QC LAB Act 3 and 4

GROUP 2
Quality Control 2: Laboratory
Baxter || Catalan || Dela Rosa || Mariñas || Señoron || Yulo
ACTIVITY 3
REFRACTIVE INDEX-
REFRACTOMETER
ACTIVITY 3: REFRACTIVE INDEX-
REFRACTOMETER
OBJECTTVE:
To be able to determine the refractive index of a substance using a
handheld refractometer.
APPARATUS / GLASSWARE:
Refractometer
MATERIAL/ SAMPLE:
Distilled water,
any liquid flavor or any liquid sample
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
1. Open the illuminator flap.
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
2. Put a sample on the measurement prism surface, using
dropper or pipette.
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
3. Close the flap.
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
4. Look through the
eyepiece.
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
5. Read result from the scale, if necessary place the
refractometer in the direction of light.
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
6. Wipe dry the prism and flap with a clean, soft cloth.
REFRACTOMETER
PROCEDURE:
7. Perform in two trials.
REFRACTOMETER
Determine the Refractive Index:
Substance Refractive Index
Salicylic Acid 1.565 @25 °C/D
Peppermint Oil 1.460-1.464 @ 20 °C/D

Menthol 1.458 @ 25°C/D
Acetic Acid 1.3720 @25° C/D
1.4758 @ 15°C/D;
Glycerol 1.4746@ 20° C/D;
1.4730 @ 25° C/D.
ACTIVITY 3: REFRACTIVE INDEX-REFRACTOMETER
Questions:
1. What are the specific use/s of a refractometer in
pharmacy?
(1)Identifies a pure substance,
(2) Establish the purity of some substances
(3) Determines the concentration of some simple solutions
alcohol solutions,
sugar solutions [percent of sugar in syrup]
(4) Determines the uniformity of final compounded
preparations
Questions:
2. Draw the handheld refractometer and label its parts.
Handheld Refractometer
Questions:
3. What is an Abbe refractometer? Draw and label the
parts.
A refractometer in which the critical angle for total reflection
at the interface of a film of a liquid between two similar glass
prisms is utilized in determining the index of refraction.
Eyepiece
Abbe refractometer
Prism
adjust drum
ling light into

the lens holder Adustable knob
thermometer in casting
Rotating
Illuminated dial
Shaft
concentrator
Base
ACTIVITY 4: OPTICAL
ROTATION - POLARIMETER
ACTIVITY 4: OPTICAL ROTATION -
POLARIMETER
OBJECTIVE
To be able to identify the parts of a polarimeter and
determine the specific rotation of a sugar solution
APPARATUS/GLASSWARES MATERIAL/SAMPLE
volumetric flask sucrose solution
weighing balance
polarimeters
others (as needed)
Other Needed Apparatus Other Needed Reagents
Beaker
Spatula HCl 5mL
Wash bottle NaOH solution
Funnel Phenolphthalein
Stirring rod
Pipette
Volumetric stopper
Water bath
Dropper
Dry cloth
ACTIVITY 4: OPTICAL ROTATION - POLARIMETER
PROCEDURE:
SAMPLE PREPARATION (The Specific Rotation Of Sucrose)
1. Weigh as accurately as possible about 52 grams of sucrose.
52.0000 g
PROCEDURE:
2. Dissolve it in enough distilled water to make a 100mL solution.
PROCEDURE:
3. Transfer 50mL of the solution into a 100mL volumetric flask, and
dilute to the mark with distilled water. Mix the solution well. Cool.
PROCEDURE:
4. Optical rotation is determined within 30 minutes after the
preparation at 250 ± 0.5°C
PROCEDURE:
5. Carefully rinse the sample tube twice with this solution.
PROCEDURE:
6. Obtain 3 readings of this solution and get the average. Average
optical rotation of sucrose:______
PROCEDURE:
7. Calculate the specific rotation of sucrose.
PROCEDURE:
SAMPLE PREPARATION (The Inversion of Sucrose)
1. Clean and rinse well the volumetric flask used above.
PROCEDURE:
2. Place the other 50ml portion of the prepared sucrose solution in
the clean volumetric flask.
PROCEDURE:
3. Add 25mL of distilled water and 5mL of conc. HCl
PROCEDURE:
4. Heat in a water bath for 15 minutes, keeping the temperature
constant at 70°C
PROCEDURE:
5. Cool thoroughly under running water.
PROCEDURE:
6. Add drop by drop saturated NaOH solution, shaking after each addition
until a drop of the solution gives a pink color to phenolphthalein which is
used as an outside indicator.
PROCEDURE:
7. Dilute to the mark with distilled water and mix thoroughly.
PROCEDURE:
8. Rinse the sample tube twice.
PROCEDURE:
9. Obtain 3 readings of this solution and get the average. Average
optical rotation of sucrose:_______
PROCEDURE:
10. Calculate the specific rotation of sucrose.
PROCEDURE:
2. USING THE APPARATUS
1. Pour the solution

to be measured
into the test tube
for measurement
PROCEDURE:
Caution:
the screws at the
both ends of the test
tube should not to be
tightened more than
necessary
PROCEDURE:
2. Connect the power

source and switch on
the sodium lamp.
Wait for about
10minutes until the
lamp emits yellow
sodium light.
PROCEDURE:
3. Rotate the scale

knob until the
illumination of the
viewing field have
equal intensity
PROCEDURE:
4. Check the zero-

position of the Vernier
scale. If the position is
not in zero adjustment
can be made or adjust
to zero position
PROCEDURE:
5. Open the cover of the

sample chamber, and
put the test tube into
the chamber, the bulb
part of the test tube is in
upward position.
PROCEDURE:
6. Adjust the viewing

field screw until the
triplex viewing aspect
becomes distinct.
PROCEDURE:
7. Rotate the scale

knob until illumination
of the viewing field
becomes identical.
PROCEDURE:
8. Read on the dial,

thru a magnifying
glass, the angle of
rotation.
PROCEDURE:
9. After using, clean

the apparatus.
Optical Rotation Computation

Given:
1. A sample of pure 2-butanol was placed in a 10cm polarimeter tube. Using
the D-line of a sodium lamp, the observed rotation at 20°C was a= +104°.
The conc. of the compound is 0.805 g/ mL.
What is the specific rotation of 2-butanol?

Optical
Rotation
Computation
#1

Given:
2. Calculate the observed rotation of a solution of 5.245 g of 1- ammonium-
1-phenylethane diluted to a volume of 100 mL w/ a methanol at 20°C using
the D-line of a sodium lamp and a 1 dm tube.
Specific rotation of this material=(-30°)

Sample concentration is 5.245 g in 100mL
Optical
Rotation
Computation
#2

Given:
3. Calculate the specific rotation of 2,3-tartaric acid based on the ff
observation: A 0.856 g sample of pure acid was diluted to 10 mL w/water
and observed in a 1.00 dm polarimeter tube. The observed rotation using
the 589 nm line of a sodium lamp at 20°C was a=+1.06.
Optical
Rotation
Computation
#3
1. What is meant by specific rotation?
Specific rotation is defined as the angle of

rotation in degrees of the plane of
polarization of monochromatic light passing
through a 100 ml long tube containing an
optical active substance in solution at a
concentration of 1 g/ml.
2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.
Laurent's half-shade polarimeter

A device used to determine the direction of
polarization of plane polarized light; it consists
of a quartz plate of special thickness that
covers half of the plane polarized beam,
followed by a plane polarization analyzer.

Biquartz polarimeter
In biquartz polarimeters, a biquartz plate is used.

Biquartz plate consists of two semi circular plates

of quartz each of thickness 3.75mm. One half
consists of right-handed optically active quartz,
while the other is left-handed optically active
quartz.

Lippich polarimeter
The Lippich polarimeter differs from the

Laurent form only in the method of producing

the half-shadow. Laurent’s polarimeter suffers
from the defect that it can be used only for
light of a particular wavelength for which the
half wave plate has been constructed. To
overcome this difficulty, Lippich constructed a
polarimeter, that can be used for light of any
wavelength.

Quartz-wedge Polarimeter
The quartz wedge is a simple, semi-quantitative compensator designed
around a crystalline block of quartz cut with an elongated wedge angle so

that the optical axis of the quartz is oriented either parallel or perpendicular
to the edge of the birefringent crystal.

Manual
Ideal for determining concentration levels of
samples for applications in educational,

pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Operation

is simple—line up the vernier and scale to the zero
position, place the sample-filled tube into the
measuring field chamber, and close the light shield.
Semi-automatic
Suitable for measuring the proportion, purity,
concentration and content of rotatory organic

material. Some of applications are: Agricultural

Industry: For analyzing the element of
agricultural antibiotic, microbial pesticide and
the starch content of farm produce.
Fully-automatic
This digital polarimeter is
designed to
measure optically
active liquids. The measuring
time is one second, regardless
of the rotation angle of the
sample.
THANK
YOU!!!

QC LAB Act 3 and 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

QC LAB Act 3 and 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GROUP 2

Quality Control 2: Laboratory

Baxter || Catalan || Dela Rosa || Mariñas || Señoron || Yulo

Substance Refractive Index

Salicylic Acid 1.565 @25 °C/D

Peppermint Oil 1.460-1.464 @ 20 °C/D

Acetic Acid 1.3720 @25° C/D

ling light into

2. USING THE APPARATUS

1. Pour the solution

2. USING THE APPARATUS

2. USING THE APPARATUS

2. Connect the power

2. USING THE APPARATUS

3. Rotate the scale

2. USING THE APPARATUS

4. Check the zero-

2. USING THE APPARATUS

5. Open the cover of the

2. USING THE APPARATUS

6. Adjust the viewing

2. USING THE APPARATUS

7. Rotate the scale

2. USING THE APPARATUS

8. Read on the dial,

2. USING THE APPARATUS

9. After using, clean

Optical Rotation Computation

What is the specific rotation of 2-butanol?

Optical Rotation Computation

Specific rotation of this material=(-30°)

Optical Rotation Computation

1. What is meant by specific rotation?

Specific rotation is defined as the angle of

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

Laurent's half-shade polarimeter

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

In biquartz polarimeters, a biquartz plate is used.

Biquartz plate consists of two semi circular plates

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

The Lippich polarimeter differs from the

Laurent form only in the method of producing

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Operation

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

material. Some of applications are: Agricultural

2. Enumerate and differentiate the type of polarimeter.

You might also like