
 %LOD * VXDWX JUXS GDQ VHQWHU GDUL * GLGHILQLVLNDQ ROHK
ܼሺ‫ܩ‬ሻ ൌ ሼܽ ‫ܩ א‬ȁܾܽ ൌ ܾܽǡ ‫ܩ א ܾ׊‬ሽ ܼሺ‫ܩ‬ሻ DGDODK
VXEJUXSGDUL*
ଵ
 +LPSXQDQ ‫ ܪ‬ൌ ሼଶ೘ ȁ݉ ‫ܼ א‬ሽ GHQJDQ RSHUDVL SHUNDOLDQ
PHUXSDNDQVXEJUXSGDULJUXSܳ ‫ כ‬

3HPEDKDVDQFRQWRK
 $NDQNLWDWXQMXNNDQEDKZD‫ ܧ‬ൌ ሼ݁ሽDGDODKVXEJUXSGDUL
*6LIDWNHWHUWXWXSDQGDQVLIDWDVRVLDWLIMHODVWHUSHQXKL
HOHPHQLGHQWLWDVDGDODK݁VHQGLULVHGDQJNDQLQYHUVGDUL
݁DGDODK݁VHQGLUL
 +LPSXQDQPDWULNVܵ‫ܮ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻDGDODKKLPSXQDQPDWULNV
PDWULNV\DQJPHPLOLNLGHWHUPLQDQVDWX
ܽଵଵ ‫ܽ ڮ‬ଵ௡
ܵ‫ܮ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ ൌ ൝൭ ‫ڭ‬ ‫ڰ‬ ‫ ڭ‬൱ อܽଵଵ ǡ ܽଵଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ܽ௡௡ ‫ܴ א‬ൡ
ܽ௡ଵ ‫ܽ ڮ‬௡௡
'DQ‫ܮܵ א ܣ׊‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻǡ †‡– ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ͳ
%HUGDVDUNDQWHRUHPDܵ‫ܮ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻGHQJDQRSHUDVL
SHUNDOLDQPDWULNVDGDODKVXEJUXSGDULJUXS‫ܮܩ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ
MLND
‫ܣ׊‬ǡ ‫ܮܵ א ܤ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻǡ ݉ܽ݇ܽ‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ‫ܮܵ א‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ
$PELOVHPEDUDQJ‫ܣ‬ǡ ‫ܮܵ א ܤ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ
0LVDO
ܽଵଵ ‫ܽ ڮ‬ଵ௡ ܾଵଵ ‫ܾ ڮ‬ଵ௡
‫ܣ‬ൌ൭ ‫ڭ‬ ‫ڰ‬ ‫ ڭ‬൱GDQ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ൭ ‫ڭ‬ ‫ڰ‬ ‫ ڭ‬൱
ܽ௡ଵ ‫ܽ ڮ‬௡௡ ܾ௡ଵ ‫ܾ ڮ‬௡௡
'HQJDQ
ܽଵଵ ǡ ܽଵଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ܽ௡௡ ‫ܴ א‬ǡ ܾ݁݃݅‫ܾ݈ܽݑ݌ݑݐ‬ଵଵ ǡ ܾଵଶ ǡ ǥ ǡ ܾ௡௡ ‫ܴ א‬
†‡– ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ͳǡ ݀ܽ݊ †‡– ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͳ

ϴϭ
 ͳ
‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ൈ ൈ ‫ܤ݆݀ܣ‬
†‡– ‫ܤ‬
.DUHQDMHODVEDKZD†‡– ‫Ͳ ് ܤ‬ǡ ݉ܽ݇ܽ ‫ି ܤܣ‬ଵ ‫א‬
ܵ‫ܮ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ
‫ܮܵ ׵‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ‫ܮܩ݅ݎܽ݀݌ݑݎܾ݃ݑݏ‬ሺ݊ǡ ܴሻ
3HPEDKDVDQXQWXNQRPRUGDQVHEDJDLEDKDQGLVNXVL

'HILQLVL
MLND * DGDODK *UXS PDND * GDQ ^H` DGDODK VXEJUXS WDN
VHMDWLGDUL*GDQVHPXDVXEJUXS\DQJODLQDGDODKVXEJUXS
VHMDWL

&RQWRK
ࡽା GLEDZDKRSHUDVLSHUNDOLDQPHUXSDNDQVXEJUXSVHMDWL
GDULܴ ାGLEDZDKRSHUDVLSHUNDOLDQ

&RQWRK
'LGDODPܼସ KDQ\DWHUGDSDWVDWXVXEJUXSVHMDWL\LDWX^`
6HGDQJNDQVXEJUXS\DQJODLQ\DLWXሼͲሽǡ ܼ݀ܽ݊ସ VHQGLUL
DGDODKVXEJUXSWDNVHMDWL

&RQWRK
*UXS ܸ ൌ ሼ݁ǡ ܽǡ ܾǡ ܿሽ PHPLOLNL WLJD VXEJUXS VHMDWL \DLWX
ሼ݁ǡ ܽሽǡ ሼ݁ǡ ܾሽǡ ݀ܽ݊ሼ݁ǡ ܿሽ'LPDQD*UXS9LQLDGDODK.OHLQ
*UXS \DQJ GLQRWDVLNDQ GHQJDQ ³9´ \DQJ GLDPELO GDUL
EDKDVDMHUPDQ³9LHUJUXSSH´

7KHRUHPD
6HEXDK VXEKLPSXQDQ + GDUL *UXS * DGDODK VHEXDK
VXEJUXSGDUL*MLNDGDQKDQ\DMLND
L +WHUWXWXSWHUKDGDS2SHUDVLELQHUSDGD*
LL(OHPHQLGHQWLWDV݁GL*DGDODKLGHQWLWDVSXODGL+
ϴϮ
 LLL 8QWXNVHWLDSܽ ‫ܪ א‬ǡ ݉ܽ݇ܽܽ ିଵ ‫ܪ א‬
%XNWL
ฺ ‫ ܪ‬VXEJUXS ‫ ܩ‬VHKLQJJD GDSDW NLWD DPDWL GHQJDQ
PXGDKEDKZDሺ݅ሻǡ ሺ݅݅ሻǡ ሺ݅݅݅ሻWHUSHQXKL
֚GLNHWDKXLሺ݅ሻǡ ሺ݅݅ሻǡ ሺ݅݅݅ሻ
$NDQNLWDVHOLGLNLEDKZD‫ܪ‬VXEJUXSGDUL‫ܩ‬
8QWXNPHPEXNWLNDQEDKZD‫ܪ‬VXEJUXSGDUL‫ܩ‬PDND
WLQJJDO NLWD EXNWLNDQ EDKZD EHUODNX VLIDW DVRVLDWLI
SDGD ‫ ܪ‬.DUHQD ‫ ܩ ؿ ܪ‬PDND VLIDW DVRVLDWLI GL ‫ܪ‬
PHQJLNXWL VLIDW DVRVLDWLI SDGD ‫ ܩ‬NDUHQD ‫* ܩ‬UXS
PDNDMHODVODKEHUODNXVLIDWDVRVLDWLISDGD‫ܩ‬VHKLQJJD
EHUODNXSXODVLIDWDVRVLDWLISDGD‫ܪ‬
‫ܩ݅ݎܽ݀݌ݑݎܾ݃ݑݏܪܽݓ݄ܾܽ݅ݐ݇ݑܾݎ݁ݐ ׵‬

&RQWRK
'LNHWDKXL ‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ WHUKDGDS RSHUDVL SHQMXPODKDQ DGDODK
ܽ Ͳ
*UXS GDQ ܵ ൌ ቄቀ ቁቚ ܽǡ ܾ ‫ܴ א‬ቅ DSDNDK ܵ VXEJUXS GDUL
ܾ Ͳ
‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ
%HUGDVDUNDQWHRUHPD
ܵ DGDODK VXEJUXS JDUL ‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ MLND
ିଵ
‫ܣ׊‬ǡ ‫ܵ א ܤ‬ǡ ݉ܽ݇ܽ‫ܵ א ܤܣ‬

$PELOVHPEDUDQJHOHPHQGLܵ
ܽ Ͳ ܿ Ͳ
0LVDO‫ ܣ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ǡ ݀ܽ݊‫ ܤ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ
ܾ Ͳ ݀ Ͳ
ܽ Ͳ െܿ Ͳ
‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ൌ ቀ ቁ൅ቀ ቁ
ܾ Ͳ െ݀ Ͳ
ܽെܿ Ͳ
ൌቀ ቁ
ܾെ݀ Ͳ
‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ‫ܵ א‬
‫ܯ݅ݎܽ݀݌ݑݎܾ݃ݑݏܵ ׵‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ

ϴϯ
&RQWRK
ܽ ܾ
‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ ൌ ቄቀ ቁቚ ܽ݀ ് ܾܿቅWHUKDGDSRSHUDVLSHUNDOLDQ
ܿ ݀
‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻDGDODKVHEXDK*UXS
ܽ Ͳ
6HODQMXWQ\Dܵଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ ൌ ቄቀ ቁቚ ܽ ് ͲቅDGDODKVXEJUXSGDUL
Ͳ ͳ
‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ

'DSDWNLWDWXQMXNNDQEDKZDܵଶൈଶ ሺܴሻVXEJUXSGDUL‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ

¾ 3HUWDPDܵଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ ‫ܯ ؿ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ

¾ .HGXDEHUGDVDUNDQWHRUHPD‫ܣ׊‬ǡ ‫ܵ א ܤ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ
PDND‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ‫ܵ א‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ
$PELOVHPEDUDQJ‫ܣ‬ǡ ‫ܵ א ܤ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ
ܽ Ͳ
0LVDO‫ ܣ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ǡ ܽ ് Ͳ
Ͳ ͳ
ܾ Ͳ
'DQ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ǡ ܾ ് Ͳ
Ͳ ͳ
ܽ Ͳ ଵ ͳ Ͳ
‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ൌ ቀ ቁൈ ቀ ቁ
Ͳ ͳ ୢୣ୲ ஻ Ͳ ܾ
ܽ Ͳ ଵ ͳ Ͳ
ൌቀ ቁൈ ൈቀ ቁ
Ͳ ͳ ௕ Ͳ ܾ
ଵ ܽ Ͳ ͳ Ͳ
ൌ ௕ቀ ቁቀ ቁ
Ͳ ͳ Ͳ ܾ
ଵ ܽ Ͳ
ൌ ௕ቀ ቁ
Ͳ ܾ
௔
Ͳ ௔
ൌ ቆ௕ ቇ ǡ ് Ͳ
Ͳ ͳ ௕
0DND‫ିܤܣ‬ଵ ‫ܵ א‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ
6HKLQJJD
ܵଶൈଶ ሺܴሻVXEJUXSGDUL‫ܯ‬ଶൈଶ ሺܴሻ 

ϴϰ