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No
Class 9 Science
P4: Work, Energy & Power

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 Work Power and
Eoinergy
"

What is
Waqf ( 91T art
Ef)
Work done is
on an
object defined as the
product of the magnitude
of the force acting on the body and the displacement in the direction
We F. s
of the force .

D
If a
force acting on a
body causes no
displacement ,
the work done
is O .

Example ,
pushing a wall .

B. The unit of Work is Newton metre ( Nm) or Joule ( J) .

→ 9 Joule is defined as the amount of work done by force of 9N

when displacement is am .

→
Sign Conventions for Work Done

when both the force and the displacement are in

the direction is
same
, positive work done .

W= F X s

Displacement
→
→

Force
W= + ve

→
when force acts in a direction opposite to the direction of
displacement ,
the work done Is
negative .

W= -

Fxs

Angle between force and displacement is 980 :

 Displacement
TH
(W - -
)
re
#
Force

→
If force and displacenet act at an
angle of 900 then work done
is O .

Displacement
^

> force

→
If force and displacement are inclined at an
angle less than
9800 ,
then work done is
given as :

W=Fs eosolthis is not

very important from your class

perspective ,
but
surely you should know this ! )

Necessary Conditions for Work to be done

* Two conditions need to be satisfied for work to be done :

Force act
q
should on the
object .

be
Object must
displaced
•
.

•
So now whether you work hard All the day go,
to school , go to
market do , everything that is required and come back home g.
to bhi

hai
mummy bot Sakti ki
aaj aapne Kuch Kaan nahi
Kiya kyukiaapka
,

displacement is O .

Aapki
That
initial our
final
Work
position
Done O
dono ghan hi hai .

means
-

your
- .

To aisa hone par Mummy to.÷s

↳
ergY
4 The capacity body to do work is called the of the
of a
energy
body .

)
TF PAT MIT

f-
MAT BIT THT 97 waist BIT AT It so we
easy meaning
,
:

Saf aging 'mwTorµen%9Ym.IT#s..mpEie.o.oEnyeo

Because his capacity
-

* Unit of energy
= Joules (same as work )
9147=90007

Forms of Energy
→ The various forms of energy are :

i) Potential
energy
it) kinetic energy
iii) Heat energy
iv) Electrical energy
v) Light energy
vi. Chemical energy etc .

How to remember ?

S -
Solar
C -

chemical

R -
Radioactive
E -

Electrical
A -

Atomic
ra -

Mechanical

→
In this chapter ,
we are mostly discussing about mechanical
energy .
 Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + Potential energy

KINETIC ENERGY
A
Energy possessed by a
body due to its motion .

increases
-
kinetic energy of an object with its speed .

kinetic of body with velocity done

energy moving a certain work on
-
=

it to make it acquire that velocity .

Derivation
:
o Work done → We f x s
-
⑨
due to force ,
the
velocity changes to v, and the acceleration
produced
is a

:O
relationship between v
,
u
,
a and s = v2 -
u
'
= 2 as

:
e
se VI -
④
2a
-

F- =
ma

Substitute Cii) Ciii) in Ci)

and we
get
W -
- Fxs

=
ma x VII
2. a

W ( v2 uz)
I m
-
-
-

if U=O ,
( object starts at rest)

•
°
. We 9- MVZ
2

Work done =

Change in kinetic
energy

Ey
'

g- Mv
: . =
 POTENTIAL ENERGY
B.
The possessed by body due to its
position
energy a or
shape
is called its
potential energy .

Shape
( Elastic
MN potential ppm
coiled
spring energy) uncoiled
Spring

Position BEEFIEST "

(Gravitational
potential energy
) B
n

at A at B
Less
'

→ Greater due to compression is →

due to less compression
energy energy
spring and due to greater height of in due to less height
.

spring and

the object .
of the
object .

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY (G- P)

When is through height work is to be done
an
object raised a ,
said
on it against gravity .

The is the
energy possessed by such an
object called gravitational
-

potential energy .

APE is done in body from the ground to point

work
raising a a
-
=

against gravity .
 Derivation
EGG

^
h

'
'm
Foggia Ground
111111111111111111/11111111111/1/1111111111111111111111 level

Consider a
body with mass m ,
raised
through a height h from ,
the

ground ,
Force required to raise the object =
weight of object mg .

to the it
The
object gains energy work done on .

Work done the W

÷
. on
object against gravity is .

W= force X
displacement
h
=
mg x

W =
Mgh
: .
Pe =
Mgh
"
FzBBE•kBM BBLBBEE.BE

toboask.masmaaa.ci
g ani g
AM

) Cii )
a

Path 2

→
work done in both the cases Ci) and Cii) is same as a body is
A- to B
raised
from position ,
even if the path taken is different but the

height attained is the same .

Work -

Energy Theorem
a.
The work -

energy theorem States that the net work done by the

forces on an object equals the

change in its kinetic energy .

Wnet =
KE
final
-

KE
initial
 Wnet mCvZuT
-

21
•
That means if I kick a
moving football in a direction of its motion .to

further increase its velocity ,

the amount of work I have done on the

football -
kinetic
energy transferred to that ball HIT the change
in kinetic energy ( both are one and the same thing)

Law of Conservation of Energy

D This law States that the Energy can neither be created nor be

destroyed .

→
It can only be converted from one
form to another .

→ Total Energy in the Universe remains constant .

This the total in the Universe before 9000 years is

→ means
energy
the same as today ,
and will always be the same .

Proof of Law of Consecration

in 5 marks
of Energy (very important
gets usually asked
directly
→
Let 's consider an
object falling from a
height
'
h
'
.

We need to that its at every instant is

prove energy same
-
.

we the
consider 3 points and calculate at those
→
will
energy
points .

It . When the object is at the top height .

B .
When object reaches the
ground .

C .

Any random
point at a distance '
x'
from the top .

• •
a- Object
T :
i Total mechanical
A •
•
.

C energy energy
. =

l potential energy + kinetic

'

i
x :
energy
h
!l
l
l
'
• '
•
B
latAJ
kinetic energy =

Im "
O A,
°

: ve at

HE .
= O

RE .
=

mgh
TE to
mgh
=
. .

Total
energy at A -
mgh -
①

latest
-

HE ②
21mV
.
= -

from equation of motion ,

v1 us = 2 as
there ,
u= 0
a =
g
S = h

v1 0=2
gh
'
v
-_2gh

Putting in ② ,

HE .

=9zmC8gh)
KE
. . =
mgh

P.E. =

Mgh
at B ,
h O -

RE . = O

TE .
= K.E.tl?E .

TE . =
night 0

Total at B mgh ③
energy
- -
 \A
kinetic Energy mid ④
f-
-
=

according to equation of motion -

✓ 2- uh 2. as

Here u -
- O

a-
g
S =
se

v2 -_2gn

Putting in ④
KE
# mfdgu)
- =

KE
mga
-
.
=

PE
mgh
=
.

Here at C ,

height from ground = Ch -

)
n

P.E.
mg ( h n)
= -

=
Mgh -

Mgm
T.ec . = K.E.tl?E .

TE
mage t
mgh MGM
-
= -
.

→ Total energy at C -
mgh
-
⑤

From ⑨ ,
③ and 5

Total energy at A , B and C =

mgh
Power feign)
E'
( aight Pant moratorium )
.at got

→ Power is the rate of doing work .

→
More the time required to do work , less is the
power .

→
Less the time required to do work ,
more is the
power .

In Jab Koi insaan Kisi Kaan Kar leta hai,

words ko
jald :
→
easy
-

so he is
we say more
powerful as compared to Wo

Kaan dheere dheere Karta hai

jo .

( Verry important from Numerical Point of View )

Power = Works :. P=W_

Time t

Watt =
joules
Second
9 kilowatt = 9000 Watts
9 kilowatt =
90008/5

Commercial Unit of Energy

Commercial unit of energy

= 9 kilowatt hour ( kwh)

: . 9kWh = 9 kilowatt x 9 hour

= 9000 watt x 3600 Seconds

= 3600000 Joule ( Watt x second )

'
9kWh = 3.6 x 90 J .

9kWh =
9 unit

* The
energy used in 9 hour at rate of 9kW is called 9kWh .