Mathematics 8

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 2
Mathematical System:
Defined Terms
Mathematics Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 2: Mathematical System: Defined Terms
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Lorraine Rose A. Berdin; Jervis A. Macaballug
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 Mathematics 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 2
Mathematical System: Defined Terms
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Mathematical

System: Defined Terms!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Mathematical

System: Defined Terms!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the self-learning

module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Illustrate the need for an axiomatic structure of a mathematical system

in general, and particularly the defined terms in Geometry.

PRETEST

Directions: Identify what is being asked in each question. Write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. In figure 1, what pairs of angles formed by BAT and CAP?

A. Adjacent angles C. Midpoint
B. Linear pair D. Vertical angles
Figure 1

2. What do you call two angles whose measures have a sum of 180°?

A. Vertical angle C. Complementary angle

B. Adjacent angle D. Supplementary angle

3. In figure 2, if QRT and TRS are equal adjacent angles with 𝑅𝑇

̅̅̅̅ as a common
̅̅̅̅
side, which is true about 𝑅𝑇?
A. 𝑅𝑇 is the midpoint of QRS.
̅̅̅̅
Figure 2
̅̅̅̅ is the angle bisector of QRS.
B. 𝑅𝑇
𝑅𝑇 is the segment bisector of QRS.
C. ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ is the linear pair of QRT and TRS.
D. 𝑅𝑇

4. What do you call two coplanar lines that do not intersect?

A. Linear pair B. Perpendicular lines
B. Parallel lines C. Segment bisector

5. It is a figure formed by two rays with a common point.

A. Angle C. Linear pair
B. Bisector D. Vertical angle
 RECAP

Find Us!!!
Answer the followings questions and search/loop the words in the given
word search
1. Name the 4 mathematical system.

A.

B.
C.

D.

2. Name the three undefined terms in

Geometry.
A.
B.
C.

LESSON

In our previous self-learning module, the undefined terms such as line, point,
and plane were established. In this self-learning module, these terms will be used to
define all other terms and figures in the study of geometry. A definition is an exact
statement or description of the meaning of a term or word so that anyone using it
will understand it in the same way.
The reasons that we need defined terms are:
• We need to be precise and concise in what we say or write;
• We need to understand each other and make sure that we mean the
same thing when we say or write a particular word.
 DEFINITION
Definition of Collinear Points and Coplanar Points
Collinear points are points that lie on the same line.
Coplanar points are points that lie on the same plane.

Example 1:

A. Points X, Y, and Z are collinear points

B. Points A, X, Y, and Z are coplanar points

DEFINED TERMS

Definition of Parallel Lines

Parallel Lines are lines in a plane that do not
intersect. The symbol for “parallel to” is ∥.

𝑚 ∥𝑛

Definition of Perpendicular
Two lines are said to be perpendicular lines if
they intersect and form right angles. The symbol
for “perpendicular to” is ⊥.
ശሬሬሬሬሬԦ ⊥ 𝑋𝑍
𝑊𝑌 ശሬሬሬሬԦ

Definition of Midpoint
A point on a line segment that divides it
into two equal parts. The halfway point
If B is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ,
of a line segment. then 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵𝐶 or 𝐵𝐴̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅

Definition of Angle
An angle is the figure formed by two rays
with a common point.

∠ABC
Definition of Right Angle
A right angle is an angle whose measure is 90°.
The square corner is used to mark a right angle.

∠KAP is a right angle

Definition of Vertical Angles

Vertical Angles are two angles in which
the sides of one angle are opposite rays to
the sides of the other angles.
∠HGE and ∠FGD
are vertical angles

Definition of Adjacent Angles

If two angles, like a and b, have a
common vertex and a common side,
then they are called adjacent angles. ∠a and ∠b
are adjacent angles

Definition of Linear Pair

If two adjacent angles, like a and b,
have their noncommon sides forming a straight
angle or opposite rays, then they are called linear pair.
∠a and ∠b
are linear pair

Definition of Supplementary Angles

If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180°, then they are said to
be supplementary angles.
Example 2:

A. Since m1 = 80 and m2 = 100,

and m1 + m2 = 180,

then 1 and 2 are supplementary angles.

B. Since 3 = 145° and 4 = 35°,

and 3 + 4 = 180°,

then 3 and 4 are supplementary angles.

Definition of Complementary Angles

If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, then they are said to
be complementary angles.

Example 3:

A. Since ma = 20 and mb = 70,

and ma + mb = 90,

then a and b are complementary angles.

B. Since c = 75° and d = 15°,

and c + d = 90°,

then c and d are complementary angles.

Note: Supplementary and complementary angles may not be adjacent.

Definition of Angle Bisector

An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into
two congruent angles.

If ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
𝑂𝐵 is an angle bisector, then
mAOB = mBOC.
 Definition of Segment Bisector
Segment bisector is a point, a line or a
segment that divides the segment into two
congruent parts.
ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ bisect 𝐿𝑁
If 𝐾𝑀 ശሬሬሬሬԦ, then
LM = MN.

Example 4: Write the conclusion to complete the if-then statement. Justify your
answer by using the “Definitions”.

A. ̅̅̅̅,
Given: If A is the midpoint of 𝐽𝑀
then _____________________________________.
Solution: Since A is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐽𝑀,
then JA = AM by Definition of Midpoint.

B. Given: If TSU and TSV formed a linear

pair, then _______________________________.

Solution: Since TSU and TSV formed

linear pair then by Definition of Linear Pair
TSU and TSV are adjacent angles.

C. ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ is perpendicular to 𝐿𝑁
Given: If 𝑂𝑀 ശሬሬሬሬԦ , then
_____________________________.

Solution: Since ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ

𝑂𝑀 is perpendicular to ശሬሬሬሬԦ
𝐿𝑁 ,
therefore MON is a right angle by Definition
of Perpendicular Lines.

D. Given: If c and d are complementary

angles and mc is 53, then the measure of
d is _______________.

Solution: Since, mc + md = 90,

and mc is 53, therefore, md = 37 by
Definition of Complementary Angles.
 ACTIVITIES

Analyze and answer the given questions. Write your answers on your paper.
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.

_____________ 1. If m3 + m4 = 180, then 3 and 4 are complementary angles.

_____________ 2. If DEF is a right angle, then mDEF is 90.
̅̅̅̅, then PO = OT.
_____________ 3. If O is the midpoint of 𝑃𝑇
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ bisects ART, then mARE = mERT.
_____________ 4. If 𝑅𝐸
_____________ 5. If JEL and LEO are adjacent angles,
then JEL + LEO = 180°.
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Direction: Complete each if-then statement and use “definitions” to give reason in
order to justify your answers.
______________________ 1. If R is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇, then ______ = ______.
______________________ 2. If 1 and 2 are supplementary angles, then
m____ + m____ = ______.
______________________ 3. If ma + mb = 90°, then ____ and ____ are __________.
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ bisects TAN, then ____ = ____.
______________________ 4. If 𝐴𝑆
______________________ 5. If 1 and 2 form linear pair, then ______________.
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
Direction: In the given figure, GRAY is a rectangle. Complete the conclusion and
write the reasons that will justify each of the statements.

______________________ 1. If S is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

𝐺𝐴, then__________________________.
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
______________________ 2. If 𝐺𝐴 bisects 𝑅𝑌 , then__________________________________.
̅̅̅̅ is perpendicular to 𝑅𝐴
______________________ 3. If 𝐺𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ , then ______________________.
______________________ 4. If GRA and RAY are supplementary angles, then _____.
______________________ 5. If GYS and SYA formed a right angle, then ___________.
 WRAP–UP

Remember that…
A definition is a precise statement or description of the meaning of a term or
word so that anyone using it will understand it in the same way.

Defined Terms

Parallel Lines - Two coplanar lines that do not intersect are called parallel.
The symbol for “parallel to” is ∥.

Perpendicular Lines - Two lines are said to be perpendicular if the two lines
intersect to form right angles. The symbol for “perpendicular to” is ⊥.

Midpoint - A point on a line segment that divides it into two equal parts. It is the
halfway point of a line segment.

Angle - An angle is the figure formed by two rays with a common point.

Right Angle - A right angle is an angle whose measure is 90°. The square corner
is used to mark a right angle.

Vertical Angles - vertical Angles are two angles in which the sides of one angle
are opposite rays to the sides of the other angles.

Adjacent Angles - If two angles, like a and b, have a common vertex and common
sides between, then they are called adjacent angles.

Linear Pair - If two adjacent angles, like a and b, have their non-common sides
forming a straight angle or opposite rays they are called linear pair.

Supplementary Angles - If the sum of two angles equals 180°, then they are said
to be supplementary.

Complementary Angles - If the sum of two angles equals 90°, then they are said
to be complementary.

Angle Bisector - An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two
congruent angles.

Segment Bisector - Segment bisector is a point, a line or a segment that divides

the segment into two congruent parts.
 VALUING

Reflections: (Journal Writing)

Definitions play an important role not only in Geometry but also in the other
fields of learning and especially in our lives. How will you define your character in
facing the current pandemic situation?

POSTTEST

Directions: Identify what is being asked in each question. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
For items 1-2, refer to the figure at the right.
𝐴𝐿 bisects SAT?
1. What will be the conclusion if ̅̅̅̅
A. mSLA = mTLA C. SL = LT
B. mSAL = mTAL D. AL = LS

̅̅̅̅, then __________?

2. If point L is the midpoint of 𝑆𝑇
A. SL = LT C. AS = AT
B. AL = AL D. SA = ST
Figure 1
3. In figure 2, which of the following reasons is needed to
prove that OP = MP?
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ bisects 𝑂𝑀
A. 𝑇𝑃 ̅̅̅̅̅
B. 𝑇𝑃 bisects OTM
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
C. OPT and MPT are linear pair. Figure 2
D. OPT and MPT are supplementary angles.

4. In figure 3, what relationship exists between WYX and WYZ?

A. WYX and WYZ are equal.
B. WYX and WYZ are linear pairs.
C. WYX and WYZ are vertical angles. Figure 3
D. WYX and WYZ are complementary angles.

5. What two lines when intersect, formed right angles?

A. Linear Pair C. Perpendicular Lines
B. Parallel Lines D. Segment Bisector
 Chan Hong. New Syllabus Mathematics 8. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016.
Yeo, Joseph, Seng, Teh Keng, Yee, Long Cheng, Chow, Ivy, Meng, Neo Chai, and Ong
Century Mathematics 8. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2013.
Josephine, Mercado, Jesus, Esparrago, Mirla, and Nestor Reyes Jr. Next
Orines, Fernando, Diaz, Zenaida, Mojica, Maharlika, Manalo, Catalina, Suzara,
Makati City: Salesiana BOOKS by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2014.
Nivera, Gladys. Grade 8 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities. Updated Edition.
References
MODULE 2
PRETEST
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B 5A
RECAP
1. a. undefined terms b. Defined terms c. Postulate/Axioms d. Theorems
2. a point b. line c. plane
ACTIVITY I: LET’S PRACTICE!
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
̅̅̅̅ = 𝑅𝑇
1. Definition of Midpoint, 𝐴𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
2. Def. of Supplementary Angles, m1 + m2 = 180°
3. Def. of Complementary Angles, a and b are complementary angles
4. Def. of Angle Bisector, TAS = SAN
5. Def. of Linear pair, m1 + m2 = 180°
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
̅̅̅̅
1. Definition of Midpoint, 𝐺𝑆 = ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐴
2. Def. of Segment Bisector, 𝑆𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑆𝑅̅̅̅̅
3. Def. of Perpendicular Lines, GRA is a right angle
4. Def. of Supplementary angles, mGRA + mRAY = 180°
5. Def. of Right angle, mGYS + mSYA = 90°
POSTTEST
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C
KEY TO CORRECTION