EXP.

NO:1 Date: 30 September 2020

Analysis of DC Circuit using Mesh and Nodal Analysis

Aim:
To analyse a DC circuit using Nodal Analysis and Mesh Analysis.

Apparatus Required:
S.No Component Part in Value Path in the directory
. ORCAD
1. DC voltage source 100V PSPICE>SOURCE>VDC
2. 5 ohms
3. 10 ohms
4. Resistors 20 ohms PSPICE>ANALOG>R
5. 25 ohms
6. 50 ohms
7. Ground 0V Place > Ground

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Analysis Type: Bias point

Theory:
Kirchhoff’s Current Law – Nodal analysis
At any node (junction) in an electric circuit the total current flowing towards
that junction is equal to the total current flowing away from the junction

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law – Mesh analysis

In any closed loop in a network, the algebraic sum of the voltage drops (i.e.
products of current and resistance) taken around the loop is equal to the
resultant e.m.f. (voltage rise) acting in that loop.

Circuit analysis using Nodal analys is:

Node Voltages: VN1, VN2, VN3
Branch Voltages: V1, V2, V3, V4, V5

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Branch voltages in terms of node voltages:

V1 = VN1 - VN2
V2 = VN2 - VN3
V3 = VN2
V4 = VN3
V5 = VN1 - VN3

Branch currents:
IX = VX/RX
Where x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
At Node-1:
Since voltage at node-1 is known, the nodal equation at that node is not required.

At Node-2:
I1 = I2 + I3
(VN1 - VN2)/R1 = (VN2 - VN3)/R2 + VN2/R3
VN2[1/5 + 1/20 + 1/25] - VN3[1/20] = 20

At Node-3:
I4 = I2 + I5
VN3/R4 = (VN2 – VN3)/R2 + (VN1 – VN3)/R5
VN3 [1/50 + 1/20 + 1/10] – VN2[1/20] = 10

By solving two node equations we get:

Node Voltages:

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Branch Voltages:
V1 = VN1 – VN2 = 16.666 V
V2 = VN2 – VN3 = 0V
V3 = VN2 = 83.334 V
V4 = VN3 = 83.334 V
V5 = VN1 – VN3 = 16.666 V

Branch Currents:
I1 = V1/R1 = 3.333A
I2 = V2/R2 = 0A
I3 = V3/R3 = 3.333 A
I4 = V4/R4 = 1.667 A
I5 = V5/R5 = 1.667 A

Circuit analysis using Mesh analysis:

Loop currents: IL1, IL2, IL3

Branch currents: I, IR1, IR2, IR3, IR4, IR5

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We can write branch currents as:

IR1 = IL1 – IL3

IR2 = IL2 – IL3

IR3 = IL1 - IL2

IR4 = IL2

IR5 = IL3

Branch voltages can be written as:

Vx = IRXRX
Where X = 1,2,3,4,5

By using mesh analysis:

Loop-1: E = VR1 + VR3
Loop-2: VR3 = VR2 + VR4
Loop-3: VR1 + VR2 = VR5
From branch voltages we can write equations as:
E = R1IR1 + R3IR3
IR3R3 = IR2R2 + IR4R4
IR1R1 + IR2R2 = R5IR5
From above branch current we can write equations as:
E = R1(IL1-IL3) + R3(IL1-IL2)
R3(IL1-IL2) = R2(IL2-IL3) + R4IL2
R1(IL1-IL3) + R2(IL2-IL3) = R5IL3

From solving the above equations :

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Loop Currents:

Branch Currents:

IR1 = IL1 – IL3 = 3.333A

IR2 = IL2 – IL3 = 0A

IR3 = IL1 – IL2 = 3.333A

IR4 = IL2 = 1.667A

IR5 = IL3 = 1.667A

Branch voltages:

V1 = IR1R1 = 16.66V

V2 = IR2R2 = 0V

V3 = IR3R3 = 83.33V

V4 = IR4R4 = 83.33V

V5 = IR5R5 = 16.67V

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Experiment Procedure:
1. Create the given circuit diagram in new project file using the general
procedure.
2. Replace the default component value and source value as per given circuit
diagram.
3. Create the New simulation profile and set analysis type as Bias point
4. Run the simulation and note down the readings in tabulation.
5. Compare the simulated results with theoretically analysed values.

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Tabulation:
Nodal Analysis Mesh Analysis
S.No. Theoretical Experimental Theoretical Experimental
Parameters Notation analysis values analysis values
values values
1. V_N1 100 V 100 V
2. Node V_N2 83.334 V 83.334 V
Voltages
3. V_N3 83.334 V 83.334 V
4. V_R1 16.67 V 16.67 V 16.67 V 16.67 V
5. V_R2 0V 0V 0V 0V
6. Branch V_R3 83.33 V 83.33 V 83.33 V 83.33 V
Voltages
7. V_R4 83.33 V 83.33 V 83.33 V 83.33 V
8. V_R5 16.667 V 16.667 V 16.67 A 16.67 A
9. I_R1 3.333 A 3.333 A 3.333 A 3.333 A
10. I_R2 0A 0A 0A 0A
11. Branch I_R3 3.33 A 3.33 A 3.33 A 3.33 A
Currents
12. I_R4 1.667 A 1.667 A 1.667 A 1.667 A
13. I_R5 1.667 A 1.667 A 1.667 A 1.667 A
14. I_L1 5A 5A
15. Loop I_L2 1.667 A 1.667 A
Currents
16. I_L3 1.667 A 1.667 A

Conclusion:
The given DC circuit is analysed using nodal and mesh analysis
The analysed values of node voltages and loop currents are verified with
experimental values.

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