1.0 INTROD
INTRODUCT
UCTION
ION

 Nowadays, People had an experience with curfews. It is an order specifying a

time during which certain regulations apply. But in legal terms, curfews are more than
 just house rules that can result in a firm if violated. Cu
Curfews
rfews are also laws that effectively

 prohibit or limit the right to be out in public at certain times, or in some cases, reuire
 businesses to close their doors during certain hours.

!her
!heree are
are th
thre
reee ma
main
in types
types of curf
curfew
ew laws
laws"" namel
namely
y, juve
juveni
nile
le curf
curfew
ew laws
laws,,
emergency
emergency curfew laws, and business
business curfew laws. !hese are laws that commonly used
 by different country across the globe to protect their people
pe ople and have a safe community
on their respective places.
It is common among citi#ens to as$ on the services delivered by the government
and assess the effectiveness as well as the benefits of the programs, projects and even
 proposed bill that will directly affect
affect the community.
community.

!he country has the responsibility of preserving the welfare of its people. It is by
 practicing and performing what the law stated to protect the community and the country
for the common good of everyone. People should also understand that the government
has the right to impose what do they thin$ is good for many vice versa, the government
should hear his people of the effects of their actions toward the mainstream of their 
decisions.

%ccording to the study of &aslow's hierarchy of needs as cited by (illarica

)*+-, the most immediate concern of people is physical safety from violence. ven
after the bul$ of /ghting is over, physical insecurity is often pervasive throughout society
from politically motivated violence, rampant gun/re, and retaliation by former enemies,
gender
gender0bas
0based
ed violen
violence,
ce, landmi
landmines
nes,, and emerg
emerging
ing armed
armed cri
crimin
minal
al element
elements.
s. 1tate
1tate
authority and security institutions, meanwhile, are li$ely to be politici#ed, part of the
 problem, and severely impaired or nonexistent, creating a security vacuum that
insurgents, terrorists, extremists, or criminals will see$ to /ll. !he security threats in
transitional environments call for a dual capability to subdue large0scale threats to the
 peace process while also maintaining public order.
order.
 

!his concept provides the researcher

researcher to profoundly
profoundly study the relevance
relevance of safety
safety
among communities and the level of their understanding on the functions of National
security on their places. It is a common endeavor of every 2ilipinos to be a victim of 
crimes and disturbance or scandals which according to &aslow people needs a safe and
comfortable environment which free of ha#ards and
an d they can live freely according to their 
will. !his entails that

% country's recovery from violent con3ict depends /rst and foremost on the
establishment of security. 4ithout security, parties to the con3ict will not lay down their 
arms, and a country will never progress beyond a state of siege and will remain stagnant
in its economic, political, and social development. People will refrain from resuming
normal activities that are fundamental to a healthy and vibrant society, li$e sending their 
childr
children
en to school
school,, opening
opening shops
shops for busine
business,
ss, or tra
travel
veling
ing to the mar$et
mar$et.. Civili
Civilian
an
agencies will be unable to begin laying the critical foundation for promoting the rule of 
law,, good governance, economic growth, and healthy social development.
law

2or the past

past admini
administr
strati
ations
ons in the Philip
Philippin
pines,
es, there
there are differ
different
ent curfew
curfewss
imposed by the legislative and even local ordinance which promotes anti0ha#ards, anti0
crimes and anti0violence program. It is indeed an ideal proposition of providing a safe
and sound environment among 2ilipinos who are wea$ on the disadvantageous effects of 
changing generations from a more liberated one. In connection to crimes, adult are not
 just prone of it even children. !he manifestations of curfew in the country were based on
rampant news of $illings which involves minors. %nother indexes of it is the habitual
activities of 2ilipinos that causes disturbance in the community such as singing using
5arao$e until dawn, drin$ing or having party on the streets and gang0war participated by
different fraternities or street children.

In the advent of changing society,

society, people are vulnerable
vulnerable of adapting on changes.
changes.
6owever, in proper guidance of the state, it is possible that people acuire what is due to
surpass endeavors. It is the utmost purpose of the study to evaluate the deterrent effects of 
curfew
curfew among
among chosen
chosen commun
community
ity of (alen#u
alen#uela,
ela, City
City that
that imp
impose
osed
d variou
variouss local
local
ordinances for curfews on habitual activities, minor welfare, safety and security measures
to empower the law of the country. It is the role of the researchers to gather appropriate
 

data of responses from the respondents and deliver public information on the perceptions
of local government officials and concern citi#ens with regards to the effectiveness on the
imposed curfews in the community.
community.

2.0 REVIEW OF LITERA

LITERATURE
TURE

2.1 Theoretical Framework 

  !his study will use theories

theories to explicate
explicate the foundation
foundation of the research.
research. It will
serve as evidence of the deterrent effects of curfew in the community as major objective
of the research. !he following theory was anchored according to the major variables of 
the study.

 Maslow’ss Hierarchy of Needs – Safety need 

 Maslow’

In the study of &aslow's hierarchy of needs as cited in the study of psychological

science of 1challer )*++-, 1afety needs in &aslow7s hierarchy refer to the need for 
security and protection. 4hen people have their physiological needs for food and water 
met, their safety needs dominate their behavior. !hese needs have to do with their natural
desire for a predictable, orderly world that is somewhat within man's control. 1afety
needss in today7
need today7ss world
world can manife
manifest
st themse
themselve
lvess as job securi
security
ty,, sav
saving
ingss account
accounts,
s,
insurance policies, financial security, and health and well0being. !a$ing the account to
consider the satges of needs of human
h uman person safety is included.

The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes:

. Biological and Physiological needs 0 air, food, drin$, shelter

shelter,, warmth, sex, sleep.
 

*. 1afety needs 0 protection from elements, security,

security, order, law, stability,
stability, freedom
from fear.

8. 9ove and belongingness needs 0 friendship, intimacy,

intimacy, trust and acceptance,
receiving and giving affection and love. %ffiliati
%ffiliating,
ng, being part of a group )family,
)family,

friends, wor$-.

:. steem needs 0 achievement, mastery,

mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige,
self0respect, and respect from others.

;. 1elf0%ctuali#ation needs 0 reali#ing personal potential, self0fulfillment, see$ing

 personal growth and pea$ experiences

!his premise provides a certain ideas among researcher in understanding how

important safety among people and how they view the society's law implemented in the
community. !he proponents will evaluate how they perceive the level of safety that they
get from the government and how
h ow functional the ordinances or laws that the country has.

 Identity theory

In the study of mental science by 2eigl )*+*-, a number of objections to &ind0

Brain !ype Identity, some a great deal stronger than others, began circulating soon after 
th
thee publi
publicat
catio
ion
n of 1mar
1mart7
t7ss <;<
<;< arti
articl
cle.
e. Perha
Perhaps
ps the
the wea$e
wea$est
st were
were thos
thosee of the
the
epistemolo
epistemological
gical variety.
variety. It has been claimed, for example,
example, that because people have had
)and still do have- $nowledge of specific mental states while remaining ignorant as to the
 physical states with which they are correlated, the former could not possibly be identical
with the latter. !he obvious response to this type of objection is to call attention to the
contingent  nature
  nature of the proposed identities=of course we have different conceptions of 
mental states and their correlated brain states, or no conception of the latter at all, but that
is just because )as 2eigl made perfectly clear- the language we use to describe them have
differ
different
ent meanin
meanings.
gs. !he contin
contingenc
gency
y of mind0br
mind0brain
ain identi
identity
ty relati
relations
ons also
also serves
serves to
 

answer
answer the object
objection
ion that
that since
since pre
presen
sently
tly accept
accepted
ed correl
correlati
ations
ons may very
very well
well be
empirically invalidated in the future, mental states and brain states should not be viewed
as identical.

!his concept of 2eigl is about helping the proponents in understanding the reasons

 behind wea$er minds that do not intentionally violate the law but it only provide certain
idea that they have a vulnerable mental ability to stop from any habitual activities that
they went through. !he study will also see$ on logical reasoning on what specific
 problems does respondents encounter despite of running implementation of the law.
law.

 Deterrence theory

In connection to the theory on the study of street crimes by 9undman )*+*-,

>esearch on deterrence has shown a lot
lot of interest on sstreet
treet crimes. !here is a significant
significant
correlation between curfew laws and the reduction or deflection of deviant criminal
activities. In other words, ?strict curfew enforcement follows det
deterrence
errence theory, which
argues that certain, swift, and severe punishments will cause juveniles to rationally weigh
conseuences and commit fewer criminal acts@

In connection to the premise, the researcher correspond uestions to as$ among

respondents if the law has a direct impact in imposing safety environment which is free
from ha#ards and destructions. !he proponents will evaluate the effectiveness of certain
intervention provided by the government or law enforcers.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

 

!!" #$istence of curfew in %alen&uela

%alen&uela 'ity

In relations
relations to the city ordinance
ordinance of (alen#uela
alen#uela city mentioned
mentioned by Caina )*+-,
)*+-,
!he (alen#u
alen#uela
ela City
City Aovern
Aovernmen
mentt str
strict
ictly
ly imple
implemen
ments
ts the 1angguni
1angguniang
ang Panlun
Panlungso
gsod
d
rdinance No. 8, series of *, and otherwise $nown as, (The Internet )rdinance of 
%alen&uela 'ity*+ beginning with a massive poster and tarpaulin campaign around the
city.

!he campaign aims to inform the public that in (alen#uela City, minors, or any
 person below  years old, are allowed at internet cafDs, and computer rental and gaming
shops from :E++ p.m. to <E8+ p.m.
p .m. only.

!arpaulins were installed at conspicuous areas around the city and posters are
 being placed at internet cafDs, and computer rental and gaming shops, to spread
awareness among the owners and operators of such establishments that a new local law to
regulate their operation is in force.

!he simply designed poster, featuring clear0cut text and a s$etch of a school0age
girl in front of a personal computer stamped with a red caution symbol, is one of the
series of posters and tarpaulins released by the ffice of the City &ayor, through the
Publicc Informati
Publi Information
on ffice
ffice )PI-,
)PI-, along with the postersFt
postersFtarpaul
arpaulins
ins against
against selling
selling of 
liuor and tobacco products to minors, and postersFtarpaulins on the prohibited hours of 
selling liuor and alcoholic products in the city.
city.

!he concept of this literature provides empirical evidence among researchers that
there are existing ordinances or law in place of study. It is the utmost reason why the
 proponents pursue the study and to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of 
different curfews in the city. !he City of (alen#uela are rigidly employed the law and
they followed what is due for the community. !he study will
 

!"!
!"! 'urfe
'urfew
w and its
its cla
class
ssif
ific
icat
atio
ions
ns

%ccording to the community issues and social retribution by 5nowles )*+-, there
are certain types of curfews implemented by different places which apply according to
the demographic location as needed by the community. It is defined according to the

following classificationsE
!"e#ile C!r$ew% Law
It is set by state and local governments, juvenile curfew laws are intended to
re
rest
stri
rict
ct th
thee hours
hours durin
during
g which
which mi
minor
norss are
are allo
allowed
wed to be out
out in publ
public
ic.. %f
%fte
terr the
the
designated time, anyone under  years of age is prohibited from being on the streets or 
 patroni#ing a business. !he purpose of juvenile curfew laws is to prevent criminal
activity and protect the health and welfare of minors.
Emer&e#c' c!r$ew
Guring times of crisis, catastrophe, or natural disaster, the government may choose
to enact emergency curfews that set restrictions for all citi#ens. 1ome historical reasons for 
emerg
emergenc
ency
y curfew
curfewss have
have includ
included
ed hurric
hurricane
anes,
s, bli##a
bli##ards
rds,, wildfi
wildfires
res,, public
public riots
riots,, and
dangerous fugitives. 4hen an emergency curfew is put into place, the local government
typically specifies certain conditions. 2or instance, citi#ens may still be permitted to travel
to and from critical job duties or for emergency reasons.
(!%i#e%% c!r$ew
In some cities, business curfew laws restrict the operating hours of certain public
establ
establish
ishmen
ments,
ts, such
such as grocer
grocery
y stores
stores,, restau
restauran
rants,
ts, and liuor
liuor stores
stores.. !hese
!hese laws
laws are
typically enacted in areas with high levels of crime, loitering, and otherwise disorderly
conduct. 9ocal governments can choose to activate business curfews for selected time
 periods in response to criminal activity and large
large crowd si#e.
!he following classifications indicated by $nowles in his study will be the basis of 
the curfews that will be assess by the proponents. It is the utmost purpose of the study to
assess the following curfews that (alen#uela
(alen#uela city has.

!!, 'urfew as tools for eliminating crimes

%ccording to the study of crime prevention of %lon#o )*+-, Cities across the country
have used youth curfews to address growing public concern about juvenile crime and

violence.
violence. By reducing
reducing the number of youth on the street during certain
certain hours, curfews are
 

assumed to lower the ris$ factors associated with youth crime. In addition to preventing
crime, the curfews are also argued to protect youth from dangerous situations. Curfews
have been widely cited by policy ma$ers as an effective tool for reducing crime while
academic research shows mixed results. % multi0layered approach is suggested to reduce
 juvenile crime, including graffiti removal and prevention, after school and evening
 programs, employment programs, mentorship, and early childhood intervention. %lthough
these tools may not completely eradicate the issue, it may provide a starting point in crime
 prevention. !his also recommend that an evidence0based process carried out by a select
group of professionals, experts, and $ey sta$eholders be used to determine how and what
tools and strategies best will wor$ for Columbia
!he emerging impact of curfew in the Philippines defines how important to assess
th
thee evid
evident
ent resu
result
lt of the
the law
law im
impl
plem
emen
enta
tati
tion
on.. !his
!his prem
premis
isee wi
will
ll su
suppo
pport
rt ho
how
w the
the
respondents will deal to the evaluation that they will conduct in the city of (
(alen#uela.
alen#uela.

!! .raffiti offenders: /uvenile case issue

%ccording to gang war cases study by %llen )*++-, Cities have used a variety of 
approaches to counter the prevalence of graffiti, especially gang related graffiti. !here are
two overarching strategies that can be ta$en when dealing with graffitiE remove it and
 prevent it. &ost cities attac$ graffiti with both strategies. Araffiti reporting hotlines,
neighb
neighborh
orhood
ood volunt
volunteer
eer groups
groups,, and dedica
dedicated
ted graff
graffiti
iti removal
removal staff
staff are the most
most
common tools used for the removal graffiti. Araffiti abatement or prevention can be

approached by going after graffiti artist or taggers themselves or by creating physical

surfaces
surfaces that are difficul
difficultt or less desirable
desirable to defac
deface.
e. %rresting
%rresting graffiti
graffiti offende
offenders
rs can be
difficult as it is hard to lin$ one person to multiple incidences of graffiti in an area. % far 
more effective approach is to provide programs that $eep youth from ever becoming
involved in graffiti or gangs in the first place. 9andscaping, outdoor lighting, rough
surfaces, and public art are used to ma$e areas more difficult and less desirable to
vandali#e.
!his issue mentioned by %llen is an example of issues that the proponents would
li$e to $now if it was solve by the implementation of the law. Not only gan0war and but
 

habitual disturbances in community will be assess by the proponents utili#ing responses

according to the respondents' perception
perception

!!0 #nvironmental ha&ards: 'urfew as safety 1recautionary measures

%s cite
cited
d in %dvan
%dvanci
cing
ng so
soci
cial
al 1cien
1cience
ce Ho
Hour
urna
nall )*+;
)*+;-,
-, !h
!hee Ph
Phil
ilip
ippi
pine
ness is

 particularly vulnerable to typhoons, floods, earthua$es, landslides, tsunamis, and

volcanic eruptions. !hese disasters can easily set bac$ development and economic gains
and can cause disruptions in communication and transportation. 1ome ; typhoons
impacted the Philippines' area of responsibility in *+;. n November , *+8, !yphoon
!yphoon
6aiyan hit with record0brea$ing sustained winds of over <; miles per hour and sea
level storm surges of over 8 feet. ver  million people were affected by the storm,
including at least ,+++ deaths and over *J,+++ injuries. In *+8, K1%IG provided over 
K1L;+ million in disaster assistance for !yphoon 6aiyan. !hese issues were address by
the government on #ero0casualties by providing precautionary measure in all parts of the
country. !he local government will provide curfews during disaster li$e typhoons and
floods to ensure the safety of the locals.
!his article will support the ideas of the researchers to assess the precautionary
measures
measures efficienc
efficiency
y of the (alen#ue
(alen#uela
la city in connection
connection to envir
environment
onmental
al curfew
curfew that
they imposed specifically during typhoon or disaster.

!!2 House 3ill "4,0 – 5arao6e curfew

%s cited in Philippine 1tar )*+-, the anti0video$e bill has been filed by Mue#on

>epresentative %ngelina !an,

!an, the bill prohibits use of loud musical instruments, and other 
sound0amplifying euipment past + p.m. %nyone who violates the law will be punished
with a fine of one thousand pesos, or worse, may face imprisonment of not more than six
months. !he license of businesses that violate may also be revo$ed.

!his
!his law
law is one
one of the
the ex
exam
ampl
ples
es of bu
busi
sine
ness
ss cu
curf
rfew
ew that
that is na
nati
tion
onwi
wide
de
implemented in the country to avoid noise disturbance in the community. It is part of the
research to evaluate if this was currently followed by the community.
community.

!!7 Safe Neigh3orhood

 

%ccording to study of safe neighborhood by 1ampson )*++-, Neighborhoods

with
with high
high levels
levels of crime
crime are often
often dens
densely
ely popula
populated
ted,, mixed
mixed use )busin
)business
esses
es and
residences in the same area- areas, with concentrated poverty, a transient population, a
high proportion
proportion of singl
single0pare
e0parent
nt households,
households, and dilapidated
dilapidated buildings.
buildings. Children
Children and
adolescents
adolescents living in neighborhoods
neighborhoods characteri
characteri#ed
#ed by crime or disorgani#a
disorgani#ation
tion are more
li$ely to become victims of violent crime and to perpetrate acts of violence. Children who
witness crime and violence are more li$ely to experience social and emotional problems
such
such as aggres
aggressi
sion,
on, str
stress
ess,, and withdr
withdrawa
awal,
l, as well
well as delin
delinuenc
uency
y and low school
school
achievement.

!his concept entails of the importance of safe and sound environment for children
and members of the family. It is important that people should consider the progress of the
childr
children
en to ensure
ensure that
that they
they will
will develop
develop as better
better ind
indivi
ividua
duall by acuir
acuiring
ing positi
positive
ve
environment and ideal attitude. !he researcher will assess how ideal their community
with the help of curfew as an instrument to a safe environment.

2.) *RO(LE+ ,TATE+ENT

!he following are the main concerns of the respondents and will see$ appropriate

response on the given statement of the problemE

  . 4hat are the profile of the respondents as defined as followsE

  . age"

  .* gender"

  .8 civil status" and

 

  .: years of residency in the community

*. 6ow do the respondents define their level of awareness in terms of the

im
impl
plem
emen
enta
tati
tion
on on ju
juve
veni
nile
le curf
curfew
ew,, emer
emergen
gency
cy curf
curfew
ew and proh
prohib
ibit
itin
ing
g habi
habitu
tual
al

disturbance in the community

  8. 4hat are the perceptions

perceptions of the respondents
respondents in terms of the effective
effectiveness
ness on the

implementation on curfew, emergency curfew and prohibiting habitual disturbance in the

community

  8. 6ow do the respond

respondent
entss define
define their
their level
level of awaren
awareness
ess in terms
terms of the

im
impl
plem
emen
enta
tati
tion
on on ju
juve
veni
nile
le curf
curfew
ew,, emer
emergen
gency
cy curf
curfew
ew and proh
prohib
ibit
itin
ing
g habi
habitu
tual
al

disturbance in the community

  :. 6ow do the respond

respondent
entss percei
perceive
ve the deterr
deterrent
ent effec
effects
ts of cur
curfew
few in the

community

  ;. 4hat
4hat is the evalua
evaluatio
tion
n of the respond
respondent
entss on the law enforc
enforceme
ement
nt in the

community

  .Profile
4hat ofarethe
the recommendations Survey

of the researchers on the implementation
Enhanced of curfew
respondents Questionnaire awareness on
in the community
government
 Determine the Statistical services
2.- Re%earchdeterrent
,im!lacr!m Treatment specifically on
effects of types of
curfew Result of curfews
IN*UT *discussion
ROCE,, OUEnhanced
 T*UT
 Determine the awareness on
effectiveness Data Analysis the level of
of curfews effectiveness
of curfews as

Determine the set ordinance
benefits of of the
curfew community
 

Fi&!re 1 Re%earch ,im!lacr!m

!he independent variable showed the profile of the respondents, deterrent effects

of curfew and benefits of curfew which are manipulated problems of research. % direct

relationship is shown between independent variable and dependent variable, that the

latter
latter pertai
pertainin
ning
g to the respond
respondent
ent''s views
views on deterr
deterrent
ent effec
effects
ts of cur
curfew
fewss in their 
their 

community.

1.0 Re%earch
Re%earch +etho/%

!his research will be anchored to uantitative type of research views regarding

the role of measurement in uantitative research are somewhat divergent. &easurement is

often regarded as being only a means by which observations are expressed numerically in

order to investigate causal relations or associations. 6owever, it has been argued that

measurement often plays a more important role in uantitative research.   2or example,
 

 proponents argued that within uantitative research, the results that are shown can prove

to be strange. !his is because accepting a theory based on results of uantitative data

could prove to be a natural phenomenon.

1ince the study will analytically assess the responses of the respondents they will
use this method to logically present data using numerical information. !he results will

utili#ed survey instrument using li$ert scale to describe the level of perceptions of the

informants in connection to curfew implementation.

).1 Re%earch De%i&#

  !he study is essentiall

essentially
y Gescriptiv
Gescriptivee >esearch
>esearch where uantifiabl
uantifiablee

inform
informati
ation
on was used
used to statis
statistic
tical
al infere
inference
nce on the target
target audien
audience.
ce. % system
systemati
aticc

description of the particular situation or area of concern which aimed to assess the

deterrent effects of curfew in chosen community of (alen#uela,

(alen#uela, City

2urthermore, a survey using devised uestionnaire on the said issue with the

interaction of the government implementation, specially pertaining to the curfew and

 prohibiting habitual disturbances was li$ewise fully

fully utili#ed.

).2 Re%earch Locale

!he study will be conducted in Gistrict II, Barangay Parada, Paso de blas, >icong,

Kgong and &aysan of (alen#uela

alen#uela City.
City. !he said community
community imposed and observed
observed the

curfews which is an indicator of a possible target place of study in gathering the desired

outcome and objectives in assessing the deterrent

d eterrent effects of curfews.
 

).) *o!latio# a#/ ,amli#&

!he respondents involved in this study are residents of (alen#uela City of legal

age" personally interviewed and as$ed to fill0out the survey forms. !he profile of the

respondents such as age, gender, civil status and length of residency in the community" it

will also conducted on the chosen community in Gistrict II, (alen#uela

(alen#uela City who imposed

curfews

!he researcher used the purposive or subjective sampling procedure to

select
select the respond
respondent
entss of the study
study.. % total
total of ;+ respon
respondent
dentss from differ
different
ent loca
locall

commun
community
ity of Gistri
Gistrict
ct II , were
were select
selected
ed fr
from
om the variou
variouss baranga
barangay
y and person
personall
ally
y

interviewed.

!he main goal of purposive sampling was focus on particular characteristics of a

 population that were of interest, which enabled best to answer the research uestions.

).- Re%earch Ethic%

  !his research conducted after the approval of the administration of the college
of Criminal Hustice. !he participants informed about confidentiality. !he data was treated
trustworthy.

!he researchers have expressed no conflict of interest on this particular research

reuired by the College of Criminal Hustice of ur 9ady of 2atima Kniversity

 

Personal presence during the interview and filling up of uestionnaire were made
to explain every content of the instrument for clarity. Profound issues are not reuired to
 be answered but were thoroughly explained and to protect the privacy and confidentially,
confidentially,
the respondents %nonymity %ssurance was highly observed. Before the conduct of the
study, the researcher obtained official permission from the school administrators. 2rom a
technical from the administrators were pursued for or highly solicited.

). Re%earch I#%tr!me#t%

!he participants the demographic information and little personal information from

the respondents' survey uestionnaires were utili#ed. It also contained the criteria and

items that defined each criterion in terms of the effectiveness of curfews, deterrent effects

of curfews and level of awareness on the implementation of the law.

Interv
Interview
iewss were
were conduct
conducted
ed with
with the respond
respondent
entss that
that reuir
reuired
ed elabor
elaborati
ating
ng

descriptions which were beyond the space of the prepared survey forms.

). Data Collectio#

!he researcher first submits a letter to the Program 6ead of College of Criminal

Hustice for approval before proceeding to data gathering. %fter the approval is done, the
 

researchers secure a permit to conduct

condu ct survey to the participants. !his letter of permission

was given to the Barangay Captain for approval.

!he scope of the study was explained to the participants to provide information in

ta$ing the interview. In explaining the flow of this research, all ethical considerations
were observed. !he participants
participants were given the assurance
assurance that all their information
information was

treated accordingly and remain confidential. 4hen respondents are assured of the above

mentioned, the researcher will explain the process, the intention of the study and its

 purpose as well. !his research was made in order for the respondents to be given the

necessary information that they need.

If everything is settled, the researcher now starts their interview proper to the
 participants. !hese were used to gather data in order to answer the problems set in this

research. 4hen interview proper is being held, participants was given time to answer 

uestions being thrown to them. !he ending of the interview was based on the responses

of the participants.

).3 Data A#al'%i%

!he data gathered through the uestionnaires were analy#ed and interpreted using

the following statistical techniuesE

  #ta&e. !his was used as descriptive statistics for relationships of a part to

*erce#ta&e.
*erce

the whole.
 

Wei&
ei&hte/ mea#. !his was computed to determine the average response of a
hte/ mea#.

 population group for each item.

!he descriptive responses on the criteria used were uantified using the following

weights, limits and verbal interpretations asE

1cale Gescriptive >ating (erbal Interpretation

  ; 1trongly %gree

: %gree

  8 ither %gree or Gisagree

  * Gisagree

   1trongly disagree
 

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%dvancing
ng 1ocial
1ocial 1cience
1cience Hourna
Hournall )*+
)*+ 8* #nvironmental Ha&ards Issue no 8:* (ol *8:.
Pg :

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%llen,
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G)*+
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a$,, Hosep
Hoseph
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%., et al.)*
al.)*+
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al99 an
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al*9
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scri1t ,
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 Demogra1hy :8, no.  )*++-E ;80JJ.
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Philipp
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)*++-. ?Study on Safe Neigh3orhood @ p. cit.
. 1cha
1challller
er,, &. )*+
)*++-+-.. O ?enovating the 1yramid of needs: 'ontem1orary e$tensions 3uilt 
u1on ancient foundations9! Perspectives on Psychological 1cience.
<. (illari
illarica,
ca, 6.
6. )%ugus
)%ugustt J,
J, *+-.
*+-. 9Maslow !4: < new and im1roved reci1e for ha11iness9 !
Theatlantic
 

T4E DETERRENT EFFECT, OF CURFEW ENFORCE+ENT A, *ERCEIVED ( (5

5 T4E
RE,IDENT, OF CIT5 OF VALEN6UELA DI,TRICT II AN A,,E,,+ENT

A Re%earch

*re%e#te/ to

The Fac!lt' o$ the Crimi#al !%tice E/!catio#

O!r La/' o$ Fatima U#i"er%it'

Vale#7!ela Cit'

I# *artial F!l$ilme#t o$ the Re8!ireme#t $or the Co!r%e

Crimi#olo&ical Re%earch a#/ ,tati%tic

('

A#&elica (. Alo#7o

+ichaela (. (ata#&

+ario R. (e9o

ake D. Calo#&co#&

Laara: Chri%toher

oh# +arc *. Re'e%

!l' 2013