JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

1
Jose Rizal University

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RANK ONE REVIEW CENTER AS A

CATALYST OF CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES OF JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY FOR
PASSING A CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAMINATION

A Research Paper Submitted

To the Faculty of Arts, Criminology, and Education

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

By:
Aguilar, Ranier F.
Agustin, Renz Oliver
Altiche, Albert
Andes, Joshua Ed
Badillo, Jan Jeri H.

1st Semester S.Y. 2021-2022

JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

APPROVAL SHEET
This study is entitled, EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RANK ONE
REVIEW CENTER AS A CATALYST OF CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES OF JOSE
RIZAL UNIVERSITY FOR PASSING A CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE
EXAMINATION prepared and submitted by AGUILAR RANIER, AGUSTIN RENZ,
ALTICHE ALBERT, ANDES JOSHUA AND BADILLO JAN JERI. In partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of Science in Criminology,
has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for oral
presentation.

P/CORP. MARK ANTHONY RIGOR MS CRIM

Research Adviser

Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS on Oral Defense on October 8, 2019 with

a grade of _____.

PROF. ANTONIO S. LACPAPAN, MS CRIM

Chairperson, Department of Criminology

MEMBER MEMBER

ACCEPTANCE
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

DR. MARGIE U. ALCAIDE

of Liberal Arts, Criminology and Education
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We hereby declare that this study entitled EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS

OF RANK ONE REVIEW CENTER AS A CATALYST OF CRIMINOLOGY
GRADUATES OF JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY FOR PASSING A CRIMINOLOGY
LICENSURE EXAMINATION is our own original work carried out as an
undergraduate student at Jose Rizal University except to the assistance from others
in the study’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic
expression are duly acknowledged.

All sources used for the study have been fully and properly cited. It contains no
material which to substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other
degree at Jose Rizal University or any other educational institution, except where the
acknowledgement is made in the study.

BY:
AGUILAR, RANIER
AGUSTIN, RENZ
ALTICHE, ALBERT
ANDES, JOSHUA
BADILLO, JAN JERI

A.Y. 2021-2022
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY

College of Liberal Arts, Criminology and Education

ABSTRACT

RESEARCH TITLE: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RANK ONE

REVIEW CENTER AS A CATALYST OF
CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES OF JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY FOR PASSING
A CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAMINATION

RESEARCHERS: AGUILAR, RANIER

AGUSTIN, RENZ
ALTICHE, ALBERT
ANDES, JOSHUA
BADILLO, JAN JERI

THESIS ADVISER: P/CORP. MARK ANTHONY RIGOR

INSTITUTION: JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY AND EDUCATION

DEGREE: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

YEAR: 2021-2022
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Education is critical in harnessing man's potential and capacities in order to

make him a productive and successful part of society; hence, education's ultimate
goal is to help people develop as individuals. As a result, schools were created in
every possible location to satisfy man's thirst for information and optimal growth. As
a result of this increased understanding of the tremendous benefits of education, the
school began to offer a variety of courses, particularly at the tertiary level. Most
students study harder in class to reach their goals and acquire their diplomas,
putting in time and effort only to discover that a diploma isn't required to secure a
quality job. It's because the business world of today is unpredictably unpredictable
when it comes to its employees. To complement their inventiveness, prestigious
government agencies create requirements for individual employee qualifications.
The qualifications that qualify employees to have their professional identities are
scrutinized by law enforcement government authorities. Because of these criteria,
students in criminology classes are persuaded to take qualifying examinations.
Comprehensive review became a component of the curriculum in most
schools as a result of this. Graduates utilize review as one of the methods for
enriching their knowledge gained at the tertiary level. These techniques were able to
maximize their strengths while minimizing their flaws, and they were predicted to be
more capable of passing the board test. In addition, a review center is a study center
established to refresh and improve reviewers' expertise, competence, and
knowledge developed in a formal school setting in preparation for the Professional
Regulation Commission's licensure examination, according to Commission on
Higher Education CMO No. 30 (2007). Furthermore, according to Linga & Magtaan
(2008), the licensure exam is a testament to BS Criminology graduates'
professionalism and job successes. The Board of Examiners for Criminology was
established on July 1, 1972, by Republic Act 6506, titled "An act forming the Board
examinees for Criminologists in the Philippines and for other reasons."
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

 
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 
A criminologist is a social scientist who studies and controls criminal behavior.
They aren't on the front lines like police officers when it comes to battling crime.
Instead, criminologists compile and analyze data on crimes and the people who
commit them in order to spot trends in criminal behavior. This information is used by
criminologists to build hypotheses that explain the origins and effects of criminal
conduct in order to avoid it. Because criminology is an academic career, there are
extensive and difficult academic prerequisites to become a criminologist. Much of
criminology is focused on analyzing and forecasting the foundations of behavior
based on inadequate data. Because the majority of criminologists work for law
enforcement agencies, background and security checks are required. Candidates
who have proven accountability, inventiveness, and logical thinking are sought after
by employers. Criminologists must be able to plan and execute effective research
initiatives. A handful of states need criminologists to pass written exams before they
may be licensed. In comparison to other professions, criminology has a very high
rate of practice. Aside from related Doctorate degrees, many colleges and
universities around the world offer Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Bachelor of
Science in Forensic Science, and Associate in Police Science, as well as Masters in
Criminology and Criminal Justice, Master of Public Administration Major in Law
Enforcement and Public Safety Administration. This just demonstrates that these
colleges require criminologists to teach and participate in these courses or
programs. As a result, a criminologist must take the board and pass the test in order
to meet the academic and professional criteria. The Professional Regulation
Commission (PRC) is in charge of administering, enforcing, and enforcing regulatory
rules governing the regulation and licensing of different professions and vocations
that fall within its authority. It is the Filipino people's instrument for securing for the
country a reliable, trustworthy, and progressive system of developing professionals
with solid personal integrity and spiritual values, globally competitive competencies,
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

and a strong and steadfast commitment to serve the Filipino nation and the entire
community. 
    
According to R.A. No. 6506 Sec. 12 of qualifications for examination, any 
person applying for examination and for a certificate, shall, prior to admission to
examination, establish to the satisfaction of the Board that: (a) He is at least
eighteen years of age and a citizen of the Philippines; (b) He must be a person of
good moral character, as certified to by at least three persons of good standing in
the community wherein he resides; (c) He must not have been convicted of a crime
involving moral turpitude; and (d) He has graduated in Criminology from a school,
college or institute recognized by the Government after completing a four-year
resident collegiate course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology (B.S. Crim.): provided that holders of Bachelor of Laws degree may,
within five years after the approval of this Act, take this examination after completing
at least ninety-four (94) units Criminology, Law Enforcement, Police Science and
Penology subjects. With that, passing the Board Examination in Criminology known
as the Licensure Examination for Criminologists is the only means to get the license
to practice the profession as a criminologist in the Philippines. Once licensed as a
criminologist, it gives the holder an open door to enter several options of
employment in the private and public sector as well as in the international arena.
Nonetheless, worthy to note is that criminology is a dynamic profession and a multi-
disciplinary science. To become a licensed criminologist, it requires one to work very
hard. All efforts must be made from the time you decided to enroll in the course.
Unfortunately, according to statistics, there is a very low passing percentage in the
Criminology Board Exam included in PRC records. 
  
In the National Passing Percentage in Criminology Licensure Examinations
(CY 2003 – 2011) based on PRC records shows on March 2003 got forty-four and
ninety-three hundredths' percent (44.93%) where 1,325 who was passed out of
2,949. In August 2003 2,776 examiners passed the board out of 7,798 with thirty-five
and sixty hundredths' percent (35.60%) passing rate. In the following year in March
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

2004 with thirty and five tenths' percent (30.05%) passing percentage, 1,032 out of
3,378 who passed the board examination. On Aug. 2004 2,311 who passed the
exam out of 8,296 with twenty-seven and eighty-five hundredths percent (27.85%)
passing percentage. Also, in May 2005 got thirty and eighty-four hundredths' percent
(30.84%) passing percentage where 1,487 out of 4,811 passed the board
examination. In the same year Oct. 2005 there were 2,183 out of 6,966 luckily
passed with thirty-one and thirty-three hundredths' percent (31.33%) national
passing percentage. the preceding year of May 2006 with thirty and thirty-seven
hundredths' percent (30.37%) passing percentage where 1,130 board passers out of
3,720 examiners. And the same year in Oct. 2006 where 2,438 out of 7,707 passed
the board exam with thirty-one and sixty-three hundredths' percent (31.63%) passing
percentage. Thus, the average passing percentages from 2003 to 2006 range in
thirty-two and eighty-two hundredths' percent (32.82%). The next year in May 2007
1,576 out of 4,477 were able to hurdle the licensure examination with thirty-five
percent (35%) passing percentage. In the same year, month of October, thirty
percent (30%) passing percentage is recorded wherein only 2, 887 who passed the
board exam from 9,424 who took the board examination. The next year march 2008,
out of 3,318 only 927 passed the board examination equivalent to twenty seven
percent (27%) passing percentage. In the same year in the month of August with
thirty-three percent (33%) passing percentage and 12,167 examiners, only 4,101
who passed the board. Year 2009 in the month of April had thirty-one percent (31%)
passing percentage with 2,433 board passers out of 7,702. September of the same
year 5,046 out of 14,142 who passed the board exam with thirty-five percent (35%)
passing percentage. In April 2010, 9,739 examiners took the board exam and 3, 084
examiners who luckily passed it with equivalent of thirty-one percent (31%) passing
percentage. Month of August in the same year had thirty- five percent (35%) passing
percentage with 5,880 board passers and a total of 16,644 examinees. Thus the
average passing percentage from 2007 to 2010 was thirty-two percent (32%). Last
year in April 2011 had the lowest passing percentage of Licensure Board
Examination in the history so far with twenty-one percent (21%) passing rate
equivalent to 2,361 board passers out of 10,943 examiners. Same year in the month
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

of October with a total of 17,804 and the highest number of examiners had 7,789
board passers with forty-four percent (44%) passing percentage. With the desire to
improve licensure passing percentages, the different colleges of the university used
to conduct review classes among their graduates. As its aim is to improve the quality
of review under the CHED policies and standards.  
    
In general, the review center introduces a new generation of experts into the
field of law enforcement. Most review centers, it seems, are confronted with certain
facts that can be classified as a realm that affects the review center. A criminology
student can come across dynamic problems and disputes that will require more than
theoretical knowledge and skills to overcome. Moreover, as they go through a series
of studies and practices, criminology students search out studies and practices. Due
to a variety of factors, including the complex nature of the problem, learning and
expertise in ethical decision-making are insufficient to resolve ethical concerns.
Students are facing a lot of stress when pursuing professionalism in the criminologist
industry, particularly when they are entering the field of real law enforcement duty.
The analysis is concerned with two interrelated problems, according to the
background of the paper. Furthermore, it is evident from the year 2017 up to now
that the passing percentage of Jose Rizal University Criminology graduates ranges
from 40 to 47 percent (TheSummitExpress, 2017). Review center will help make it
profitable for a center that will help examinees in developing a strong foundation for
passing an exam, particularly in criminology-related courses.
This study entitled Evaluating the effectiveness Of Rank One review center as
a catalyst for Criminology Graduates of Jose Rizal University for passing a licensure
examination will be conducted to assess, determine and evaluate the effectiveness
of review center for criminology graduates of the university in which the result of the
study will be beneficial not only to the researchers but also to the school and
criminology students/graduates.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theoretical framework of this study is based on Weiner's Attribution

Theory (Weiner, 1974) and Cronbach and Snow’s Aptitude Treatment Interaction
Theory (Cronbach & Snow, 1989).

The Attribution Theory of Weiner outlines a method for scrutinizing and

understanding motivation and achievement in the academe, which is appropriate for
the study at hand. In the said model, the proponent outlined the processes through
which learners form causal beliefs (Weiner 1985, 2005). A basic assumed principle
of the model is that learners are affected by factors found in the environment
(characteristics of the learner’s home or school environment) and by personal
factors (past experiences and stock knowledge). The above-mentioned factors affect
the types of beliefs or attributions that learners are able to make.
On the other hand, according to the Aptitude-Treatment Interaction (ATI)
theory, there are some instructional strategies (treatments) which are more or less
effective for particular individuals or groups only depending upon their specific
abilities. ATI suggests that optimal learning can be achieved when the instruction is
exactly matched to the abilities of the learner.
These theories are relevant to the present study because it pertains to the
influence of review centers on criminology graduates. It also focuses on direct
guidance which includes methods of instruction, support and facilitate learning of
these review centers.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1 depicts the study's conceptual framework, which explains the flow of
the study's major components. To emphasize the processes that would be included
in the study, the structure was separated into three primary parts (input, process,
and output).

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Demographic 1. Evaluation of
profile
the input through:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender 1.1 Survey
1.3 Year graduated
Questionnaire;
1.4 Criminologist
1.5 Non-Crminologist
1.6 Academic 2. Treatment of Conclusion and
Scholar data using the
1.7 With Latin Honor Recommendation
following s in the
Evaluation of statistics: Effectiveness
respondents towards
effectivenss of rank
Rank One review
one review center in
2.1 Frequency center as a
terms of; catalyst of
2.2 Percentage criminology
a. Review Materials graduates
b. Professional
Qualifications and 2.3 Mean of Jose Rizal
skills of University for
Review lecturers
3. Presentation. paasing the
c. Methodology of the crimonology
Review Center Analysis and
d. Equipment and Interpretation of licensure
Facility data examination

3. Measures may be
proposed to
enhance the
effectiveness o fRank
One Review
Center
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

The conceptual framework is in the I-P-O (Input-Process-Output) structure, as

shown in Figure 1. As a starting point, this study will look at the demographic profile
of the respondents, their assessment of the effectiveness of the Rank One review
center, an occurred or proposed conclusion and recommendation. As the process
progresses, taking a survey using virtual survey forms will be the preferred option for
adhering to health regulations and avoiding the COVID-19 pandemic's impact as
followed by a statistical treatment and interpretation on the datas gathered. As a
consequence of the data obtained, recommendations and conclusions will be made
in the effectiveness of Rank One Review Center as a catalyst of JRU criminology
graduates for passing the licensure examination.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the rank one review center for
JRU Criminology Graduates. This research will specifically seek to answer the
following research question:

1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Year graduated;
1.4 Criminologist
1.5 Non-Criminologist
1.6 Academic Scholar
1.7 With Latin honor

2. How do the respondents evaluate the effectiveness of rank one review center in
terms of;
a) Review Materials
b) Professional Qualifications and skills of Review lecturers
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

c) Methodology of the Review Center

d) Equipment and Facility
3. From the findings of the study, what measures may be proposed to
enhance the effectiveness o fRank One Review
Center?

HYPOTHESIS

Based on the problem of the study, the research hypothesis was formulated

and tested at the level of significance of 0.05:

1. There is no significant difference between the rank one review center on the

performance of JRU criminology graduates.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study was a purse to find the Effectiveness of Rank One Review Center
for Criminology Students. Accordingly, this study will benefit the following:

Criminology Students -  by the help of this study, the current and future
Criminology students can prepare themselves for the reasons that enrolling in a
review center after completing the course is beneficial. The findings of the study can
help them to find how effective they can cope and how they can benefit from
enrolling in review centers.

Jose Rizal University - The result of this study will provide insight and information
that can be a source material that the professors can assimilate and disseminate.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Proponents of this study - Since the researchers are currently taking Bachelor of
Science in Criminology, The results of the study may be useful in formulating and
recommending a strategy for improving and sustaining the quality of students
produced. It will assist them in understanding how effective the review center is after
completing the course and their performance.

Future researchers - This study can be used as a guide to provide a more complex
outcome for those who want to broaden the scope and findings of the study. The
study may be used to develop new insights that improve on the current subject.

SCOPE  AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of the Rank One review
center for the preparation of taking licensure examination of the criminology
graduates of Jose Rizal University Class 2016-2019.
 
The study limits its coverage for the graduate students of Jose Rizal University
class 2016-2019 that have already taken the review center with Rank One . Its main
purpose is to know their experience of attending a review center in Rank One and
how effective it is. This study includes all the available specified participants who are
willing to participate in this study.
 
DEFINITION OF TERMS

For purposes of clarity, the following terms are defined as used in the study:

Criminologist - is any person who is a graduate of the Degree of Criminology, who

has passed the examination for criminologists and is registered as such by the
Board. It also studies why certain areas have more crimes or how crime affects
victims.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Criminology - is the scientific study of the nature, extent, causes, and control of
criminal behavior in both the individual and in society. The study of crime from a
social perspective, including examining who commits crimes, why they commit them,
their impact, and how to prevent them.

Effectiveness - is the capability of producing a desired result. When something is

deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a
deep, vivid impression. The degree to which the objectives are achieved and the
extent to which the targeted problems are solved. Enhances to make greater, as in
value, beauty, or effectiveness; augment; To provide with improved, advanced, or
sophisticated features.

Equipment - is tangible property (other than land or buildings) that is used in the
operations of a business. Examples of equipment include devices, machines, tools
and vehicles. Facility may refer to an installation, contrivance, or other things which
facilitates something.

Evaluate- to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of

something.

Interdisciplinary - A study involving the combination of two or more academic

disciplines into one activity. It is about creating something by thinking across
boundaries.

Republic Act No. 6506- An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists
in the Philippines and For Other Purposes.

Review - is to look over, study, or examine again. A formal assessment or

examination of something with the possibility or intention of instituting change if
necessary.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Reviewee - refers to enrollees or participants in a review class or course. A

Reviewer is the person completing the review, or the person(s) answering the
questions.

Reviewer - is one who reviews, especially one who writes critical reviews, as for a
newspaper or magazine. They provide feedback on the paper, suggest
improvements and make a recommendation.

Review Center - refers to a center operated and owned a duly authorized entity
pursuant to the Rules intending to offer to the public and/or to specialized groups
whether for a free or for free a program or course of study that is intended to refresh
and enhance the knowledge or competencies and skills of reviewees obtained in the
formal school setting.

Review Course - refers to the set of non-degree instructional programs of study

and/or instructional materials/modules, offered by a school with recognized
course/program requiring licensure examination, that are intended to merely refresh
and enhance the knowledge or competencies and skill of reviewers.

Sociology - is the scientific study of society. It is a social science (a term with which
it is sometimes synonymous) which uses various methods of empirical investigation
and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This part of the study deals with the review of different related literature and
studies written by both foreign and local authors with regard to the “Evaluating the
Effectiveness of Rank One Review Center as a Catalyst of Criminology Graduates of
Jose Rizal University for Passing a Criminology Licensure Examination” The
researchers believed that these references would contribute in one way or another,
in the preparation of the study.

Foreign Literature

The most important concept to be addressed in responding to your question

is whether the performance examination measures the skill or knowledge better than
some other form of assessment. According to Guion (1995), the meaning of
performance assessment is more obscure and subject to irrelevant sources of
variance. One of the shortcomings of performance examinations is that the choice of
tasks is a potential source of measurement error. If a few tasks are selected for
measurement, the results of the assessment do not provide a clear indication of the
candidate’s capacity to perform all the activities in the profession.

On the other hand, if the tasks being assessed are more varied, the reliability
of the assessment may be lowered. The selection of tasks becomes a problem
because performance examinations require more time to administer than, for
example, multiple choice examinations. When earning your undergraduate B.S. in
Criminal Justice, you will earn your Master of Science in Criminal Justice
Administration. With full-time registration, the two degrees can be completed in five
years. In their fourth year, students will begin taking Master's degree courses after
completing the B.S. Criminal Justice requirements. The total number of credits for
the undergraduate and graduate degrees combined is 152. In addition to completing
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

their Master's degree, students would be able to explore the same opportunities as
they would in a B.S. program. The five-year curriculum includes a strong core of
professional courses as well as a diverse liberal arts foundation. Students who
complete this program are eligible to participate in the Maine Criminal Justice
Academy's Pre-Service Training program, which certifies individuals to serve as
part-time law enforcement officers in the state of Maine while also receiving six
college credits (Christie, 2017).

According to Cooper, Updegrove & Bouffard (2019), the initial transition to

graduate school provides a critical opportunity for promoting a positive educational
experience among incoming students. This study discusses the importance of this
transition and then describes a novel student-led orientation approach to facilitating
successful entry of new students into criminology and criminal justice graduate
degree programs. Results from an evaluation of this approach are presented.
Analyses of focus group and student survey data indicate that graduate students
matriculating into a criminology and criminal justice program in a southern state felt
welcomed and found the information, guidance, and social networks that they
developed to be helpful. At the same time, students identified ways the orientation
could be improved for future cohorts. A student-led orientation, along with evaluation
of it, provides a promising strategy for criminology and criminal justice graduate
programs to create positive educational and professionalization experiences for their
students.

Meanwhile, Gordon (1988) discussed the participation of the teacher in

effective training. The quality of a teacher's interpersonal relationships with students,
parents and administrators directly affects how well they facilitate learning and
manage their classrooms. This book describes and illustrates the skills and
procedures teachers need in order to foster the cooperation and motivation of
students, conduct productive teacher-parent conferences and earn the trust of their
colleagues and administrators. The T.E.T. book is also used in a number of teacher
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

training colleges and universities. In schools, both public and private, teachers and
administrators report, "It works" reducing disciplinary problems in the classroom,
fostering greater involvement of students in the learning process, giving teachers
more "time-on-task," and making learning more fun and teaching less stressful.

According to Pitter (2011) issues surrounding the use of licensure

examination results as measures of outcome in institutions of higher education.
Based on informal telephone surveys of several state university systems, and on
information obtained from national certification organizations, faculty experts,
reviews of the literature, and the experience of the State of Florida, the study finds
no uniformity of opinion regarding the use of certification and licensure examination
results to assess academic programs; examinations are seen more as a measure of
student ability than program validity.

Foreign Studies

According to Alday et. al. (2020) there was a study about Academic
Performance in Criminalistics Courses of Senior BS Criminology. The purpose of
this study researchers is finding the weaknesses and strengths of the students to
find the factors to enhance the student’s learning performance at school. This study
dealt with the academic performance of Senior BS Criminology students in their
criminalistics courses and the activities of 26 males and 24 female students. A
descriptive method of research was used in the study. The survey questionnaire was
used. Percentage, weighted mean, and ranking the statistical tools were employed
to treat the data. Results show the senior BS Criminology students got above
average grades in their criminalistics courses. The identified factors affecting their
academic performance were the student and teacher-related factors. Listening
attentively, motivation to get high grades, and studying were some of the student-
related factors, while mastery of the subject is the topmost factor affecting their
performance in terms of teacher-related problems. The students excel in their
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

criminalistics courses, but rooms for improvement must be made. The academic
performance of the students was affected by the relationship between teachers and
students in the classroom.

Researchers agree that teachers are one of the most important school-based
resources in determining students’ future academic success and lifetime outcomes
(Chetty et al. 2014; Rivkin et al. 2005; Rockoff 2004). As a consequence, there has
been a strong emphasis on improving teacher effectiveness as a means to enhance
student learning. Goe (2007), among others, defined teacher effectiveness in terms
of growth in student learning, typically measured by student standardized
assessment results. Chetty et al. (2014) found that students taught by highly
effective teachers, as defined by the student growth percentile (SGPs) and value-
added measures (VAMs), were more likely to attend college, earn more, live in
higher-income neighborhoods, save more money for retirement, and were less likely
to have children during their teenage years. This potential of a highly effective
teacher to significantly enhance the lives of their students makes it essential that
researchers and policymakers properly understand the factors that contribute to a
teacher’s effectiveness.

Meanwhile, other studies have failed to identify consistent and statistically

significant associations between student achievement and teacher experience
(Blomeke et al. 2016; Gustaffsson and Nilson 2016; Hanushek and Luque 2003;
Luschei and Chudgar 2011; Wilson and Floden 2003). Some research from the
United States has indicated that experience matters very much early on in a
teacher’s career, but that, in later years, there were little to no additional gains (Boyd
et al. 2006; Rivkin et al. 2005; Staiger and Rockoff 2010). In the first few years of a
teacher’s career, accruing more years of experience seems to be more strongly
related to student achievement (Rice 2003).

According to Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues (2018), results

of the study are to identify methods for training police officers on the use of force and
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

to clarify the content of training modules. The significance of the obtained results is
that the revealed methods of education allow forming capacities for the lawful use of
power protection to ensure lawfulness and public safety, to directly suppress the
physical resistance of the offender and self-defence without the use of weapons.
The content of training modules provides a consistent study of the training material
on the development of legitimate power protection complexes. Identified criteria
contribute to the integration of educational programs; the formation of a sustainable
focus on the use of force protection for the security of the individual, society and the
state solely by lawful actions; development of basic physical qualities ensuring the
success of single actions for self-defence and detention of a resisting offender.

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to the book of M.J, Mendezabal (2013), The Road to Academic

Success. Results of the study showed that the participants do not have favorable
study habits and attitudes. Among the noted unfavorable study habits were
inefficient time management, lack of planning and concentration in their studies,
poor skills in reading, ineffective test taking techniques, and failure to inform their
teachers of their difficulties with school work and ask for their help. The participants
also demonstrated unfavorable attitudes toward teachers’ classroom behavior and
methods. It was further revealed that their performance in licensure examinations
was quite low. Significant relationships between study habits and attitudes and
performance in licensure examination were clearly shown in this study. Further
analysis revealed that study habits (work methods and time management) of the
participants were correlated with their success in licensure examination while
studying.

Now, in order to deal effectively with the examinations, as an individual or as

a group, the philosophy of Sun Tzu may be applied. As it is said, “Know thy enemy
and know thyself, and you need not fear to face hundreds of battles.” The enemy
refers to the board examination; the self refers to the examinee. The battle refers to
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

the three-day period of actually taking the six (6) areas of the Board Examination.
There are several ways to cope with the coverage of the examinations. One should
organize and prepare reading materials, review notes and quizzes based on the
given scopes. Visual aids and audio materials should be utilized as they can improve
aptitude particularly on memory or retention of information in the brain. The
collection of test questionnaires given in the past board examinations are also an
important aspect of the review process as they can be useful as exercises or
practices. It has been said many times - practice makes perfect (Manwong, 2021).

According to Manalo (2013), the correlation between the LPU-Batangas Mock

Board Examination and the Customs Brokers Licensure Examination for the
academic years 2008-2010 showed that the Mock Board Examination results for the
academic years 2008-2010 were on the decline, despite students' strong
performance in the Broker Licensure Examination. This suggests that the Mock
Board Examination was not a good predictor of customs graduates' performance on
the Customs Brokers Licensure Examination. To improve their passing rate, they
devised a course of action

Of course, most of the time you will be staying at home, so review. Make a
study schedule and follow it so you can still maintain a balanced life while preparing
for the big two days / three days / four days board exam. Remove all destruction
while reviewing; mobile phones, laptop, Facebook, Twitter, DOTA, and everything
that will let you lose your focus. When you have focus, there is momentum, you
become better in solving problems, in decision making, and there will be clarity.
(Matt, 2020)

According to Villarmia (2017), there was study about Perception of Graduates

in Their Educational Experience and Readiness to Take the Criminology Licensure
Examination. The purpose of the study is to exercise and practical training that are
provided for the students as part of preparation of the school. It aims the perceptions
of criminology graduates on their expectation for the licensure examination, quality
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

of teaching, roles and responsibilities and confidence to take the criminologist

licensure examination. The qualitative method used by the researcher focused on
group discussion to draw out the perception of graduate students. It can be
concluded that the pioneering class was satisfied in their four-year course as most of
their expectations were realized during their studies. Respondents are also prepared
for any jobs related to their course that will be offered as they acquired most of the
basic duties and responsibilities. However, enhancement review is not sufficient for
them to pass the board exam. Thus, a regular review program will help them prepare
to become licensed criminologists.

LOCAL STUDIES

In the Philippines, producing equipped graduates who can lead in the industry
of their choice are challenges among academic institutions. Tamayo (2015) found
that large requirements during academic preparation among criminology graduates
lead to a comparative advantage in taking the licensure examination for
criminologists.

According to Asuncion (2020) Problems encountered by the respondents on

personal preparations specifically on financial aspects are moderately serious, same
through with mental aspects. In view of the results of this study, it is strongly
recommended that Enhance the instructional facilities and equipment of the school
to address the problems encountered by the examinees most especially the
classroom ventilations, audio visual room for the review classes, conducive room
that can accommodate big number of reviewees and the university shall establish a
review center exclusively catering their graduates so that they will be able to monitor
the individual performance of the reviewees.

Meanwhile, according to Noderama (2020), there was a study about

RELEVANCE OF THE CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW PROGRAM OF NIPSC
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

VICTORINO SALCEDO CAMPUS: BASIS FOR THE PROGRAM ENHANCEMENT.

The purpose of the study is to upgrade and develop the teaching and learning to
improve the performance in licensure examination. the strategies adopted in the
review program on the campus. Research findings revealed no significant difference
existed between the level of relevance of the review program and the respondents'
demographic profile; while a significant difference was noted between the level of
difficulty in the area of Law Enforcement Administration and the number of people
taking the examination. there was a significant relationship between the relevance
of the review center and its difficulty encountered in the licensure examination. In
this regard, an action plan was designed to enhance the passing percentage in the
Criminology Licensure Examination. The relationship of the study from the findings
that criminology review program conducted by the NIPSC-VSC was effective for the
graduate students of criminology for preparation in licensure examination.

According to ALDAY, E. G., MEDIOS, Y. M., ROSIN, M. M. & ADRA, M. Q.

(2020) there was a study about Academic Performance in Criminalistics Courses of
Senior BS Criminology. The purpose of this study researchers is finding the
weaknesses and strengths of the students to find the factors to enhance the
student’s learning performance at school. This study dealt with the academic
performance of Senior BS Criminology students in their criminalistics courses and
the activities of 26 males and 24 female students. A descriptive method of research
was used in the study. The survey questionnaire was used. Percentage, weighted
mean, and ranking the statistical tools were employed to treat the data. Results
show the senior BS Criminology students got above average grades in their
criminalistics courses. The identified factors affecting their academic performance
were the student and teacher-related factors. Listening attentively, motivation to get
high grades, and studying were some of the student-related factors, while mastery of
the subject is the topmost factor affecting their performance in terms of teacher-
related problems. The students excel in their criminalistics courses, but rooms for
improvement must be made. The academic performance of the students was
affected by the relationship between teachers and students in the classroom.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Based on the results, it can be concluded that the pioneering class was
satisfied in their four-year course as most of their expectations were realized during
their studies. Respondents are also prepared for any jobs related to their course that
will be offered as they acquired most of the basic duties and responsibilities.
However, enhancement review is not sufficient for them to pass the board exam.
Thus, a regular review program will help them prepare to become licensed
criminologists (Villarmia, 2018).

Furthermore, Baang (2016) added in the study about “Investigating the Macro
Perspective Affecting the Passing Rate in Board Examinations: A Take-off Point in
Designing a Causal Model”, the factors that influence their graduates' board review
scores have been exposed from such perspectives. As a result of analyzing all of the
data collected from the different groups of respondents, it was discovered that the
internal and stable variables about which the examinees had some control
influenced their Board Examination results.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design is the overarching plan for integrating the many

components of the study in a cohesive and logical manner to guarantee that the

research topic is effectively addressed; it is the blueprint for data collecting,

measurement, and analysis. The researcher seeks to properly and methodically

characterize a population, scenario, or phenomena using a quantitative research

methodology in assessing the Effectiveness of Rank One Review Center towards

Criminology Graduates of Jose Rizal University. The process of gathering and

evaluating numerical data is known as quantitative research design. It may be used

to look for patterns and averages, make predictions, evaluate causal links, and

extrapolate results to larger groups. It can answer queries about what, where, when,

and how, but not why (Scribbr, 2020). It's also a good choice when the goal of the

study is to find out about features, frequency, trends, and classifications.

Research Locale

This study's research will take place in Jose Rizal University, which is

located at 80 Shaw Blvd, Mandaluyong, 1552 Metro Manila. Furthermore, because

the Rank One review facility is affiliated with Jose Rizal University, graduates

receive review services exclusively on campus.

JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Participants of the Study

Respondents in this study are Jose Rizal University criminology graduates

from the class of 2016-2019 who have completed the review center with a Rank

One. The sample strategies that will be utilized to choose the participants are

Purposive and Convenience Sampling. A nonprobability sample is a purposive

sample, often known as a judgmental or expert sample. A purposive sample's

principal goal is to provide a sample that may be deemed to be representative of the

population. Convenience sampling, on the other hand, means that only those who

are willing and accessible are subjected to participation and deemed to be a part of

the study.

Instrumentation

Structured questionnaires will be utilized as research instruments in this

investigation. A structured questionnaire is a document that has a series of

standardized questions with a defined system that determines the exact language

and sequence of the questions in order to collect data from respondents. The

structured questionnaire in this study comprises scaled questions with replies

graded on a scale of 1.0 to 5.0. The effectiveness of Rank One Review Center will

be evaluated using verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree,

and Strongly Disagree, divided into four parts: (1) Review Materials, (2) Professional

Qualifications of Review lecturers, (3) Methodology of the Review Center, and (4)

Equipment and Facility.

JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will use several approaches for data collecting. This will be

done in order to collect enough data that is relevant to the study's research aims.

According to Ramesh, library study is a process that entails the examination of

information such as historical records and papers. Similarly, it includes gathering

information from published and unpublished library resources such as textbooks,

academic articles, conference proceedings, dissertations, and theses. In library

research, information acquired from an internet search is also employed. Secondary

data is information that can only be obtained by contacting the criminology

department's data. The secondary data was obtained and gathered directly from

Jose Rizal University's criminology department. The researcher will pick and obtain

permission for criminology graduates of Jose Rizal University class 2016-2019 in

Review Centers who have previously undergone through Rank One review center to

determine the samples for this study. Other persons who are better appropriate to

give comments about the study, as well as volunteer criminology graduates, will be

considered by the researcher. The researcher will arrange the findings by going over

the survey transcripts several times, reading them, and writing initial notes. The

information obtained in the survey has been tallied and evaluated. For JRU

Criminology Graduates class 2016-2019, likert scaling will be utilized to assess the

efficacy of the Rank One review center. The researcher will utilize a five-point scale,

with each point representing a Likert scale response. The findings of the data

analysis will be based on the mean scores. Furthermore, the data obtained from the
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

respondents will be the major sources that will be critical to the study's conclusion or

outcome, as well as a graphical display of the interpreted data.

Statistical/Data Treatment

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the review center for

JRU Criminology Graduates which the researcher will use the frequency, percentage

and mean. The frequency and percentage will describe the profile of the

respondents. And in order to determine the effectiveness of review centers, means

will be used.

Frequency and Percentage

This will be employed to determine the counts and percentage distribution

of personal related variables of the respondents. Frequency distributions can show

either the actual number of observations falling in each range or the percentage of

observations. In the latter instance, the distribution is called a relative frequency

distribution. Frequency distribution tables can be used for both categorical and

numeric variables.

Formula: P= F/N x 100

Where: P= Percentage

F= Frequency

N= Number of Respondents
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Mean

To calculate the mean of grouped data, the first step is to determine the

midpoint of each interval, or class. These midpoints must then be multiplied by the

frequencies of the corresponding classes. The sum of the products divided by the

total number of values will be the value of the mean. This will be used to determine

the assessment of the respondents with regards to their personal profiles.

x = (sum fx)/n

Likert Scale

The study will employ the likert scale in the effectiveness of the review

program of Rank One towards criminology graduates of Jose Rizal University class

2016-2019. The likert scale are as follows:

Descriptive Rating Point Value Mean Scale

Strongly Agree 4.21 - 5.00

Agree 3.41 – 4.20

Neutral 2.61 - 3.40

Disagree 1.81 – 2.60

Strongly Disagree 1.0 – 1.80

Survey Questionnaire

This is a survey questionnaire on our thesis entitled “(EVALUATING THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF RANK ONE REVIEW CENTER AS A CATALYST OF
CRIMINOLOGY GRADUATES OF JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY FOR PASSING A
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

CRIMINOLOGY LICENSURE EXAMINATION)”. Please feel free to answer all items

sincerely and honestly. Rest assured, all your answers shall be treated with utmost
confidentiality.

Instruction: Supply and check (/) all the necessary questions that correspond to
your answers in regards to your perception on the effectiveness of Rank One
Review Center.

Part I. Personal Information

Name (Optional): _________________________

Age:
( ) 21 years old and below
( ) 22-24 years old
( ) 25-27 years old
( ) 28 years old and above

Gender:
( ) Male
( ) Female

Year Graduated:
( ) 2016
( ) 2017
( ) 2018
( ) 2019

Eligibility
( ) Criminologist
( ) Non-Criminologist

With Latin Honor

( ) Summa Cum Laude
( ) Magna Cum Laude
( ) Cum Laude
( ) None

Part II. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Rank One review center in terms of

Review Materials, Professional Qualifications of Review lecturers,
Methodology of the Review Center, Equipment and Facility.
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Verbal Interpretation

5 – Strongly Agree

4 - Agree

3 – Neutral

2 - Disagree

1 – Strongly Disagree

5 4 3 2 1
Review Materials
SA A N DA SDA

1. The review materials are given in a

systematic, thorough, and easy-to-understand
manner to the reviewers.

2. Review materials are latest and updated,

formulated and validated by
those people who have expertise with the
subject.

3. Contents of review materials are sufficient

and based on standards set by Professional
Regulation Commission

4. Source or reference of review materials are

specified for further reading.

5. There are reading review materials given on

or before the start of the review session.

Professional Qualifications of Review 5 4 3 2 1

lecturers
SA A N DA SDA

1. Lecturers have a high educational attainment

to teach review program (Master’s Degree and
Doctorate Degree)
JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

2. Lecturers are licensed criminologists and

have mastery of the topics they are teaching.

3. Lecturers possessed necessary awards and

certificate connected to criminology program.

4. Lecturers relate their topics with actual and

personal experience.

5. Lecturers are season reviewers and have

extensive experience in handling
review lectures not only in Rank One review
center but likewise with other review centers.

5 4 3 2 1
Methodology of the Review Center
SA A N DA SDA

1. Various exams are given to students to

monitor their progress and to determine in
which major subject they are weak.

2. Students who failed the post-test and

diagnostic exams are given extra time to have
a recap with the subject.

3. The review center rationalizes each exam to

familiarize with the technique of successfully
answering numerous questions.

4. Final coaching is being given to students

aside from regular review class

5. There are personnel assigned to facilitate the

review program all the time

6. The review center offers an interactive

review that involves peer mentoring or peer
support

7. Review center offer a simulation approach to

cover all aspects of an entrance exam

5 4 3 2 1
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITY
SA A N DA SDA

1. Review rooms are fully air-conditioned and

JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

equipped with electric fans

2. Outside noise, for example, is not allowed in

the review room since it can easily distract from
students' focus and attention.

3. The lecturers have access to an audio

system and a projector, which they use to
deliver their lectures.

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JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION

Asuncion (2020). Hitches Encountered by Criminology Graduates of Isabela State

University in the Criminologists Licensure Examination: A basis for proposed
Program Enhancement. Retrieved April 8, 2021 from
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Baang (n.d). Investigating the Macro perspective affecting the Passing rate in Board
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Blomeke, Olsen & Suhl (2016). Relation of student achievement to the quality of
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JOSE RIZAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, CRIMINOLOGY & EDUCATION