Minale 2021

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY
BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULITY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT
HOSTING COMPANY: TOMASAKLILU BUILDING CONTRACTOR

ID NO.:BDU0903795UR
SECTION:2
ADVISSOR:ASSEMU B
DURATION OF INTERNSHIP: OCT 8/2019-JAN6/ 2020
REPORT BY: MINALE MELAK
INTERNSHIP REPORT MINALE MELAK
Acknowledgement
Idon’t have words to thanks‟ the almighty GOD, the very gracious and merciful lord, but I only
say “thanks to GOD” for all he has done to me beginning from my coming to bring- up to now.
Also,i would like to express my deepest gratitude to few people & organizations who worked so hard
for me to have such an amazing experience with this short time. Those are:
 My families for their unforgotten material and moral support not only on my internship
and educational careers but through my whole life.
 The BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY industry linkage office for providing us this
internship program and enabling us to conduct a four-month internship program at
various companies in our respective fields.
 Hosting company TOMAS AKLILU B.C especially the engineer TOMAS AKLILUand
site engineer MELAKU for believing in my potential so much & giving me a chance
to explore it.
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Executive Summary
During my stay in TOMAS AKLILU BUILDING CONSTRUCTION for four months I was able to
participate on Building construction. I was working both in site and a little bet office engineering
department in order to improve both my practical and theoretical knowledge and skills.
Initially I joined site engineering department for 3 months and 20 days. During this period of
time I obtained a great deal of knowledge regarding what is done in the site. Here I tried to grasp
knowledge regarding each and every step followed in the construction. For example construction
setting out, isolated footings, foundation column, grade beam, ground slab, elevation column,
suspended solid slab, formwork materials, formwork construction and etc. And also I was able to
learn the local languages that are widely used by the employees so that I can communicate with them
by the use of these terms.
After I finished my stay at the site I joined the office for the rest of theday of the internship
period. In the office I was able learn about preparation of takeoff for different work.
The internship program has helped me to improve my theoretical knowledge regarding the
construction of buildings by exposing me to the real and practical world. And also through this time
I have developed my communication skills. In general, this internship experience thought me a
valuable lesson regarding what is happening in the practical world. Mainly it makes me more
practical engineer through it gives me the real work of the theoretical knowledge.
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Declaration
I undersigned declare that this report paper is my original work and has not been
presented in this and any other persons. Thus, my supervisor and mentor, kindly certify
that they have satisfactorily accomplished the task that was given during those four
months.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Content Page
Acknowledgement................................................................................................................................................................... i
Executive Summary................................................................................................................................................................. ii
Declaration.............................................................................................................................................................................iii
List of Tables........................................................................................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER ONE.........................................................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 General overview of internship..........................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Objective of internship......................................................................................................................................1
1.1.3 Scope of work....................................................................................................................................................2
1.1.4 Expected outcome.............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................................2
1.2.1 Company brief history........................................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 Man power........................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.3 Main objectives of the company........................................................................................................................5
1.2.4 Vision of the company.......................................................................................................................................5
1.2.5 Mission of the company..................................................................................................................................6
1.2.6 Values of the company......................................................................................................................................6
1.2.7 Product/services of the organization.................................................................................................................6
1.2.8 Main customers or end users of its products.....................................................................................................7
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................................................8
2.OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPIREANCE........................................................................................................................................8
2.1 How I get in to the company......................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Section of the company I have been working in........................................................................................................9
2.3 The workflow in the section.......................................................................................................................................9
2.4 WORKS PERFORMED ON THE SITE...........................................................................................................................10
2.4.1 Column.............................................................................................................................................................10
2.4.1.2 Column reinforcement..................................................................................................................................10
2.4.2 Beam................................................................................................................................................................14
2.4.3 Slab.................................................................................................................................................................. 16
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2.4.4 Stirrups.............................................................................................................................................................19
2.4.5 Bar chair (Kebelito)..........................................................................................................................................20
2.4.6 Staircase...........................................................................................................................................................20
2.4.7 Shear wall........................................................................................................................................................23
2.4.8 Spacer..............................................................................................................................................................23
2.4.9 Concrete works................................................................................................................................................24
2.4.10 Compaction....................................................................................................................................................28
2.4.1.1 Quantity work...............................................................................................................................................29
2.5 WORK TASKS I HAVE BEEN EXECUTING...................................................................................................................31
2.5.1 Site works i have been involved in...................................................................................................................31
2.5.2 Office works i have been involved in................................................................................................................31
2.6 CHALLENGES I HAVE BEEN FACING.....................................................................................................................31
2.7 MEASURES TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER THREE..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
OVERALL BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP........................................................................................................................................33
3.1 BENEFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP............................................................................................................................33
3.1.1 Practical skills...................................................................................................................................................33
3.1.2 Theoretical knowledge.....................................................................................................................................34
3.1.3 Interpersonal communication skills.................................................................................................................34
3.1.4 Team playing skills...........................................................................................................................................34
3.1.5 Leadership skills...............................................................................................................................................35
3.1.6 Work ethics issues...........................................................................................................................................35
3.1.7 Entrepreneurship skills....................................................................................................................................35
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................................................................... 36
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................................36
4.1 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................... 36
4.2 Recommendation....................................................................................................................................................37
Reference...................................................................................................................................................................... 38
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List of Figure
Figure pag
Figure 1:Column reinforcement 11

Figure 2:form work of column 13
Figure 3:Beam formwork 14
Figure 4: Beam reinforcement 15
Figure 5: slab reinforcement 18
Figure 6:stirrups 19
Figure 7: Bar chair 20
Figure 9: Staircase formwork 22
Figure 10: Shear wall 23
Figure 11Spacer 23
Figure 12:Materials 24
Figure 13:Mixing of concrete 26
Figure 14: Curing 27
Figure 15: Transportation of concrete 28
Figure 16: Compaction 29
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List of Tables
Table Pag
Table 1:Machineries and equipment's................................................................................................................................3

Table 2: Man power work description and number of employers......................................................................................3
Page vi
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property and also it provides a
key element of the infrastructure whose function is to promote economic activity and improve
the standard of living of the population. Our world is also built in different types of modernized
building.
1.1.1 General overview of internship
The internship activity which it considers a part of its university - industry linkage activity to
enhance knowledge & technology to transfer between university & industry and also the student
should know the outside environment before he or she graduated and after graduation he or she
might have the chance to create ideas which is vital for the people around the country or develop his
and her theoretical skill with the practical skill.
1.1.2 Objective of internship
Some of the main objectives of internship are described below;

 To increase employability of future graduated engineering.
 To improve practical approach and experience in higher education of engineering
student.
 To strengthen the position of universities as cooperation partner of industry.
 To increase business development skill.
 To provide a space for research and development for students.
 To provide for every student one internship as a mandatory part of the revised
curriculum.
 To meet the need of the current and future labor market with practice oriented
work force for industries or organizations.
 Opportunity to improve social competencies.
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1.1.3 Scope of work
The work has a scope to see widely in doing good looking, economic and sustainable
constructions. Also it includes working constructions that can survive in harsh situations facing the
negative impacts working against them. For this reason it presents engineers that understand the
challenges and the problems facing the society including the solutions like building up on existing
resources.
1.1.4 Expected outcome
While implementing internship there are different outcomes expected. These are;
 Shortening the transition period from learning to work
 Increasing chances of successful application after first entry to company
 Decrease the shock of practice after learning
 Gained practical as well as organization working systems and process in the
industry
 Aware graduated about world of work
 Transferred theoretical knowledge to industry
1.2 BACKGROUND
1.2.1 Company brief history
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1.2.2 Man power

The Manpower of the construction can be ground in to two major areas differentiated astechnical
expert and support staffs. The technical experts have direct relation with the overallconstruction
and drilling activity of the construction. Therefore, the construction owned andhired qualified
expert of various disciplines including Civil Engineers, Sanitary Engineers, Water resources
Engineers, Geologist etc. who possess a different level of education ranging from Diploma to
second Degree. The following table shows lists of both technical and support staff of the
construction both in qualification and quantity.
Table 1:Man power work description and number of employers
N0. Work description No. of employers
1 Duty manager 1
2 Engineers 3
3 Forman 2
4 Ass. Forman 1
5 Store keeper As per No. of site
6 Skilled & unskilled Vary from day to day

laborers
7 Secretary 1
Duty manager: controlling the overall work progress, consulting the site engineer and office
engineer in difficult situation.
 Approves material request

 Analyses the work processes
 Managing the project risk
 Executes sub-contracting agreements
 Approving the project budget
Site Engineer: A person who controls the overall site work such as:
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 Guiding the sub-contractor in how to set up their works according

to specification and design
 Controlling the progress of the work according with the time schedule
and expected quality
 data collecting
 Interprets plan on the land
 Take remedial action
Office Engineer: A person who undertakes the office work such as:
 Preparing take off, payment certificates and letters for
differentsectors.
 checking the implementation of the drawing correctly
 Contacting with suppliers for the case of any shortage of material.
 Prepare daily activity schedule and
 Prepare work methodology
 Allocate resources to activities,
 Finance-care of daily takes or monthly fee of labors(employers)
 Keeping time of starting work and ending work daily
 Keeping attendances of labors .
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General Forman: are the following duties on the site
 Assigns and controls the gang leaders and others sub-contractor Forman’
 Check the whole work process
 Quantifies some materials and make request
 Reports any challenges of work procedures and their execution
 Execute construction works by employing different daily labors, mason,
carpenter, machine operators
 Control the number of laborers at work place
 Transfer labor from one activity to other activity where scarcity of labor is
there.
 Check whether laborers are performing their work property or not
Storekeeper: Controlling entrance and exit of materials from store, counting and recording
types of materials with their amount and giving information regarding about materials to the
office engineer.
1.2.3 Main objectives of the company
 To create an opportunity for the employee to be successfully doing their

work effectively.
 To play a major role in development of building construction.
 To transfer the knowledge and skill between the employee (workers).
 Keep providing high quality service to satisfy their business partner.
1.2.4 Vision of the company
 To become being an efficient general contractor in an ethical and

balanced manner to earn the privilege of being the general contractor of choice.
 To become an internally competent contractor and also active as well as
leading contractor in Ethiopia economic land scape.
 By providing and developing new technologies to make biggest
consulting sectors in Ethiopia.
 By constructing beautiful and high quality buildings to solve the problems
of middle and low income groups of society to live a better life
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 Understanding customers need and providing blend of exceptional

services and resources also the company want to play the leading role in
the local construction industry through proper to ensure their satisfaction.
1.2.5Mission of the company
TOMAS AKLILU construction PLC group mission is to:
 Play significant role in construction industry.
 Establish business from which are valuable to the socio economic condition of
domestic and industrial area.
 In addition to fulfilling customer construction needs doing construction works to
construct quality building and others with competence and current required standard
throughout the country.

1.2.6 Values of the company
 Economical
 Accountability
 Competent
 Transparency
 Quality
 Team work
 Honesty
 Fairness
 Reliability
1.2.7 Product/services of the organization
TOMAS AKLILU building construction PLC provides specialized in the area of construction, which
includes: Institutional building, Commercial building, and Residential building. In general TOMAS
AKLILU Construction Company was construct many project in different part of Ethiopia as site
engineer told us. From many project some are listed below:-
 Different office constructions at ADAMA

 Stores for different government sectors
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 G+10 building for Private owner at Bahir Dar

 G+12 building for privateers at Bahir Dar and
 Condominium projects etc.
Also In this company the following services were given:
 Detailed Engineering design

 Detailed report preparation
 Preparation of BOQ and construction supervision etc.
1.2.8 Main customers or end users of its products
 Governmental
 Non- governmental
 Public and private sectors
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CHAPTER TWO
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPIREANCE

2.1 HOW I GET IN TO THE COMPANY
I found companies by myself to host company as I had been informed to find the hosting companies
From my department. On the side of Bahir Dar University, University has given a great deal of attention
to this program in helping students. So the University has given for me a request letter before intern
for the searching the company, so that at the summer break time I try to find construction companies
that were suitable in terms of place work so I asked NORTH SHOA ZONE URBAN ANDHOUSING
DEVELOPMENT OFFICE and they answer positive answer for me. Then I submitted my application and
supportive letters written me from my University to that company. The place of work was north shoa
fiche Degum city Administrative building project. Therefore I stayed with them during the internship
programby working with them.
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.
2.2 SECTION OF THE COMPANY I HAVE BEEN WORKING IN
On the company there were two working sections, office and site. I was placed in the site as an
assistance site engineer. I choose to work more of on the site because it the only place where I can
develop and improve my practical skills.
2.3 THE WORKFLOW IN THE SECTION
In the project engineer work section there are three main working sectors and other assistance
working sectors that play a great role in the success of the project. This is because in any
construction project one section of work is highly dependent on another working section. To
have a good quality in any kinds of construction each member of the working section must
cooperate and work together as a team. My job as a team member was to assist the site engineer.
Main working sectors:
 client
 consultant
 contractor
Client Consultant Contractor
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2.4 WORKS PERFORMED ON THE SITE

2.4.1 Column
A column is a vertical structure member transmitting axial compression loads with or without
moments. Column support mainly vertical loads from the floors, beam and roof and transmit these
loads to the foundation. Columns are so long compared to the cross-sectional dimension that under
gradually increasing loads they fail by buckling at a load considerably less than required to cause
failure by crushing.
There are two type of column in our site:
 Rectangular column
 Circular
Circular columns are preferable to create beauty or good appearance of building, especially around
the corridor and entrance of the building and sometimes inside the building.
In other classification columns can be classified short and long columns. Long columns were
constructed for the purpose of beauty or appearance of building around the main entrance of the
building.
In our site there are different types cross sectional column those are:
 40x45
 40x40
 60d for circular
All dimensions are in cm and numbers of columns in our site are around 28.
2.4.1.2 Column reinforcement
Column reinforcement was standing on (erect) after three days of slab concrete casted. Before
stand on the reinforcement, it has been tied with the stirrups by using wire with a given spacing.
Stirrups were used to hold or to keep the position of the column reinforcement bar with a given
spacing and also to prevent structural failures.
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The stirrups have small spacing at the bottom of the column and at the top of the column because at
the bottom and top joints of the columns designed to resist heavy load.
2.4.1.3 Overlap length

The length of overlap is depending up on the diameter of bars. In my site they used 4D (4 times
diameter of bar in cm).
Figure 1:Column reinforcement
In our site we used different type diameter of bars those are:-
 For main bar we used 20Ø and 24Ø of bars

 For stirrup we used 8Ø, 10Ø and 12Ø of bars
2.4.1.4 Formwork preparation for columns
Formwork is a temporary structural element, designed and erected to safely support vertical
and lateral loads that might be applied until such load can be supported by the concrete structure
itself. This can be wooden or metallic but in our site we used wooden formwork for rectangular
columns and for circular column we used metallic formwork.
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To keep good quality of the purpose of formworks, they should be:
 If the materials are wooden, they should be seasoned properly

 The materials should be oiled properly to protect the damage of concrete during
removing the form work.
 The materials should not have broken parts.
 They should be fixed at appropriate places with a straight line alignment
 The joints should be tight against cement leakage.
 The materials should not warp or get distorted when exposed to sun or
concreting.
Different procedures are applied for different concrete structures first the required dimension of
timber should available to make the intended column. Then creatures were arranged and tied in two
parallel directions with nail to support the column. The timber board (formwork) was nailed with
required space for concrete cover to make the column erect straight.
After this different timber work was made like kerebat (was provided to hold or keep the
position of the form work), Gindila (timber nailed horizontal) and Stanga (timber nailed at 45inclined
to support column).
After have been finished the standing of formwork, the column was checked the horizontal
alignment by using rope and the verticality of the column was checked by using tumpy.
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Figure 2:form work of column
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2.4.2Beam
Beam is one of the most common structural elements subjected to load transverse to their
axis. It is free from axial force or the influence of axial force is negligible in comparison to
bending effects.
In our site there are different types cross sectional beam those are:-
 30x40
 25x40
All dimensions are in cm and the above expression written in width to depth ratio
2.4.2.1 Formwork preparation for beams
Formwork for beams is usually constructed monolithically with a slab especially when it is
solid slab. The box for beam consists of two sides and one bottom supported on vertical posts
locally known as “Christie”. And unlike for column boxes, formwork for beams should be
shaped to the exact dimensions of the beam.
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Figure 3:Beam formwork
2.4.2.2 Beam reinforcement
Beam reinforcement placement was started after the formwork of slab and beam were placed
and before slab reinforcement started. The reinforcement bar sizes that were used in any
site are depending on the design. During beam reinforcement placement the bottom bar was
overlap at the support and top bar overlap at the middle of the span, because at the bottom
tension force is high and to resist slippery of bar, the bottom bar should be smooth.
In the place where two different span length of beam cross each other, the top reinforcement of
the shorter beam was placed above the top reinforcement of the longer beam,
Because the shorter have high capacity to carry the acting load (the structural load) and
have the ability to resist structural failure. When two equal span length of beam cross each
other, the top one have high amount of negative reinforcement bar to increase the capacity
of the top beam.
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Beam reinforcement
Figure 4:Beam reinforcement
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In our site we used different type diameter of bars those are:
 For main bar we used 16Ø, 20Ø and 24Ø bars
 For stirrup we used 8Ø, 10Ø and 12Ø of bars
2.4.3 Slab
Slabs are structural part of a building having plate shape and used to firm floors and roofs of the
building. Their aim is to provide a level surface capable of supporting the occupants of a
building, equipment’s, furniture’s and sometimes internal partitions. Both beams and walls can
support slabs. There are two types of slabs. These are solid slab and ribbed slab.
In our site we used solid slab this type of slab is made up from concretes and steel bars. The
concrete used in the slab work used to resist compression loads while steel bars used to resist
tensile loads. Such slabs are not precast but it is a molding work.
A solid slab consumes more concrete than other type of the slabs. Most contractors in Ethiopia do
not use this type of slab for its uneconomical. However, in considering the strength, it is preferable
one.
2.4.3.1 Formwork preparation for slabs
As I said earlier the formwork for slab is constructed monolithically with beams. This has been
done after Christy erection was completed.
 Christy erection
Christy a wood which can be stand on after the column concrete filling was finished. The
fundamental purpose of Christy was to support or carry the slab formworks. It was dismantled after
21 days of concrete casting.
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2.4.3.2 Slab reinforcement placement
During slab reinforcement was placed, first the bottom (mesh) bar was placed in two (x and y)
direction with in the same spacing. Then the reinforcement bar has been tied by wire to keep the
position and the given spacing. The top (negative) reinforcement bar of slab has been
placed up to one-third of the span length from the beam. Because, around one-third of the span length
there is high interaction of load and the loads would be transferred to the column from different part
of the structure through this way.
kebeleto
Bottom reinforcement
Top reinforcement
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Figure 5.slab reinforcement
Figure 5:slab reinforcement
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At the middle of the span the top reinforcement was neglected. Because at the middle of the span tension
force happen at the bottom of the slab. Therefore, this tension force was resisted by
bottom reinforcement and the maximum compression force was resisted or carried by the
concrete capacity. Therefore, the middle reinforcement has been neglected due to economy,
because from design points of view the designer should be consider three things:
 Strength
 Safety and
 Economy
2.4.4 Stirrups
Stirrups are placed at regular intervals along a column or beam to secure the structural rebar and
prevent it from shifting out of position during concrete placement
The uses of stirrups

 To resist shear
 To restrict the growth of diagonal tension cracks
 To tie longitudinal bars
 To improve ductility
Stirrups
Figure 6:stirrups
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2.4.5 Bar chair (Kebelito)
Bar chair (kebelito) is used to support the top bar in the construction of solid slab and also maintain the
required space between the top and bottom bars. It is prepared on site by bar bender (ferayo) with
required dimension and its main function is to separate top and bottom reinforcement in solid slab.
Figure 7: Bar chair
2.4.6 Staircase
Staircases are name for a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into
smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairways may be straight, round, or spiral types. It‟s
constructed from reinforced concrete like other structural elements such as beam, column and slab.
Staircases have its own structural components like riser, tread and landing.
 Tread
The part of the stairway which is stepped on It is constructed to the same specification
(thickness) as any other flooring.
 Riser
 The vertical portion between each treads on
the stair Landing
A landing is the area of a floor near the top or bottom step of a stair.
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NB: - in our site tread width 30cm, riser height 15cm and thickness of soffit 16cm.
2.4.6.1 Staircase reinforcement placement
Staircase reinforcement was placed just like other structural elements, first the Christy was stand
on to hold the formwork. During reinforcement placement of the staircase, first the main and
distribution of bottom bar was placed and it were tied by wire with a given spacing. The top
reinforcement of the main and distribution bar was placed up to one-third of the flight length
from the landing. At the middle of the staircase the top reinforcement of main and distribution
bars were neglected. Because assumed that at the middle of the span tension force was happened
at the bottom of the span this tension force was resisted or carried only by bottom reinforcement
and the maximum compression force was resisted or carried by concrete capacity. Therefore,
from economical point of view the middle reinforcement should be neglected.
After the main and distribution bars were completely placed, the formwork of the tread was provided
and then the riser reinforcement was placed and also woods were provided on the tread formwork to
keep the position during concrete casting. After this spacer and kebelito were placed. Spacer is placed
between the formwork and the bottom reinforcement to keep the concrete clear cover. And also
kebelito is placed between the bottom and top reinforcement to prevent the overlap of the bar during
concrete casting.
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Figure 8:Staircase reinforcement
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2.4.6.2 Formwork preparation for staircase
When a staircase is to be constructed, the first procedure is arrangement of formwork for the
staircase. Formwork placement for staircase should be made with a great care and must fulfill the
following criteria:
1. Correct measurement according to the working drawing
2. Soffit leveling, in other words, it should be exactly horizontal. And this is maintained water
balance or bubble device which helps to confirm horizontality, verticality and diagonally by the
movement of the bubble in that confined tube.
3. Landing must be perpendicular to the ground. And this is usually checked by a device called
plumbing ball.
4. Make Suring the flight is diagonal and keep the required degree from the ground or landing.
5. Correct measurement for treads, raisers and landing.
Figure 9: Staircase formwork
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2.4.7 Shear wall
Shear wall is a structural wall which is used to resist loads mainly horizontal wind forces
and seismic force. For this purpose it will be reinforced with steel bars. In addition to load
resistance, it has another function. It is strong and provides security of the building also provides
enclosing stairways or elevator shafts.In our site for shear wall we used two type of bar diameter
those are 16Ø and 14Ø.
Figure 10: Shear wall
2.4.8 Spacer
 Spacer
Spacer is a construction material which usually applied between the formwork and
the reinforcement bar. It protects the reinforcement from corrosion.
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SPACER
Figure 11Spacer
2.4.9 Concrete works
Materials Before we start mixing the concrete we first check the following material
ingredients:
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Figure 12: Materials
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Cement Stored separately from other items. Should be free from dampness, due to whether or
ground conditions.
Fine aggregates (sand) Approved sand, as per previous test shall be used for the work.
Aggregates consist of naturally occurring sand, and basaltic stone gravel. The aggregate to be
used for concreting is chosen as per the requirement. This could be 01, 02, 03 or 04 aggregates.
Here for concreting purpose 02 aggregate is used. Each grade of aggregate is stored separately, in
well drained and in a place which prevent any possibility of intermixing. It should be clean, hard,
strong, sharp and durable. Have to be free from excessive dust and harmful materials like iron,
mica, shale and so on.
Watershould be clean and protected from contamination. Stored and distributed about the site in
containers, vessels and through pipe work which shall not contaminate it.
Mix proportionsit is essential to produce appropriate mix design using the proposed proportion or
trial mixes and tests to achieve the required strength. The concrete mix; is designed to have
minimum cement content. The grading of coarse and fine aggregate should be in such a way to
produce a workable and dense concrete. Appropriate water cement ratio.
In our site the mix is proportioned by using a gauge box, with dimensions 40 * 50cm, the depth
varies depending on the grade of concrete. For example, for C-25 the depth is 20cm and for C-30,
18cm. but the mix ratio remains the same 1:2:3 (cement: fine aggregate :coarse aggregate) The
quantity of cement is measured by weight (50kg bag) and each batch of concrete use one or more
whole bags and the quantity of aggregates measured by gauge box. Different grades of concrete
used in our site;
 C5 (lean concrete) - to protect the structural concrete from damage and to give level
surface.
 C15- for totally supported structural elements (we didn’t use this grade)
 C25- commonly used grade of structural concrete.
 C30- this grade of concrete is used when building the chemical store.
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Mixing of concrete;there are mainly two ways mixing. These are mixing by hand and mixing
by machine. Here a mixer does all mixing. Here the choice of the mix ratio comes from already
adopted ratio prescribed in codes like our EBCS. The choice of the ratio (concrete strength)
depends on the designer. Here two kinds of mixes have been adopted. These are C-25 and C-5.The
batching box size is the same for both type but the mix ratio is different. C-25 is totally
used for any of the structural member on the building. The mixing process is running with a
machine. While mixing what I observed is that the daily workers do not care much for whether the mix
box is half filled, full filled or over filled. They just pick and throw the sand and
aggregates into the mix machine, which this would affect the achievement of the required
concrete property.
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Figure 13: Mixing of concrete
Curing and protectionCuring is the supply of water to the casted concrete. After concrete
have been casting water was provided to attain the maximum strength. The curing system was
processed at the morning and night; because to keep the evaporation of water. Concrete does not
harden properly if it is left to dry out, especially places like here where the structures are exposed
totally to hot weather condition.
All concrete should be properly cured and protected until it has set and hardened and acquired the
required strength.
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Figure 14: Curing
Conveying and placement of concrete Transportation of concrete is done by different means in our
country starting from the least one barilla to the most effective and advanced ones pumps and cranes.
Here in this project the transportation of concrete is by using barilla, which is labor intensive and
slow. However, using this barilla for first floor and for the upcoming floors is difficult. And due to
this the contractor is forced to use another means which the least available
is winch or pulley. This is all the best done to achieve more workable environment. For
economical and rapid construction, it would be better to use advanced machineries like a forklift, a
crane or a pump as possible.
The other most important thing is that while transporting and placing it should be taken care for the
two most important things. Those are delay and segregation of concrete. Delay can cause the
concrete to dry-out and stiffen. Delay is more of a problem on a hot, and/or windy day when the
concrete will dry-out and stiffen more quickly just as the building is exposed to. Here to
overcome this, rather than using water to make it keep itself moist. In addition to the delay, care must
be taken that segregation shall not take place while pouring concrete for all structural
members. Segregation is when the coarse and fine aggregate, and cement paste, become
separated. Segregation may happen when the concrete is mixed, placed or compacted.
Segregation makes the concrete weaker and less durable.
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F
Figure 15: Transportation of concrete
2.4.10 Compaction
Formwork was completed reinforcement, sanitary pipes, electrical Condit installation block
outs add other embedded items were placed in position before concrete is cast.
Compaction was done in order to attain a dense homogeneous mass of concrete and to reach
the concrete in the whole reinforcement area. For the compaction we were using a vibrator.
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Figure 16: Compaction
2.4.1.1 Quantity work
My first real task was quantifying formwork area needed, reinforcement bars and the volume of
concrete needed in order to cast floor slabs in one of the building blocks. While quantifying these
items of work I was reading the dimensions from the structural drawings. Below are the
procedures I followed while doing those tasks.
1. To calculate formwork area needed for:
A. Beam
 summing up the length of each

beam
 reading its depth & width
 multiplying the length with the
width & twice the depth for the
sides
 adding the above products
B. Column
 reading the clear height

 multiplying the height with surface area of the column
C. Slab
 reading the length and width excluding the

beams
 multiplying the two dimensions for each panel
2. To calculate reinforcement bar amount
A. Beam & column
 read the center to center length/

height
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 read spacing of stirrups

 divide the length/height by the spacing & add one
 multiply the above no. with the length of the stirrup
 Count the longitudinal reinforcements
&sum up the length according to their
diameter.
The above summation is changed to the total weight of bars by multiplying it with the weight per
unit length for its respective diameter. The total length can be also divided by 12m to get the no. of
bars needed.
 PREPARATION OF BAR SCHEDULE: -Bar schedule is the detail description of

reinforcement bars of all diameters to be used during construction of the building. It
gives the total amount of reinforcement (in kg) for each constituent structural element, which
further simplifies our office task. I have done Bar schedule for beam and column by the following
procedure and format of the company.
In order to fill out the table below properly the following steps should be taken:
 Describe the type of bar, its location and draw its shape
 Fill the diameter of bar, length (look at the bar detail drawing)
 Fill the No of member from the plan drawing
 Calculate No of bars by dividing length on which the bar is placed to the center to center
spacing of it.
 Calculate length of bar require by multiplying total length of bar, No of bar and No of
member (fill on the diameter box of its own type of diameter).
 Calculate total length of bars by adding all values presented of the same
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2.5 WORK TASKS I HAVE BEEN EXECUTING
2.5.1 Site works i have been involved in
 Column, shear wall and lift shaft formworks verticality checking before
concrete casting has begun with the general Forman.
 Beam form work width and depth checking with the site engineer before
bar placement works has begun.
 Checking the size, lap length and number of bars against the design to
minimize wastage with the site engineer.
 Checking the correct place, number and spacing in between sanitary
and electrical installation works.
 Have a closer look at poor workmanship errors and the reasons behind
and suggesting solutions.
 Check the construction of structural and finishing works and point some
defects for correction to the general Forman and/or the site
engineer(when the formworks are dismantled some segregated surfaces must
be plastered).
2.5.2 Office works i have been involved in
 take of sheet and bar schedule for carpentry and bar bending works
which are undertaken by sub-contractors with the office engineer,
2.6CHALLENGES I HAVE BEEN FACING
 It was very tiresome to come back to home for lunch because of the
sunny weather condition,Sometimes the skilled men and
professionals underestimate us (the interns) and could not be as
transparent as we wish them be,
 Some dimensions was omitted so I face difficulties during collection of
work data,
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 Lack of facilities (a desktop and chairs) in the office prevented me from

long exposure to some software practices (CAD),
 Lack of transparency from some head office workers when I was
looking for the company organization charts and background, \
2.7 MEASURES TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES
 Wearing hats, eye glasses and developing adaptation I get myself along.
 Convincing them through hard work, lately they show willingness to make me part of a
solution to the problems on the site.
 By using soft copies the site engineer fed me the omitted dimensions.
 lack of willingness of worker to give me an appropriate information due to there filing boring
Page 37
CHAPTER THREE
OVERALL BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP

3.1BENEFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP
For something that takes inputs there is something in return, a benefit. In my internship too,
there were some benefits those are gained accordingly. The benefits are:
 Practical skills
 Theoretical knowledge
 Interpersonal communication skills
 Team playing skills
 Leadership skills
 Work ethics related issues
 Entrepreneurship skills.
3.1.1 Practical skills

When I first started on the company everything was new for me. I had only the theoretical Knowledge of
the works. It was really fascinating and inspiring to see and experience the lessons I have been learning for
the past there years. So I tried to experience and learn every work as much as I can. I tried to learn every
aspects of the work both technical and non-technical terms.
These are:
 Improved my ability of understanding and reading working

drawings
 Operating machineries like mixer, vibrator
 Construction of formworks
 Casting and curing of concrete
 Preparing takeoff sheet
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3.1.2 Theoretical knowledge
Since the practice depends first on theory, it was easy to correspond with each other. It is not very
challenging to change the theory into practice. Theoretical knowledge is dependable on principles, logic
and calculations. It is interesting when the theoretical knowledge & the practice meet exactly as you
wanted to. Sometimes this relationship fails to some degree. Theoretical knowledge doesn’t show you the
tasks, which are processed in the site. Generally speaking, my theoretical knowledge got strengthens more
by those practical techniques invested on site. This is because I had to refer every time when I came
across a problem.
3.1.3 Interpersonal communication skills
Interpersonal communication is a way of communication that a person have with other people who
might have contact with. Meeting with the staffs was a little tough. Then after time has passed I let myself to
them by reasonably talking on issues those are related to the site or not. Then step-by-step when I got into the
work, there comes the opportunity to communicate on work related talks.
Every day I was connecting with specific working class. This improves understanding the thinking
of the peoples around me. And finally I was the one who communicate with everyone in the site even
with the daily laborers. This was one of the main things that helped me to improve my practical skills.
3.1.4 Team playing skills
It is a skill of a person to work with other people co-operatively. This skill was developed easily and
rapidly. It begins when I was in campus. Some assignments given were done in groups. This helps me to handle
different characters of the persons I worked with.
The reason behind this is my work tasks did not allow communicating with colleagues only, but also co-
operated me with the persons I worked with. Even each work task was done and completed as a team. The
work that I have been engaged was more of as assistance Site Engineer, I have to communicate and work with
both the Site Eng. and sub-contractor
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3.1.5 Leadership skills

Leadership is a skill to guide, control and monitor peoples. In my case, the project is a little big so it will be
hard to manage the site by only one person. So this gives me a chance of managing and improving my
leadership skill. I have the experience of managing labors and distributing them to their specific jobs.
3.1.6 Work ethics issues
 Punctuality: -arriving on time at work was necessary since it was my job to manage,
control, monitor and supervise the portion of the site I have been given. And also some
works like casting of concrete requires starting early and leaving the work late.
3.1.7 Entrepreneurship skills
While participating in this internship I realize that creativity and problem solving is one of the starting points
of entrepreneurs. This internship motivates me not to be employee because it enables me to
know more about my career, the real challenges, and way of business establishment in this profession.
Page 40
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION
The internship semester makes the new curriculum so good to give real practical skills and
make the students familiar to the outside world. Even though there was a gap between the things
which we know in the class with the outside environment, I got practical work experiences and
benefits at TOMAS AKLILU Construction Company. Some of the benefits the internship
offered to me include;
 Allow me to both make and develop professional contacts, for my future job
search.
 Assist me in developing greater understanding of my own strength and
weakness,
 The Company’s Work flow
 Upgrade my theoretical knowledge at school
 Leadership skill
 knowing the local construction terms
 Knowing Working standards
 Work ethics
 Team playing skills
During the internship I also develop and enhance employability skills. Because this time, I feel
like I am part of the organization and feel more to increase our productivity hence, gain a greater
sense of responsibility and personal direction. It assists me in moving toward my career goals by
combining what I had learned from school, practical and supervised work experience; it thus
explained the necessity of every student to undergo this process.
Page 41
4.2 RECOMMENDATION
By studying the company organization structure and work flow I would like to recommend the
company the following terms:
 Hire highly professional skilled man powers, this enables the firm to attend projects with
a lot of speed and accuracy.

 Use modern machineries and equipment’s, this will enable the projects to be finished
with a lot of speed and will save a lot money that will be taken out for hiring labors. And
also has the advantage of using the machineries for a longer period of time.
 Use steel form works as much as possible, since steel form work has good strength and
quality of work it can be used for many projects without any problem. But when we
come to timber, it can only be used for one project.
 Arrange the necessary materials and office for interns, this will help the interns to
incited and work with responsibility.
 Provide the necessary row materials, these will the firm to avoid unnecessary
termination of projects due to shortage of raw materials.
 Avoid miss communication between the employees, this can be done by arranging
company meetings at least ones a month.
Page 42
REFERENCE
 Company documents containing organizational structure and brief

history
 Different format of internship report
 EBCS 2&3
 Lecture handouts on structural engineering
 Previous worked documents
 http://www.wikipedia.com
Page 43
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BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

HOSTING COMPANY: TOMASAKLILU BUILDING CONTRACTOR

Figure 1:Column reinforcement 11

Table 1:Machineries and equipment's................................................................................................................................3

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1.1 General overview of internship

1.1.2 Objective of internship

Some of the main objectives of internship are described below;

1.1.3 Scope of work

1.2.2 Man power

N0. Work description No. of employers

5 Store keeper As per No. of site

6 Skilled & unskilled Vary from day to day

 Approves material request

 Guiding the sub-contractor in how to set up their works according

General Forman: are the following duties on the site

 To create an opportunity for the employee to be successfully doing their

1.2.4 Vision of the company

 To become being an efficient general contractor in an ethical and

 Understanding customers need and providing blend of exceptional

1.2.5Mission of the company

TOMAS AKLILU construction PLC group mission is to:

 Play significant role in construction industry.

domestic and industrial area.

 In addition to fulfilling customer construction needs doing construction works to

throughout the country.

1.2.7 Product/services of the organization

 Different office constructions at ADAMA

 G+10 building for Private owner at Bahir Dar

Also In this company the following services were given:

 Detailed Engineering design

1.2.8 Main customers or end users of its products

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPIREANCE

2.3 THE WORKFLOW IN THE SECTION

Main working sectors:

Client Consultant Contractor

2.4 WORKS PERFORMED ON THE SITE

There are two type of column in our site:

2.4.1.2 Column reinforcement

2.4.1.3 Overlap length

Figure 1:Column reinforcement

In our site we used different type diameter of bars those are:-

 For main bar we used 20Ø and 24Ø of bars

2.4.1.4 Formwork preparation for columns

To keep good quality of the purpose of formworks, they should be:

 If the materials are wooden, they should be seasoned properly

Figure 2:form work of column

2.4.2.1 Formwork preparation for beams

Figure 3:Beam formwork

2.4.2.2 Beam reinforcement

Figure 4:Beam reinforcement

In our site we used different type diameter of bars those are:

 For main bar we used 16Ø, 20Ø and 24Ø bars

 For stirrup we used 8Ø, 10Ø and 12Ø of bars

2.4.3.1 Formwork preparation for slabs

2.4.3.2 Slab reinforcement placement

Figure 5.slab reinforcement

Figure 5:slab reinforcement

The uses of stirrups

2.4.5 Bar chair (Kebelito)

Figure 7: Bar chair