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Science 8: Quarter 3 - Module 2: ATOMS and Molecules
Science 8: Quarter 3 - Module 2: ATOMS and Molecules
SCIENCE 8
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
ATOMS and Molecules
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 — Module 2: Atoms and Molecules
First Edition, 2020
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Pablito B. Altubar,
CID Chief
Members: Nilda U. Villegas , EPS-Science
Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II
Summary .................................................................................................................. 9
Matter can exist in three phases: Solid, liquid and gas. There is a different
arrangement of atom in these phases which enable us distinguish a one kind from another.
In this module, you will learn about the physical change regarding arrangement
and motion of atoms and molecules.
ii
What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instructions: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your paper.
1. Which of the following does NOT prove that the molecules of a material are always
moving?
A. Aroma of boiling coffee B. Evaporation of water
C. Soil particles carried by the water D. Sweetness of sugar
2. Which of the following is a mixture?
A. Distilled water B. Fruit sugar C. Soy sauce D. Table salt
3. Why could you hardly break a stone even if much force is applied to it?
A. are negligible B. compactly arranged with one another
C. loosely bound together D. very far from one another
4. When a drop of ink was put into a glass of water, its tendency is to spread
out. This is because the atoms of ink __________________.
A. are not moving B. are compact and rigid
C. are in random motion D. have distinct characteristics
5. What is formed if you mix water and soy sauce?
A. a 1-phase system B. a 2-phase system
C. a heterogeneous system D. a compound
6. Which of the following is a substance?
A. Copper B. Padlock C. Pin D. Solder
7. How does a mixture different from a substance?
A. In mixture it keeps its characteristics B. Mixtures are found in nature
C. Mixtures have 2 or more components D. Solids, liquids and gases can form
mixture
8.The only mixture that looks like only one chemical composition in physical appearance.
A. Colloid B. Compound C. Solution D. Suspension
9. Which of the following has one kind of atom?
A. Carbon dioxide B. Gold C. Iron oxide D. Water
10. Which of the following is a substance?
A. Copper B. Key C. Padlock D. Solder
iii
nLesso
Lesson
n Physical Changes in Terms of the Arrangement and
1 Motion of Atoms
What’s New
1. Fill a glass with marbles or plastic beads until you cannot add more. Then
pour grains of sand into the same container.
2. Next, fill another glass with as much water as it can hold. Use a medicine
dropper to add the last few drops. Then gently drop few grains of sand into
the water.
Q1. Why can the glass container accommodate the sand when it cannot
accommodate more marbles?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
1
Q3. What happens when you pour slowly the sand into the glass of water?
Explain.
___________________________________________________________________
Objective:
Materials:
Procedure
Questions:
Q5. What property will explain based on what you have observed? ___________________
2
What Is It
Pure Substance
Matter are often classified into pure substance and mixtures. Substance are often a
component or compound. Matter endure either physical or chemical change. Physical
change occurs when a substance changes its appearance without changing its composition.
Phase change is the process of changing from one physical state to another. While chemical
change occurs when a substance is transformed into another substance.
Substance is a homogeneous material consisting one particular kind of matter.
Homogeneous mixture is a substance that exist in one phase of matter. Mixture is
composed of two or additional pure substance. It is a material consisting two or more kinds
of matter each of which retains its own characteristic. Mixture can be homogeneous mixture
having uniform in appearance or heterogeneous having non- uniform in appearance.
An atom is that the smallest particle of a component that has all the properties of
the element. Atom of the most elements have the ability to combine with other atoms.
Different elements have different properties because the combining atoms are different and
the way the atoms are joined together are different. Atom is made even smaller
particles.
Molecules of solids are compact. They have small spaces between them. This
prevents from moving freely. They vibrate in fixed position. Solids have definite shape and
volume because the particles are closely packed. They vibrate a little but in fixed positions.
The particles cannot move around. The particles of solid held together by strong force. The
volume of solid is definite
In liquids, molecules move slowly and are closer together. Liquids have an exact
volume and however assume the form of the container. Their molecules have farther
spaces. The attraction between particles is stronger than those of gases. The particles move
and change position.
Gas has no definite shape and volume. It spreads to fill up whatever space is
available. Gas particles move very fast and are very far from each other.
3
What I Have Learned
Q1. When can you say that a chemical system is a substance or a mixture?
What I Can do
lotions, beauty products from old magazines. Identify which are mixtures
4
Lesson
nLesso
n Physical Changes in Terms of the
Objectives:
What’s New
Objective:
After performing the activity, you should be able to:
1. explain how these observed situations or events give evidence that matter is
made up of tiny particles.
Materials:
clean tap water
Transparent glass
Spoon
10 ml alcohol / 10 tablespoons of alcohol
50 ml water / 1 cup of water
Procedure:
1.Use a clean transparent glass, pour alcohol up to 20 ml (10 table spoon).
2.Measure 50 ml of water.
3.Add the 50 ml water to the alcohol and mix through. Observe the resulting solution.
(Caution: Do not taste the solution)
5
Q1. What is the appearance of the resulting mixture?
Q2. Think about the alcohol and water as made of tiny particles. Give your reasons for the
observations you made in Q1.
Q4. Is there a change of volume after mixing these two liquids? _____________________
What Is It
The existence of matter in a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase enables us to infer the
structure of matter. Scientists theorized that molecules are further composed of particles,
even smaller called atoms. In 1805, John Dalton an English scientist, proposed the atomic
theory of matter. This theory states that all matter consists of very tiny particles, the atoms.
In some cases, a molecule is made up of only one atom. An example of this is a molecule of
water composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen (H 2O.)
The molecules are constantly moving. Molecules of liquids and gases spread from
where there are more molecules to places where there are few molecules. This process is
known as diffusion.
Matter can be classified as mixture, which can be broken down by physical means,
or a pure substance, which cannot be broken down physically into simpler substance. There
is some mixture specially solution which are substance-like because it appears to have one
chemical composition only like seawater and vinegar.
6
What I Have Learned
Activity 2: Answer Me
Objective:
To be able to identify substance and mixture.
Instructions: Identify the given chemical system as substance or mixture. Write
your answer on the space provided. Number one has been done for
you.
7
What I Can do
Instructions: Make an atom collage showing the arrangement of atoms and molecules.
You can use recycle materials available at home. (cardbooard, colored
paper, plastic wrappers), or any other materials.
8
Summary
9
Assessment (Post-Test)
Instructions: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your paper.
1. When you were able to observe the sweet smell of ripe fruit from the dining table, you
are aware that a process had occurred. What do you call this natural process?
2. Molecules constantly move from one place to place. In which of the following is the
movement of the molecules fastest? The molecules of_______________________.
8. In the three phases of matter, which has the strongest force of attraction?
10
9. When liquid turns into solid, which of the following physical change occurs?
11