$$$$Fatma______Abdallah$$$  
  Part ONE    
    Answer Must add reference(s)
used
Q Part 1:    
1 When is Applied Applied research is useful when it's needed to "solve a Sekaran & Roger
research, as current problem faced by the manager in the work setting (2010).Research Methods
distinct from Basic , demanding a timely solution" (Sekaran & Roger , For Business : A Skill-
research, useful? 2010,P.25) , while the basic research is done to make a Building Approach (5th ed.
(about 4 lines) contribution to existing knowledge and understanding a ),Ch.1 , P. 25
phenomena accure in various organizations ; So the
applied research is useful when a timely solution is
needed , as the time-fram of an applied research is
shorter than taken by a basic reseacrh , also as it is
applying the results of findings of previous research .
       
2 Critique the    
following research
done in a service
industry as to the
extent to which it
meets “the
hallmarks of
scientific
investigation”.
(About 4
paragraphs)
  The Friendly .As the Frindly Telephone company was facing problems __Elsafty,A.
Telephone of its customer's complaints , which made the company
Company: wanted to pinpoint the problems and take a corrective (2016 ).Lecture 3: The
Customer action.So that Researchers were called . Hallmarks of Sceintific
complaints were Researchers began in their research investigation by
Research [Lecture
mounting, and collecting data by speaking to a number of customers ,
letters of complaint and to note down the nature of the specific problem they notes] : ESLSCA
regarding the faced . In this step , researchers needed to define the business school
problems they purpose of their research . Thus they had Purposive focus .
experienced with Since the problem faced by The Freindly company had to
the residential be attended to very quickly, The researchers developed a
telephone lines theoretical base , collected relevant detailed information
were constantly from a sample of 100 customers, and analyzed the data.
pouring in at the As the researchers had developed a theoritical base , that
Friendly Telephone added Rigor to the purposive research .
Company. The The collected data might help the researchers to identify
company wanted to the important relevant varaibles ONLY and the relations
pinpoint the between these variables ; So Parsimony may be
specific problems introduced to this research ; while researchers did not
and take corrective take in their considerations the background information
action. Researchers of the company.
were called in, and As The results are expected to be fairly accurate with at
they spoke to a least an 85% chance of success in problem solving ; that
number of introduces the Confidence level of research ; as the result
customers, noting will be accepted with chance of at least 85% of success.
down the nature of After the researchers gathered the information , analysed
the specific them and tested their models , they put their
problems they recomendations ; so there was a connected link between
faced. Since the the investigation research steps ; here their research was
problem had to be Objective .
attended to very
quickly, they
developed a
theoretical base,
collected relevant
 detailed
information from a
sample of 100
customers, and
analyzed the data.
The results are
expected to be fairly
accurate with at
least an 85%
chance of success in
problem solving.
The researchers
will make
recommendations
to the company
based on the results
of data analysis.
       
3 Explain the Deductive Process is " Application of a general theory to a _Elsafty,A. (2014 ) Ch.2
processes of specific case" . So testing a hypothesis is a deductive in : Scientific
deduction and nature ; where this theory is applied in the organization
Investigation ,
induction, giving setting , and tried to solve the existing problem of this
an example of organization . it's an applied research in nature . The Thinking like a
each. (about 2-3 deductive process is important element/step in Researcher[Powerpoin
paragraphs). Hypothetic-deductive method of sceintific research. For t slides] : ESLSCA
Example , If a Factory manager discovers that the business school
productivity is lower than average of each month . So , _Ch.2 - P.48
this manager may apply the theory of increasing over-
time working hours to increase productivity . In this case
a Hypothetic-deductive research will be done in its seven
steps , including applying this theory , to find a solution of
this problem .
On other hand , Inductive process is " a process where we
 observe specific phenomena and on this basis arrive at
general conclusion."(Sekaran & Roger , 2010,P.48 ).It's a
basic research in nature . As it doesn't apply any theories ,
but it generate and contribute more knowledge .
Example : Observing the first action of new-born babies
after delivery; the first , second and third is crying . So
that if the observation is repeated with more than 10,000
baby , a hypotheis may be driven that all new-born babies
are crying after delivery. this hypothesis is a falsifaible ,
which may be applied and proved it's false in other
observation later .
       
4 How would you The research is basically the process of finding a solution __Elsafty,A.
describe the to a certain problem in the organization after studying (2016 ).Lecture 3: The
research process? and analysis the organitaional setting . Always managers
Hallmarks of Sceintific
(about 4 are in counter to take the decision in solving the problems
paragraph) of organization. Though Managers need to be Research [Lecture
knowlegeable about the research and research methods , notes] : ESLSCA
as that will help the profetions in organizational business school
situations to:discriminate bewteen good and bad research _Sekaran & Roger
, prevent the vested interest to be prevailed ,and identify (2010).Research
and effectively solve minor problems.
Methods For Business :
In some cases , managers may need to deal with
consultant to solve and study more complex A Skill-Building
problems.this consultant may be from either inside or Approach (5th
outside the organization . ed. ),Ch.1 , P. 25
So the business research can be described as " an __Elsafty,A.
organized , systematic , logical , data-based , critical , (2016 ).Lecture 1:
objective inquiry or investigation into specific problem ,
Introduction to
undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or
solution to it."(Sekaran & Roger , 2010,P.22) .It includes Research [Lecture
Six distinct steps : Problem definition (PD) , Literature notes] : ESLSCA
review ( LR) , Research design ( RD) , Data collection business school
 ( DC) , Data analysis (DA) and Conclusion (C).
Business research can be Applied or basic research; Basic
research generates a body of knowledge by
comprehendeing how certain problems be solved in
organizations. In contrast the Applied research solves a
problem that faces the manager in work setting ,requiring
a timely solution. But both are sceintific research in
nature.
Scientific research can be mainly distinguished by the
following charactristics : Purposiveness , Rigor , Objective
and Testablility ; and these are the Hallmarks of it :
Generalizability and Replicability ; while Parsimony and
Precision & confidence can be either Hallmark or
charactristic according to how critical is the situation
being analyses.
       
5 Why is it Gathering information of the background of the _Sekaran & Roger
important to organization is important for the researcher or consultant (2010).Research
gather , especially for those who are from outside the
Methods For Business :
information on organization .It provides the information nedded for the
the background of problem definition .These information can include 9 A Skill-Building
the organization? elements of organizational business including : Approach (5th
(about 2 Origin and history of org. , organizational structure/ ed. ),Ch.3 , P. 58
paragraph) levels ,Management functions , business funcions , __Elsafty,A.
organizational internal environment , External (2016 ).Lecture 1:
environment ,Geographical , Industry ,and time .
Introduction to
As these information make the researchers more
knowledgeable about the organization , so could Research [Lecture
communicate with manager and the respondents , who notes] : ESLSCA
provide information , more accurately . And so the business school
researcher could define the problem more accurately .
       
6 How would you go The literature review introduce the subject of study " _Sekaran & Roger
about doing a Human rights " (2010).Research
literature survey 1- Idetification of published and unpublished work : by
Methods For Business :
in the area of Searching for literature ,many sources will be available
human rights? for data , so we could begin with Goole Scholar which A Skill-Building
(about 4-6 lines) could support with professional papers , reports and Approach (5th
thesis in the area of human rights, or through the digital ed. ),Ch.3 , P. 58-63
liberary of ESLSCA . Both could narrow the area of search
to the point of interest.
2-Evaluating the literature: titles, abstract , introduction
chapter or summary could provide indication about the
content of literature , to enable us to select either it will
be relevant to our scop or out .
3- Documentaion : there are different standards styles in
referencing the literature review , Like : APA that we
apply.
       
7 What is the 1- helps the researcher to define and idetify the improtant Sekaran & Roger
purpose of the variable relevant to the problem , and ensures that no (2010).Research
literature survey? important variable is left out the study; Also elaborates
Methods For Business :
(4-6 statements) the relations between variables .
2- helps in development of the theoretical framework and A Skill-Building
hypothesis for testing Approach (5th
3- ensures the prblem statement is precise and accurate ed. ),Ch.3 , P.59
4- enhaces testability and replicability of research
findings
5- prevent wasting of resources by reinventing the
wheel ; by providing the information from findings of
previous researches done.
6- ensures that the problem is preceived as relevant and
significant
       
8 Why is APA "offers detailed information regarding citation , Sekaran & Roger
appropriate APA quotation , references and so on , and is one of the (2010).Research
important? What accepted styles of referencing in the management area."
Methods For Business :
are the ( Sekaran & Roger , 2010,P.64) .its gudelines "ensure that
consequences of the organizational research is concucted in an ethical A Skill-Building
not giving credit mannar." ( Sekaran & Roger , 2010,P.35) Approach (5th
to the source from Not giving credit to the source from which materials are ed. ),Ch.3 , P.63
which materials extracted , may lead to : the reader of research will be not Sekaran & Roger
are extracted? convinced and losing the trust in research , cause : (2010).Research
(about 4-6 - the reader may think that the researcher is Not
Methods For Business :
statements) knowledgeable enough about the problem area, and did
not do the required effort in research A Skill-Building
- Also , the reader may think that the theoretical frame of Approach (5th
research is not well-defined , and it's not built on strong ed. ),Ch.1 , P. 35
prvious findings.
       
9 “The problem As the research is an organized and systematic process to My insights &
definition stage is investigate in a specific problem to find a solution . So the understanding
perhaps more first step in this process is defining the problem , by know
critical in the where the problem exist and analyzing all data relevant to
research process the problem to accurately and precisely define it. So , if
than the problem the definition is not accurate , it will mislead the research
solution stage”. process and therefore the results will be frustrated .Also
Discuss this ,that will waste time , effort and resources . thus defining
statement. (about the problem is more critical than finding the solution
4-6 lines) stage .
       
10 Offer a clearly To what extent does the conrporate internal environment My insights &
focused problem be affected by corporate ethics and how that affects the understanding
statement in the organizational behavior ?
broad area of
corporate ethics.
 (1 statement)
       
11 Why should one The broad problem area is where a manager feel or My insights &
get hung up on observe a problem exists in his organization , and that understanding
problem may catalyze the research process . In the broad problem
definition if one area , a wide view of the problem is presented , which
already knows the makes the researcher or manager unable to investigate
broad problem the problem accurately . In this stage , the organizational
area to be 9 business elements are described generally . So if it's
studied? (about 2 assumed that the manager will build his research on the
paragraphs). broad PD , that will mislead this manger to untrusted
solution , or it may weave the symptoms of problems with
problem itself and thus the right problem has not been
addressed.
So , the broad problem area has to be narrowed to define
a specific problem statement . the problem statement will
be specific and will guide the reseacher to the right
problem . As after the reseacher did his stakeholders
analysis and the literrature review , researcher will be
able to state the problem statement . So the research
process will be built on a strong base , and so the right
solution may be addressed .
       
12 After studying and Researcher could know which references , articles and __Elsafty,A.
extracting informantion give prominence in the literature survey (2016 ).Lecture 3: The
information from through :
Hallmarks of Sceintific
all the relevant if this source meet the four qualities of resources ,
work done including : Applied & basic , Reviewd , Blind , and Research [Lecture
previously, how Published . Applied and/or basic research both are a notes] : ESLSCA
does the sceintific research , while the former ia aiming to solve a business school
researcher know current problem while the later aims to add more __Sekaran & Roger
which references, knowledge about a certain phenomena . Reviewed ( Peer- (2010).Research
 articles, and peer) means that someone had reviewed it , though a step Methods For Business :
information by step review had been applied to the resource . Blind A Skill-Building
should be given means that both author and researcher of this resource
Approach (5th
prominence in the will be blind or not known for this resource . Published ,
literature survey? means this resource has taken the permission to be ed. ),Ch.3 , P.62
(about 2-3 published .
paragraphs). On the other hand resource has to be up-to-date , other
resources that are cited in this reference must be
included , even if these resources are from thirty or even
forty years ago.
       
13 Below is the gist of    
an article from
Business Week.
After reading it,
(a) identify the
broad problem
area, (b) define
the problem, and
(c) explain how
you would
proceed further.
(about a; 2 lines,
b; 1 statement, c; 3
statements)
  While Chrysler’s a. The broad problem : The big share of Chrysler in the My insights &
minivans, pickups, truck market could not secure its share in care market , understanding
and sports utilities compared to GM , Ford and Toyota .
take a big share of
the truck market, its
cars trail behind
those of GM, Ford,
Honda, and Toyota.
 Quality problems
include, among
other things, water
leaks and defective
parts.
    b. Problem statement: What could Chrysler do to increase  
its share in car market ?
    c. 1- interviews will be conducted with a sample group of  
Chrysler's cars clients , to take their feedbacks and what
is their compalints ?
2- Take a sample of each competitor's clients and
interview them to learn from others .
3 - Reference to literature data sources to build networks
between all factors/ or variables of problem .
       
14 What is the    
problem
statement in the
following
situation? (1
statement)
  Employee Loyalty: Problem statement. How could companies try to not lost My insights &
Companies benefit benefit of their employee's loyalty while downsizing ? understanding
through employee
loyalty. Crude
downsizing in
organizations
during the
recession crushed
the loyalty of
millions. The
economic benefits
 of loyalty embrace
lower recruitment
and training costs,
higher productivity
of workers,
customer
satisfaction, and
boost the morale of
fresh recruits. In
order that these
benefits may not be
lost, some
companies, while
downsizing, try
various gimmicks.
Flex leave, for
instance, is one.
This helps
employees receive
20% of their salary,
plus employer-
provided benefits
while they take a 6-
12 month
sabbatical, with a
call option on their
services. Others try
alternatives like
more
communication,
hand-holding, and
the like.
       
15 How would you    
define the
problem in the
following case? (3
lines)
  Accounting Gets Problem Definition: As the GAAP is doing an unacceptable  
Radical: The GAAP job of accounting for the principle activities of the
(Generally Accepted information Age conmapies . So investors face the
Accounting problem of missing the principles that cover most
Principles) do an important assets and activities . So that the accounting
unacceptable job of system needs to be reformed.
accounting for the
principal activities
of the Information
Age companies.
Today, investors
are in the dark
because the
accounting is
irrelevant. The
basic purpose of
accounting is to
provide useful
information to help
investors make
rational investment,
credit, and similar
decisions, but
today’s most
important assets
and activities –
intellectual capital
and knowledge
 work – are totally
ignored. Professor
Robert A. Howell
wants to reform the
accounting system
with the goal of
making clear the
measurement of
how companies
produce cash and
create value.
       
16 Because literature " Literature review is a step-by-step process that involves _Sekaran & Roger
survey is a time- the identification of published and unpublished work (2010).Research
consuming from secondary data sources on the topic of interest , the
Methods For Business :
exercise, a good, evaluation of this work and the documentaion of this
in-depth interview work" (Sekaran & Roger , 2010,P.58) . So it first step is to A Skill-Building
should suffice to review the published and unpublished data sources ,like : Approach (5th
develop a text book , journals , theses ,and the like . Now searching ed. ),Ch.4 , P.100-101
theoretical for literature can be done online , which make it _Sekaran & Roger
framework. easier.Comprehensive research result will be got , so (2010).Research
Discuss this evaluating this literature has to be done . Then
Methods For Business :
statement. (about documenting the literature is important to be done ; as it
4 paragraphs). will convince the reader that the researcher is A Skill-Building
knowledgeable and that the theoretical framework is Approach (5th
constructed on a solid base . So this Literature Review ed. ),Ch.3, P.58 - 63
(LR) process may consume time.
Also LR would prevent wasting the resources by
reinventing the wheel in searching for something that has
already been searched . So , a researcher needs to spend
some time in Literature survey to discover such research
that had already been searched . Thus a good literature
review provides a solid base for a good theoretical
 framework .
In addition unstructured interviews and the LR will
support the researcher to narrow the broad problem area
, reaching the PD .
Theoretical framework elaborates and defines all existing
relationships and interconnections bewteen the available
variables relevant to the problem under study . This
theoretical framework can be developed after conducting
the interviews , doing LR and setting PD . So definition of
variables have to be well chosen and agreed , as it will
provide the explainations of relations between variables
and the concepts that will be followed in data collection
satage. Sekaran & Roger ( 2010) pointed out " You will
have to choose a useful definition from the literature"
(P.101).
So a good ,in-depth interview may provide a good
understanding of variables and their relations , but a well-
chosen definiton of variable and a good theorectical
framework can be gained from a combination of a good
LR and interviews .

       
17 Good models are In a good model , the relations and the interconnections _Sekaran & Roger
complex. What’s between all important variables relevant to the problem (2010).Research
more, a good are descriped and explained . As the literature review
Methods For Business :
model should identifies the important variable relevant to problem and
include both it provides " a sloid foundation for the theoretical A Skill-Building
moderating and framework"(Sekaran & Roger , 2010,P100).Therefor the Approach (5th
mediating literature review must be a prevailing knowledge . So that ed. ),Ch.4 , P.100-101
variables. Discuss there may be several relations among the independant
this statement. variables ,depandant variable(s) . While Sekaran & Roger
(about 2-3 (2010) pointed out that " Theoretical framework is not
paragraphs). necessarily a complex framework"(P.101) ; but the
 different and several interconnections between these
variable may complicate the conceptual model , especailly
that if there are moderating variavle, mediating variable
or both in the model .
As the moderating variable has a contingent effect on the
independent variable-dependent variable relationship;
it's important and necessary to expalain how this varaible
affects this relation. And the mediating variable is that
variable which has a temporal quality or time dimension .
As it surfaces as a function of time , it helps in
conceptualize the independent and independent
variables. So , it's necessary to include the moderating
and/or mediating variable , if applicable , to the
theoretical model .
       
18 Academic Yes . My insights &
researchers As the applied research aims basically to solve a certain understanding
usually develop problem in organizational setting ,which reuires a timely
more complex solution . So Applied researchers aims to apply the
and elaborate existing knowledge or finding from previous studies , to
models than solve the current organizational problem .
applied While the basic research is maily conducted to generate
researchers. more knowledge and understading about a certain
Discuss this phenomena or problems that occur in different
statement. (yes or organizations. So the Academic researchers usually
no, with clear develop and elaborate models to more knowledge and
reasoning). understanding , without pplication.
       
19 In an applied The applied research is mainly aimed to solve a current _Sekaran & Roger
research context organizational problem demanding a timely solution .It (2010).Research
you do not need to follows the same steps of a systematic , organized
Methods For Business :
explain the ,objective , scientific inquiry into such problem to find
A Skill-Building
 relationships solution to it. So the applied research is a scientific in Approach (5th
between the nature .In a deductive reasoning , a general theory is ed. ),Ch.2 , P.48
variables in your applied to solve a specific problem . And the deductive
conceptual model. reasoning" is the key element in the Hypothetico-
Discuss this deductive research method"(Sekaran & Roger ,
statement. 2-3 2010,P.48) .
paragraphs of Hypothetico-deductive research method is a seven-steps
solid reasoning). scientific research , including : identify the problem area,
define the problem statement , develop hypotheses ,
Determine measures , DC , Analysis and C . So after
collecting data , defining problem , the theoretical
framework has to be developed. the theoretical
framework represents the beliefs of the researcher on
how certain variables are related to each other and why
the researcher believes these variable are related . So ,it
represents the basis of research as it elaborates the
relations between variable & the nature of them ,and
explains the theory behind these relations . and thus a
conceptual model has to be built.
In the conceptual model of an applied research , the
concept, on which relations between variables are built ,
is clearly explained. This concept can be based of findings
of previous researches.In such applied research ,
researcher can apply existing theories to his model
context and it's not necessary for researcher to generate
new testable hypotheses . The conceptual model should
be expressed in word and in a schematic diagram ,
explaining all relations .Thus It helps the reader to
visualize the relations and its concept .
       
20 For the following    
case titled
 Sleepless Nights at
Holiday Inn
(published in
Business Week and
adapted here):
  a. Identify the Problem Statement: What are the important actions that  
problem with have to be taken in order to increase the Holiday Inn
conceptual model, revenue ?
b. Develop a
theoretical
framework, c.
Develop at least
four hypotheses. All
with needed
figuers.
  Sleepless Nights at Theoretical Framework :  
Holiday Inn: Just a
few years ago, Tom
Oliver, the Chief
Executive of
Holiday Hospitality
Corp., was
struggling to
differentiate among
the variety of
facilities offered to
clients under the
Holiday flagship –
the Holiday Inn
Select designed for
business travelers,
the Holiday Inn The dependent variable is "Enhance revenue", which
Express used by means increasing the revenue ; while the revenue means
penny pinchers, and all the incomes gained by Holiday Inn. . The independent
the Crowne Plaza variables include : Differentiate the facilities offered to
Hotels, the clients ,and Lifting and improving of customer service .
luxurious hotels The first independent variable , Differentiate the facilities
meant for the big offered to clients , means to differentiate among the
spenders. Oliver felt variety of facilities offered to clients under the Holiday
that revenues could flagship – the Holiday Inn Select designed for business
be quadrupled if travelers, the Holiday Inn Express used by penny
only clients could pinchers, and the Crowne Plaza Hotels, the luxurious
differentiate among hotels meant for the big spenders. The second
these. Keen on independent variable , Lifting and improving of customer
developing a viable service , means to increase and develop the services
strategy for Holiday offered to clients and to renovate and maintain the
Hospitality which buildinings.
suffered from brand While the relation between DV and first IV , Differentiate
confusion, Tom the facilities offered to clients , is moderated by the
Oliver conducted a modearting varialble , Customer’s Clue to differentiate. it
customer survey of means that the cutomer could have the clue or the ability
those who had used to differentiate btw different classifications of offered
each type of facility, facilities. This MV has a contengent effect of this relation ,
and found the as by increasing "Differentiate facilities offered to
following. The clients" , that would have a positive effect of revenue ; but
consumers didn’t the MV " Customer’s Clue to differentiate" has a
have a clue as to the contengent effect , as if the customer could him/herself
differences among differentiate between the variety of facilities , that will
the three different effectly target the appropriate calss of service and so
types. Many increase revenue .
complained that the The other MV , Franchise owner fully cooperation, which
buildings were old means that the Franchise owner should give their full
and not properly cooperation and support to make Oliver's plans of
maintained, and the improvement and renewing , so that the target can be
quality ratings of acheived by increasing revenue . While the effect of this is
service and other IV , Lifting and improving of customer service , is directly
factors were also propotional to DV , this MV is significant to acheive this
poor. Furthermore, relationship.
when word spread So , Oliver has to first understand the class of clients and
that one of the based on that he could differentiate among the variety of
contemplated facilities offered . If the clients get the appropriate service
strategies of Oliver that match his/her class , he/she will has the clue to
was a name change target his/her target of hotel easily . To manage the
to differentiate the client's complains rgd the poor sevices and quality , the
three facilities, irate development and renwal must take place successfully
franchises balked. only when franchise owners fully cooperated .
Their mixed these relations are illustrated at the top.
messages did not
help consumers to
understand the
differences either.
Oliver thought that
he first needed to
understand how the
different
classifications
would be important
to the several
classes of clients,
and then he could
market the heck out
of them and greatly
enhance the
revenues.
Simultaneously, he
recognized that
unless the franchise
owners fully
cooperated with
 him in all his plans,
mere face lifting
and improvement
of customer service
would not bring
added revenues.
    Hypotheses:  
-As the franchise owners fully cooperated , The lifting and
improvement will be increased.
- The better differentiation of facilities offered to clients ,
the higher the revenue that will be gained.
-The better the customer services offered to Holiday Inn's
clients , the higher the revenue gained.
_When the customers have the clue to differentiate
between different classes of facilities offered , the better
the targeting of cafilities and so evaluation .
_The better understand of client's class , the better the
classification and differentiation among the variety of
facilities offered
       
21 Exercise 4.1 (From    
your text book,
5th edition)
  State the dependent The dependent variable is The performance of employees  
variable and why. in a particular bank branch
    The researcher's goal is to increase the performance of _Sekaran & Roger
employees in a particular bank branch .So , The (2010).Research
performace is the primary interest to this researcher , and
Methods For Business :
by analysis this dependant variable and finding out the
other variables that influnce the employee's performace , A Skill-Building
it may be possible to find the right ways to increase the Approach (5th
Employee's performance in this branch. ed. ),Ch.4 , P.90
22 Exercise 4.2    
  State the dependent The dependent variable is The product desirability  
variable.
    As the marketing manager believes that there is a _Sekaran & Roger
negative relation between the availability of product and (2010).Research
product desirability ; i.e. limiting product availability
Methods For Business :
increases product desirability . That is the availability of
product , the independent variable , directly influences A Skill-Building
the dependent variable in amount . And that is why the Approach (5th
marketing manager is interested to quantifying and ed. ),Ch.4 , P.90-92
measuring the product desirability , as well as the other
independent variable the product availability which
directly influences it as he believes .
23 Exercise 4.3    
  Fill in the below    
table :
  Variable type Variable Name _Sekaran & Roger
(2010).Research
Methods For Business :
A Skill-Building
Approach (5th
ed. ),Ch.4 , P.90-92
  Dependent variable Production Level  
  Independent Good supervision  
variable
  Independent Training  
variable
       
24 Exercise 4.5    
  Fill in the below    
 table :
  Variable type Variable Name _Sekaran & Roger
(2010).Research
Methods For Business : A
Skill-Building Approach
(5th ed. ),Ch.4 , P.90-94
  Dependent variable Productivity  
  Independent Off-the-job classroom training  
variable
  Moderating variable Age  
       
  Dr. Ashraf Elsafty      
  Research Methods      
  ESLSCA 47B      
  Mid term Exam DrAshrafElsafty    
-E-RM-47B-
MidTerm-
FatmaAbdallah
(1).xlsx
  Part TWO      
Q  
Answer,    
ONLY
using A
or B or C
or D or E
         
  Part 2: To be Just answer on
answered at the grey cells only
shaded cells only. MUST Add needed justification for MUST Add used
your selection reference(s)

1 Business research A When an organization is facing a specific problem __Sekaran & Roger
can be described as a needed to be solved , the decision maker of this (2010).Research
systematic and organization need to select the right solution
Methods For
organized effort to among the available alternatives. These
investigate a specific alternatives can be defined and found by Business : A Skill-
problem, gathering and analysis relevant data through the Building Approach
encountered in the business research . it compromise a series of (5th ed. ),Ch.1 ,
 work setting that steps which are designed and set to reach the goal P.22
needs a solution. of solving the problem in concern. _Elsafty,A.
(2016 ).Lecture 2:
The Business
Research : The
Basic & Applied
Research [Lecture
notes] : ESLSCA
business school
  A. true      
  B. false      
         
2 Research done with B The applied research is that research done to _Sekaran & Roger
the intention of solve a current problem faced by the manager in (2010).Research
applying the results the work setting in an organization , demanding a
Methods For
of the findings to timely solution. While the findings and knowledge
solve specific generated from basic research can be often Business : A Skill-
problems currently applied later in relevant organiztion problems to Building Approach
being experienced in participate insolvig such problems . (5th ed. ),Ch.1 ,
an organization is P.25-26
called basic research.
  A. true      
  B. false      
         
3 Research done A As Sekaran & Roger ( 2010) stated "The basic _Sekaran & Roger
primarily to make a research generate a body of knowledge by trying (2010).Research
contribution to to comprehend how certain problems that coocur
Methods For
existing knowledge in organizations can be solved" (p.26). So the
is called basic, main aim of basic research to generate knowledge Business : A Skill-
Building Approach
 fundamental, or pure about certain phenomena and problems that (5th ed. ),Ch. 1 ,
research. happen in different organizations . P.26
  A. true      
  B. false      
         
4 Applied research is B The applied research is a sceintific research. To __Sekaran & Roger
not scientific in do the applied research , it must be done in a (2010).Research
nature. step-by-step organized systematic process of
Methods For
sceintific research ,through identifying the
problem , gathering data , analysing information , Business : A Skill-
setting research design and reaching Building Approach
conclusions ,to select the solution for the problem (5th ed. ),Ch.1 ,
or to maximize business performance . P.27
__Elsafty,A.
(2016 ).Lecture 2:
The Business
Research : The
Basic & Applied
Research [Lecture
notes] : ESLSCA
business school
  A. true      
  B. false      
         
5 Ethics in business A The ethical conduct has to be conducted or _Sekaran & Roger
research refers to a applied in each step of business research process , (2010).Research
code of conduct or as in data gathering , data analysis , how research
Methods For
expected societal is undertaken , and reporting . Also the ethical
norm of behavior conduct has to be applied when data is Business : A Skill-
while conducting confedential and how it's gaurded by research Building Approach
research. team . (5th ed. ),Ch.1 ,
P.35

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
6 Ethical conduct B The ethical conduct has to be conducted from the _Sekaran & Roger
applies to the person who institutes the research , the (2010).Research
researchers who researcher / consultant , organization employees
Methods For
undertake the or respondents who provide the necessary data ,
research, but not to the data analyst , and the entire research team . It Business : A Skill-
the respondents who has to be conducted when a respondent provides Building Approach
provide them with data about research without any baising or (5th ed. ),Ch.1 ,
the necessary data. mispresentaion . P.35

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
7 The main distinction A As main objective to conduct a basic research is _Sekaran & Roger
between applied and generating a knowledge and more understanding (2010).Research
basic business of a certain phenomena or problems that occur in
Methods For
research is that the various organizations settings , and based of
former is specifically these results theories can be built . Then the Business : A Skill-
aimed at solving a knowledge generated from such research can be Building Approach
currently later often applied . (5th ed. ),Ch.1 ,
experienced While the applied research is maily done with the P.24
problem, whereas intention to find a solution to solve a current __Elsafty,A.
the latter has the problem in the organization. So , the applied
(2016 ).Lecture 2:
broader objective of research may take a shorter time frame than the
generating basic research . The Business
knowledge and Research : The
understanding of Basic & Applied
phenomena and Research [Lecture
problems that occur notes] : ESLSCA
in various
business school
organizational
settings.

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
8 Both basic and A Both the applied and basic researches are done in __Elsafty,A.
applied research has a well-organized , logical , systematic ,objective, (2016 ).Lecture 2:
to be carried out in a purposive ,rigorous research process in gathering
The Business
scientific manner. data , alayzing them , finding conclusion and
reporting. Thus applied and basic researches are Research : The
scientific researches. Basic & Applied
Research [Lecture
notes] : ESLSCA
business school

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
         
9 The first step in A As research process is accomplished through a __Elsafty,A.
research is to know serious of steps aiming to study and solve a (2016 ).Lecture 1:
where the problem specific problem facing the organization. So to
Introduction to
areas exist in the solve such problem , it has to be identified and
organization, and to defined clearly and specifically as possible , to Research [Lecture
identify as clearly successfully go through the steps of research . So notes] : ESLSCA
and specifically as analysis organizational the 9 elements of business business school
possible the including : organization , organizational levels ,
problems that need mangerial functions , business functions, Industry
to be studied and , geographical , time , external environment and
resolved. internal environment , has to be well
accomplished .

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 Identifying the A As the business research is process of a __Elsafty,A.
0 critical issues, systematic and organized effort aiming to (2016 ).Lecture 1:
gathering relevant investigate a specific problem in work setting
Introduction to
information, ,that needs a solution . So it is accomplished in a
analyzing the data in series of steps including gathering information , Research [Lecture
ways that would help analyzing data and drawing conclusion by setting notes] : ESLSCA
decision making, and the alternatives which help the decision maker . business school
implementing the So the well understanding the business research
right course of will facilitate the decision maker to take the
action, are all appropriate actions.
facilitated by
understanding
business research.

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 Knowledge gained by B While the basic research is maily done to gain _Sekaran & Roger
1 the findings of basic more knowledge and understanding about (2010).Research
research cannot be certain phenomena that take place in different
Methods For
applied by organizational settings , so we could know
organizations to something we didn't know before . The Business : A Skill-
solve their own Knowledge of these findings can be later applied Building Approach
problems. in organizational settings for problem solving . (5th ed. ),Ch.1
_Elsafty,A.
(2016 ).Lecture 2:
The Business
Research : The
Basic & Applied
Research [Lecture
notes] : ESLSCA
business school

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 ‘Rigor’ related to D Rigor adds "a good theoritical base and sound _Sekaran & Roger
2 scientific methedological design" (Sekaran & Roger , (2010).Research
investigation refers, 2010,P.39) to research investigation. It implies
Methods For
amongst others, to: high degree of carefulnesss and exactitude to
investigation. Business : A Skill-
Building Approach
(5th ed. ),Ch.2 ,
P.39

  a. The probability      
that our estimations
are correct.
  b. The idea that a      
simple model that
explains a certain
phenomenon has
preference over a
complex model.
  c. The fact that      
findings are
generalizable.
  d. The fact that a      
study has a good
theoretical base.
         
1 ‘Confidence’, as a A As Confidence is a characteristic of scientific __Elsafty,A.
3 characteristic of research to be the degree of confidence to search (2016 ).Lecture 3:
scientific for specific phenomena. So the more narrow the
The Hallmarks of
investigation, refers range within which we do our expectation , the
to: more confidence we have in our research Sceintific Research
findings. [Lecture notes] :
And the precision represents how accurate are ESLSCA business
our sample results compared to reality . So school
Precision is the sum of Confidence plus error ;
where error is the unaccepted part of
condeifence.

  a. The probability      
that our estimations
are correct.
  b. The idea that a      
simple model that
explains a certain
phenomenon has
preference over a
complex model.
  c. The fact that      
findings are
generalizable.
  d. The fact that an      
investigation has a
clear theoretical
foundation.
         
1 An inductive A An inductive investigation is " a process where we _Sekaran & Roger
4 investigation starts observe specific phenomena and on this basis (2010).Research
with an observation arrive at general conclusions."(Sekaran & Roger ,
Methods For
of empirical data. 2010,P.48 ). For example , by observing the
Monkey food , we could find first , second and Business : A Skill-
third group of monkeys eat fruits ; which may Building Approach
lead us to a conclusion that " All monkeys eat (5th ed. ),Ch.2,P.48
fruits" .

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 A deductive A A deductive investigation is an application of a _Sekaran & Roger
5 investigation is general theory . So , in a deductive investigation (2010).Research
based on "We start with a general theory and then apply
Methods For
theoretically logical this theory to a specific case"( Sekaran & Roger ,
reasoning. 2010,P.48 ). Business : A Skill-
Building Approach
(5th ed. ),Ch.2 ,
P.48

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 It is not always A The sceintific research has to encompass the eight
6 possible to meet all
the hallmarks of
science in full.
Comparability,
consistency, and
wide generalizability
are often difficult to
obtain in research.
_Sekaran & Roger
hallmarks and charctristics of science , Rigor, (2010).Research
Purposiveness ,Parsimony , Objective ,
Methods For
Replicability ,Testability , Gerneralizability and
Confidence . But it's not easy to obtain all the Business : A Skill-
eight because of difficulties in : Building Approach
to have the same organizational setting in (5th ed. ),Ch.2 ,
obtaining the sample of investigation , and P.44
when the data collection is in subjective area of
feeling , emotions & perceptions .

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 Which of the A Hypothetico-deductive research method is a _Sekaran & Roger
7 following is a sceintic research method which provides a (2010).Research
hierarchical listing of systematic research approach . It includes the
Methods For
the hypothetico- following steps:
deductive research *Identifiying a broad problem area where the Business : A Skill-
method? organizational business elements are analysed ( 9 Building Approach
element of organizational environment) (5th ed. ),Ch.2 ,
*then the research needs to put and define the P.44
objective of his research in problem statement
*To develop the hypothese : researcher defines all
varialble related to his problem and set the
 relations between them ; then drives hypthetical
ststemants after reviewing literature.
* Determining the measures which will be used to
evaluate and test the develped hyptheses
* Data collection
* Data analysis
* Interpretation of data and conclusions
  a. Identify a broad      
problem area -
Define the problem
statement - Develop
hypotheses -
Determine measures
- Data collection -
Data analysis -
Interpretation of
data
  b. Identify a broad      
problem area -
Define the problem
statement -
Determine measures
- Data collection -
Develop hypotheses -
Data analysis -
Interpretation of
data
  c. Define the      
problem statement -
Identify a broad
problem area -
Determine measures
- Develop
 hypotheses - Data
collection - Data
analysis -
Interpretation of
data
  d. Identify a broad      
problem area -
Develop hypotheses -
Determine measures
- Data collection -
Data analysis -
Interpretation of
data
         
1 A literature survey A As a good literature review will support the __Elsafty,A.
8 helps the researcher to find the important variables (2016 ).Lecture 4:
development of the relevant to the research , establish the relations
The Research
theoretical between the variable and so develop the
framework and theoretical framework then hypothesis can be process - The broad
hypotheses for driven for testing . Also it ensures a good problem area and
testing. integration between the theoretical framework defining the
and the findings data which are found from problem stsement
previous studies and researches . [Lecture notes] :
ESLSCA business
school

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
1 Which of the D The preliminary research provides and __Elsafty,A.
9 following answers is investigates the data required to define the (2016 ).Lecture 5:
not an objective of problem , and helps to develop the theoretical
The Research
preliminary framework . In the process of building the
research? theoretical framework , the model of how certain process -
variables are connected to each other are Theoretical
explained , though types of variables are indicated Framework &
whether independent , dependant , mediating or Hypothesis
moderating variable . Development
[Lecture notes] :
ESLSCA business
school

  a. One does not run      

the risk of
“reinventing the
wheel”.
  b. Important      
variables that are
likely to influence
the problem
situation are not left
out of the study.
  c. The problem      
statement can be
made with precision
and clarity.
  d. To determine      
whether a variable is
 an independent
variable, a
dependent variable,
a mediating variable,
or a moderating
variable.
2 A frequent problem A As the feasibilty of a problem statement isyour
0 in terms of feasibility
is that the problem
statement is too
broad in scope.
_Sekaran & Roger
ability to answer the problem statement within (2010).Research
the restrictions and limitations of research . So
Methods For
when the problem statement is too broad in
scope , it will be too difficult to answer ; because Business : A Skill-
of it faces the restrictions of time , high cost , the Building Approach
support of respondent who provides data , and (5th ed. ),Ch.3 ,
the like . P.66

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
2 From an academic E From an academic prospective , research is
1 perspective research
is relevant if:
_Sekaran & Roger
relevant if : (2010).Research
a. Nothing is know about a topic : in this case
Methods For
researcher has to work on issuing his research
problem and prove it. Business : A Skill-
b. Much is known about the topic , but the Building Approach
knowledge is scattered and not integrated :In this (5th ed. ),Ch.3 ,
case the researcher has a good base for research. P.66
c.Much research on the topic is abvailable , but
the results ( partly ) contradictory : the task of
researcher here is difficult , as he will try to
harmonize this contradictory and establish the
research base.
d. Established relationships don not hold in
certain situation : it's a not easy for the
researcher to find these situations in existing
organizations , but he may apply the fininding or
result in similar settings.

  a. Nothing is known      
about a topic.
  b. Much is known      
about the topic, but
 the knowledge is
scattered and not
integrated.
  c. Much research on      
the topic is available,
but the results are
(partly)
contradictory.
  d. Established      
relationships do not
hold in certain
situations..
  e. All of the above.      
         
2 A hypothesis is B As Sekaran & Roger ( 2010) stated "a hypothesis _Sekaran & Roger
2 unrelated to the can be defined as logically conjectured (2010).Research
theoretical relationships beteween two or more variables
Methods For
framework. expressed in the form of testsble statement"
(P.107). And the theoretical framework clearly Business : A Skill-
defines the varialble , represents the relationships Building Approach
among these variables , explains the theory (5th ed. ),Ch.4 ,
underlying these relations , and decribes the P.107
natures and directions of these relationships. So it __Sekaran & Roger
provides a logical base for developing testable
(2010).Research
hypotheses .
Methods For
Business : A Skill-
Building Approach
(5th ed. ),Ch.4 ,
P.100

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
2 The ________________ is D DV is of primary interest of the researcher . The Elsafty,A. (2014 )
3 the variable of goal of the research project is to understand , Ch.4 : The Research
primary interest to predict or explain the varialbilty of this varialble. Process - Theoretical
the researcher. (Elsafty,2014) Framework &
So through the analysis of this DV in accordance Hypothesis
with other variable which influnce it , the Development
researcher could find answers or solution of the [Powerpoint slides] :
research problem . ESLSCA business
school

  a. Independent      
variable.
  b. Intervening      
variable.
  c. Moderating      
variable.
  d. Dependent      
variable.
         
2 A marketing D As the sales can variance is affected by the sales Ch.4 - P.90
4 manager believes promotion and the customer's price
that sales promotion consciousness , so sales are the dependent
has a positive effect variable. As the goal of the marketing manager is
on sales. Although to study and analysis the variables that affect the
he believes that this sales , represented in promotion and price
relationship holds consciousness , which are the independent
true generally for all variables .
consumers he also
believes that it is
nevertheless
contingent on the
price consciousness
of consumers.
  What would be the      
dependent variable
here?
  a. Profits.      
  b. Sales promotion.      
  c. Pice      
consciousness.
  d. Sales.      
         
2 Job satisfaction is: D The level of job satisfaction can vary from very Elsafty,A.
5 high to very low according to the work (2016 ).Lecture 5 :
environment and conditions , employee's The Research Process :
perception , age and the like. Also , Job Theoretical
satisfaction may lead to different results on Framework &
practical , social and private life of worker. So , Hypothesis
the variable " Job satisfaction " must be clearly Development [Lecture
described in relationships with the other notes] : ESLSCA
variables affecting and/or affected by it to be a business school
measurable variable; so a theoretical framework
has to be provided to conceptualize these
relationships.

  a. An independent      
variable.
  b. A dependent      
variable.
  c. A moderating      
variable.
  d. This is not clear      
based on the above
information.
         
2 A theoretical A As the dependent variable is the primary interest _Sekaran & Roger
6 framework contains of research , so a good theorectical framework (2010).Research
all possible variables identifies and defines the important variables that Methods For Business :
that have an effect on contributes to the research problems . Also the A Skill-Building
the dependent theorectical framework elaborates and defines Approach (5th
variable. the relationships between these variable , and ed. ),Ch.4 - P. 100-101
explains why the researcher expect these
relationships.

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
2 A conceptual model A As the conceptual model can be presented in a _Sekaran & Roger
7 describes how the schematic diagram and expressed in words . A (2010).Research
concepts in your schematic diagram helps the reader to visualize Methods For Business :
model are related to the relationships between different variables. A Skill-Building
each other. As Sekaran & Roger ( 2010) pointed out that " Approach (5th
Both a schematic diagram of the conceptual ed. ),Ch.4 - P. 101
model and a description of relationships between
the variables in words should be given , so that
the reader can see and easily comprehend the
theorized relationship."

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
2 A theory attempts to A After defining the variables relevant to your Elsafty,A.
8 explain relationships research , the conceptual model has to be given. A (2016 ).Lecture 5 :
between the strong model can be established based on a sound The Research Process :
variables in your theory . This theory explains all relationships Theoretical
model: an which could exist among the variables. Framework &
explanation should Hypothesis
be provided for all Development [Lecture
the important notes] : ESLSCA
relationships that business school
are theorized to exist
among the variables.
  A. true      
  B. false      
         
2 Theory is needed in B In applied research , researcher applies the _Sekaran & Roger
9 basic research but existing theories/ or findings of previous studies ; (2010).Research
not in applied while in basic research , the researcher generates Methods For Business :
research a body of knowledge , so it's not necessary to use A Skill-Building
existing theories . Approach (5th
ed. ),Ch.4 , P102

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
3 Another term for A The independent variable is conjectured to be _Sekaran & Roger
0 independent variable that variable which directly influences the (2010).Research
is predictor variable. depedent variable . So IV is the cause of the DV ; Methods For Business :
so there must be a time sequence between the A Skill-Building
both to occur. So the change in DV will come after Approach (5th
the change in IV . ed. ),Ch.4 - P.92

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
3 A theoretical A A theoretical framework should incorporate : to _Sekaran & Roger
1 framework define and identify all variables related to (2010).Research
represents your research study , to describe and establish the Methods For Business :
beliefs on how relationships between these variable , and give A Skill-Building
certain phenomena explaination why the researcher expect these Approach (5th
(or variables or relationships to exist . ed. ),Ch.4 - P. 89 &
concepts) are related P.100-101
to each other, and an
explanation on why
you believe that
these variables are
associated to each
other.
  A. true      
  B. false      
         
         
3 In what way do the C The hypothesis which relates two variables or _Sekaran & Roger
2 concepts causality group , may state the correlation between these (2010).Research
and correlation varaibles or group , withouth metioning the Methods For Business :
relate to each other? relation between them. A Skill-Building
Approach (5th
ed. ),Ch.4 , P.111

  a. Causality is a      
necessary and
sufficient condition
for correlation.
  b. Causality is a    
necessary but not
sufficient condition
for correlation.
  c. Correlation is a      
necessary but not
sufficient condition
for causality.
  d. Correlation is a      
necessary and
sufficient condition
for causality.
         
3 Dictionary B It's important to choose a well guiding definitions _Sekaran & Roger
3 definitions provide a of concepts and relevant varaibles from literature (2010).Research
useful basis for the . As good fefinitions will provide a useful basis for Methods For Business :
operationalization or the operationalization or measurement of your A Skill-Building
measurement of concepts in the data collection stage of the Approach (5th
your concepts in the research process , and provide explaination of ed. ),Ch.4 - P.101
data collection stage relationships between varialble .
of the research But the dictionary defintions are too general ; so
process. you do not have to use them.

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
3 What cannot be seen B While the DV is the variable of the primary _Elsafty,A. (2014 ) Ch.2
4 as purpose of a interset of the researcher ; so the researcher : Scientific
causal study? builds his research study to understand the DV , Investigation ,
define and identify all relevant variable to his Thinking like a
research study , establish the relationships Researcher[Powerpoin
between these varaibles , and the like . t slides] : ESLSCA
So , the researcher will not begin into the business school
reseacrh study just to predict the DV . _Ch.4 - P.90
  a. Understanding the      
dependent variable.
  b. Predicting the      
dependent variable.
  c. Making sure that      
all relevant variables
are included in the
study.
  d. Explaining      
variance in the
dependent variable.
         
3 If a bank manager B As a bank manager , has the authority to review Elsafty,A.
5 wants to analyze the all clients records from bank filing system . And (2016 ).Lecture 5 :
relationship between for this bank manager to have a 'Field study', it The Research Process :
interest rates and will be one of means in his investigation , cause Theoretical
bank deposit the data collected from this field study will be like Framework &
patterns of clients, a a sample of data. So , he will need to collect the Hypothesis
‘field study’ is the data from bank records , field study , employees Development [Lecture
most suitable and the like. As to have a well-defined Problem notes] : ESLSCA
method of definition , a prevailing knowledge is required. business school
investigation.

  A. true      
  B. false      
         
3 A marketing B The marketing manager aims to investigate the Elsafty,A.
6 manager aims to relationship between customer satisfaction and (2016 ).Lecture 5 :
investigate the store loyalty , among Syrian consumers .While the The Research Process :
relationship between Syrain consumers are visting Syrian stores and Theoretical
customer satisfaction other nationalities stores.The syrian consumers Framework &
and store loyalty may be found in Hyper markets , Malls , and any Hypothesis
among Syrian other shops or markets . Also the ' unit of analysis Development [Lecture
consumers. For this ' is not the country , as the investigation is notes] : ESLSCA
purpose, data will concerned about behvior and perception of business school
have to be collected certain nationality , Syrian people . So the ' unit of
from Syrian stores anaylsis ' here , may be culture .
and the ‘unit of
analysis’ is the
country.

  A. true      
  B. false