Mathematics 8

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 4
17
Mathematical System:
Axioms
Mathematics Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 4: Mathematical System: Axioms
First Edition, 2020

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 Mathematics 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 4
Mathematical System: Axioms
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Mathematical

System: Axioms!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Mathematical

System: Axioms!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.
This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the self-learning

module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Illustrate the need for an axiomatic structure of a mathematical

system in general, and particularly in axioms.

PRETEST

Directions: Identify what is being asked in each question. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Which property of equality allows you to conclude that “If x = y and y = z,
then x = z” is true?
A. Reflexive property C. Symmetric property
B. Substitution property D. Transitive property

2. Which is an example of the symmetric property of equality?

A. A = A C. A=B and B=C, then A=C
B. If A=B, then B=A D. If A=B, B can be used for all A

𝐴𝐵  ̅̅̅̅
3. What property of congruence is illustrated in the statement: “If ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐹 
𝐷𝐸 , and ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ , then 𝐴𝐵
𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ ”.
A. Reflexive C. Symmetric
B. Substitution D. Transitive

4. Name the property which justifies the given conclusion.

Given: LV = 23
Conclusion: LV + 5 = 28
A. Addition Property of Equality C. Multiplication Property of Equality
B. Division Property of Equality D. Subtraction Property of Equality

5. Which of the following shows the reflexive property of congruence?

A. AB  AB C. If X  Y and Y  Z, then X  Z
B. If AB  BD, then BD  AB D. If A  B, B can be used for all A
 RECAP
Tell Me!!!

Direction: Read each of the following statements and state the postulate being
defined.
____________________ 1. If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line.

____________________ 2. Through any two points there is exactly one line.

____________________ 3. Through any three non-collinear points there is exactly one

plane.

____________________ 4. If O is between H and T, then HO + OT = HT.

____________________ 5. If two points of a line lie in a plane, then the line lies in the
same plane.

LESSON

Axiom is a mathematical statement that is accepted to be true without any

proof. In general, we use ‘postulate’ in geometry that was being discussed in the last
module and ‘axiom’ in other sections of mathematics. These are useful in proving
theorems and other statements in geometry.
Listed below are some of the axioms (real numbers and equality) often used in
Algebra and Geometry.

Properties of Equalities
Property Illustrations
For any real numbers a, b, c, and d:
1. Reflexive Property of Equality a=a

2. Symmetric Property of Equality If a = b, then b = a.

3. Transitive Property of Equality If a = b and b = c, then a = c

If a = b, then a + c = b + c. or
4. Addition Property of Equality
If a = b and c = d, then a + c = b + d.

5. Subtraction Property of Equality
6. Multiplication Property of Equality
7. Division Property of Equality
8. Substitution Property of Equality
Properties of Congruence
Property
1. Reflexive Property of Congruence
2. Symmetric Property of Congruence
3. Transitive Property of Congruence
Example 1: Name the property illustrated below.
A. If AB is a real number, then AB = AB
B. If AB = CD, then CD = AB.
C. If m1 = m2 and m3 = m4
then m1 + m3 = m2 + m4.
D. If JK = LM and LM = NO, then JK = NO.: Transitive Property of Equality
E. If x – 5 = 10, then x = 15.
1
F. If 𝐴𝐵 = 10, then AB = 20.
2
G. If x + 3 = 25, then x = 22.
H. If 2x = 6, then x = 3.
I. If mA = mB + 35° and mB = 56°
then mA = 56° + 35°.
̅̅̅̅  ̅̅̅̅
J. If 𝐵𝑃 𝐸𝑋  𝐽𝐻
𝐸𝑋 and ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅  𝑱𝑯
̅̅̅̅ , then 𝑩𝑷 ̅̅̅̅.
K. If ∠TEX ≅ ∠BAC, then ∠BAC ≅ ∠TEX.
L. A  A
If a = b, then a – c = b – c. or
If a = b and c = d, then a – c = b – d.
If a = b, then ac = bc. or
If a = b and c = d, then ac = bd.
𝑎 𝑏
If a = b and c ≠ 0, then 𝑐 = 𝑐
If a = b, then a may be replaced by b in any
equation.
Illustrations
𝐴𝐵  ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵  𝐶𝐷
If ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅  ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅, then 𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐵.
If A  B and B  C, then A C.
: Reflexive Property of Equality
: Symmetric Property of Equality
: Addition Property of Equality
: Addition Property of Equality
: Multiplication Property of Equality
: Subtraction Property of Equality
: Division Property of Equality
: Substitution Property of Equality
: Transitive Property of Congruence
: Symmetric Property of Congruence
: Reflexive Property of Congruence
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Match Column A with Column B to name the properties illustrated
below.

___1. mHIJ = mHIJ A. Reflexive Property of Equality

___2. If ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑈, then ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑈 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆. B. Symmetric Property of Equality

___3. If XD = DS and DS = RK, then XD = RK. C. Transitive Property of Equality

___4. If mP = mQ, then mQ = mP D. Reflexive Property of Congruence

___5. If F  G and G  H, then F  H E. Symmetric Property of

Congruence
F. Transitive Property of Congruence

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Answer the following questions.

___________________ 1. In the equation 5 + x = 10, what property should be used

to solve this equation?

___________________ 2. What property of congruence is used in “if a  b, then b  a” ?

___________________ 3. What property should be used to solve the equation 3x = 12?

𝑥
___________________ 4. What property should be used to solve the equation = 15?
4

___________________ 5. If 3x – 5 = 7 and x = 4, then 3(4) – 5 = 7. What property is

being illustrated?

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Use the given property to complete each statement.

1. Symmetric Property : If J  K, then _____________________________________.

2. Substitution Property : If AB – CD = 15 and CD = 7, then _____________________.

3. Transitive Property : If mA + mB = mC and mC = mD, then _________.

4. Division Property : If 2 mA = 14, then __________________________________.

5. Subtraction Property : If 25x + 12 = 32, then 25x = __________________________.
 WRAP-UP

Remember that…

Properties of Equality
For any real numbers a, b, c, and d:

1. Reflexive Property of Equality (RPE) :a=a

2. Symmetric Property of Equality (SymPE) : If a = b, then b = a.

3. Transitive Property of Equality (TPE) : If a = b and b = c, then a = c

4. Addition Property of Equality (APE) : If a = b, then a + c = b + c.

5. Subtraction Property of Equality (SPE) : If a = b, then a – c = b – c.

6. Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE) : If a = b, then ac = bc.
𝑎 𝑏
7. Division Property of Equality (DPE) : If a = b and c ≠ 0, then = .
𝑐 𝑐

8. Substitution Property of Equality (SubsPE) : If a = b, then a may be

replaced by b in any equation.

Properties of Congruence
1. Reflexive Property of Congruence (RPC) 𝐴𝐵  ̅̅̅̅
: ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵

𝐴𝐵  ̅̅̅̅
2. Symmetric Property of Congruence (SymPC) : If ̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝐷  ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 , then ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵

3. Transitive Property of Congruence (TPC) : If A  B and B  C,

then A C.

VALUING

Reflection: (Journal Writing)

Applying different properties of equality is very useful in solving mathematical

equations. In real-life situations, cite some instances that show equality and its
importance. Write your answer in your notebook.
 POSTTEST

Directions: Identify what is being asked in each question. Write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Which property of equality allows you to conclude that the following is true?
If mD = mE and mE = mF, then mD = mF.
A. Reflexive C. Symmetric
B. Substitution D. Transitive

2. Name the property of equality which justifies the following conclusion.

GIVEN : JM + 5 = 23,
CONCLUSION: JM = 18

A. Addition Property C. Multiplication Property

B. Division Property D. Subtraction Property

3. If AB = 8, and AC = AB + BC, then AC = 8 + BC. What property of equality is

illustrated?
A. Reflexive C. Symmetric
B. Substitution D. Transitive

4. Which of the following is an example of a symmetric property of congruence?

A. VJ  VJ C. If A  C and C  E, then A  E
B. If VJ  AC, then AC  VJ D. If M  J, J can be used for all M

̅̅̅̅  𝐼𝐽
5. What property of congruence is illustrated in the statement: “If 𝐺𝐻 ̅
̅ , and 𝐼𝐽
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝐿 , then 𝐺𝐻 ≅ 𝐾𝐿.”?
A. Multiplication C. Transitive
B. Substitution D. Reflexive
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. C 4. B 3. C 2. D 1. D
POSTTEST
3. mA + mB = mD
5. 20 2. AB – 7 = 15
4. mA = 7 1. K  J
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

5. Substitution Prop. of Equality

4. Multiplication Prop. of Equality
3. Division Prop. of Equality
2. Symmetric Prop. of Congruence
1. Subtraction Prop. of Equality
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
5. F 4. B 3. C 2. E 1. A
ACTIVITY I: LET’S PRACTICE!
5. Flat-Plane Postulate
4. Segment Addition Postulate
3. The Plane Postulate
2. Line Postulate
1. Plane Intersection Postulate
RECAP
5. A 4. A 3. D 2. B 1. D
PRETEST

References
Nivera, Gladys. Grade 8 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities. Updated Edition.
Makati City: Salesiana BOOKS by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2014.
Orines, Fernando, Diaz, Zenaida, Mojica, Maharlika, Manalo, Catalina, Suzara,
Josephine, Mercado, Jesus, Esparrago, Mirla, and Nestor Reyes Jr. Next
Century Mathematics 8. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2013.
Yeo, Joseph, Seng, Teh Keng, Yee, Long Cheng, Chow, Ivy, Meng, Neo Chai, and Ong
Chan Hong. New Syllabus Mathematics 8. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016.
https://www.murrieta.k12.ca.us/cms/lib5/ca01000508/centricity/domain/1830/
t2.6.pdf. Properties of Equality and Congruence. (accessed July 3, 2020).