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Philippine Politics and Governance: Quarter I - Module 5
Philippine Politics and Governance: Quarter I - Module 5
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Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Mabel F. Musa, PhD, OIC-ASDS
Cyril C. Serador, PhD, CID Chief
Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager
Marites L. Arenio, EPS-1
Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II
Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II
As you read through this module, you will notice the following icons. They will
help you find your way around the module more quickly.
Just remember, this module is not intended to replace textbooks and other existing
learning resources but rather to provide an additional alternative that is contextualized and
resilient to education systems that address the challenges of the current pandemic.
There are warm-up and exam-style practice questions for every part to give you
an idea of how well you have already grasped the lesson. This also contains topic-
based questions for focused skills to test your understanding of the concepts of the
lessons under the Most Essential Learning Competencies.
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate understanding of the historical
background of Philippine democratic politics, the executive, the
legislative, the judiciary, and decentralization and local governance.
Performance Standard
By the end of this module, you should be able to cover the following:
1
Directions: These questions will help you think about the lesson
How much
do you already you are about to learn. Choose the letter of the best answer. Circle
know? the letter of your answer.
3. Today barangay captains are head of the barangay, what was other name of
chieftains in the pre-historic times?
A. Alcalde Mayor C. Governor
B. Cabeza De Barangay D. President
4. Governors are provinces head, which of the following is the head of the province in
Spanish period?
A. Alcade Mayor C. Datu
B. Chieftains D. Governor
6. The PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT aimed Filipinos to have freedom and rights just
like the Spaniards, These key figures Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar, who is
missing in the group?
A. Emilio Jacinto C. Apolinario Mabini
B. Graciano Lopez Jaena D. Emilio Aguinaldo
7. The Philippine legislative body was divided into two, the upper and lower chamber,
In 1902, What Philippine Act was enacted to provide the creation of Philippine
legislature?
2
A. Cooper act C. Treaty of Paris
B. Jones act D. Tydings Mc Duffie
8. In the Second Republic of the Philippines, Japanese government ruled the country
even there was already a President, which of the following describes former
President Laurel government?
A. Cooper Republic C. Puppet Government
B. Japanese Occupation D. Republic
9. The katipuneros fought for Philippine freedom, What are the group name of
Katipuneros?
A. Magdalo and Magdiwang C. Reform and Retrench
B. Makibaka and Magdiwang D. Revolt and Revolution
10. Who was the President, best known for successfully defeating the communist led
Hukbalahap (HUK) movement, Idol of the masses, and freedom fighter?
A. Corazon Aquino C. Manuel Quezon
B. Elpidio Quirino D. Ramon Magsaysay
15. As a head of the State, his administration centerpiece program is the Philippines
2000; which aim to uplift the Philippines as a newly industrialized country by the
year 2000, who was this former president?
A. Corazon Aquino C. Fidel Ramos
B. Benigno Aquino III D. Gloria Arroyo
3
Lesson
The Evolution of Philippine
1 Politics and Governance.
Good day! How’s your learning from your previous lesson on module 4? Do you
find it interesting, yes! I know that would be great!
Activity: I Recall
Directions: List in the provided space below what you have learned about the
elements of the state.
SOVEREIGNTY
GOVERNMENT
TERRITORY
POPULATION
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Explore multi-media platforms including Facebook, tweeter, Netflix, etc. Do
you noticed the transitions from single channel to multi-channel, from radio/TV to
android phones? From your locality, do you see changes in your Town site,
Barangay, and City government in terms of people, infrastructure, and laws? What
are the impacts of this changes to your daily life?
Activity: Transformation
Directions: Write the recent political leaders and his major accomplishments in your
Purok, Barangay, and City government. Write your answer in the provided space.
PUROK PRESIDENT
BARANGAY CAPTAIN
Mayor
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Filipino society and culture were fairly developed prior to contacts with other
countries which based on the archeological artifacts recovered by historians. Filipinos
had commercial relations early on with China, Indo-China, Malaysia, India, and the
Arab countries. Chinese silk, porcelain, jars, gold, ivory, and beads were traded for
wax, bird's nest, teakwood, rattan, pearls, precious stones, and other marine and forest
products where they lay claim to our country and government.
Pre-Historic Period
Even before the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, there already
existed a system of governance in precolonial Philippines.
Back then, the Philippines was an archipelago organized into several
independent and self-sufficient political units known as the BARANGAY.
This unit is headed by a chief as the DATU.
Present also during the precolonial times was the system of stratification. The
stratification was based on class, which include:
a. nobility( maharlika)
b. freeman ( timawa)
c. the serf ( aliping namamahay)
d. the slaves ( aliping sagigilid)
Spanish Colony
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Philippine revolution
American War
The signing of the TREATY OF PARIS signaled the end of the Spanish-
American war.
The treaty involved United States payment of $20 million to Spain after the latter
ceded all as imperial possessions including Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines.
WILLIAM H. TAFT became the first civil governor of the Philippines. The civil
governor acte as the head of the executive branch and also exercised legislative
powers as the head of the Philippine Commission, a lawmaking body whose
members were all appointed.
In 1902, the Philippine Act (cooper act) was enacted which provide for the
creation of a Philippine legislature.
By 1916, the Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones law) provided for the
reorganization of the Philippine legislature into a fully elected and Filipino-
controlled bicameral body.
Until in 1934, tydings- McDuffie Act (Philippine Independent Act) was ratified by
the US Congress.
It established the Philippine Commonwealth, which provided for a 10- year
transition period that would prepare the Filipinos for self- governance.
President Manuel Quezon and Vice President Sergio Osmena headed the first
commonwealth government.
Japanese Period
Postwar Era
The structure of postwar Philippine politics and government was founded on the
1935 constitution. The first president of the third republic was Manuel Roxas,
followed by Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, Diosdado
Macapagal and the first term of Ferdinand Marcos
Marcos second term saw changes in the governmental structure and the
ratification of a new constitution in 1973.
In 1965, and In 1969, he ran for reelection and succeeded, making him the
only president under the 1935 constitution to be elected for a second term. That
time,
The period from 1986 onward is the restoration of democracy. The fall of the
dictatorship marked the shift toward democratization and return to
constitutionalism.
A revolutionary government was created following Corazon Aquino’s ascent to
presidency.
When the new Philippine Constitution was ratified in 1987, a was
established.
The POST- EDSA era also known as the FIFTH REPUBLIC.
8
CORAZON AQUINO served as the first President of the fifth republic. Followed
by FIDEL RAMOS, JOSEPH ESTRADA after being dispose by the EDSA
PEOPLE POWER II.
ESTRADA was prospered by his , followed by BENIGNO AQUINO.
Philippine Presidents
9
Sergio Osmena Elected Vice President of the Philippines in 1935
(1944-1946) and succeeded Quezon to the Presidency in-exile.
Editor of the Cebu newspaper El Nuevo Dia (New
Day) which founded in 1900.
In 1907, he was elected as representative of Cebu
and later became speaker of the first Philippine
Assembly.
1922, he was elected as senator
He headed important government missions to the
U. S. Osmeña returned to the Philippines on
October 20, 1944, together with Gen. Douglas
MacArthur.
1945- Became a President of the Republic
Manuel A. Roxas Popularly known as the “First President of the Third
(1946-1948) Republic.” He won the elections by a slim margin.
He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946.
His political career started when he was appointed
as a member of the Capiz municipal council.
In 1919, he was elected as governor of Capiz.
Elected as congressman in 1922,
1935, he was chosen as a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention.
He was elected as a senator in 1941 and
eventually became Senate president.
The short-lived Roxas administration (1946 -
1948) embarked on a course that resulted in what
were considered as his greatest achievements,
namely: the ratification of the Bell Trade Act; the
inclusion of the Parity Amendment in the
Constitution; and the signing of the 1947 Military
Bases Agreement.
Roxas was not able to complete his presidential
term; he died from a heart attack at Clark Air base
on April 15, 1948.
Elpidio Quirino Being the Vice President, he took over the
(1946-1953) Presidency after Roxas’ death. And, he managed
to retain the position after winning over Laurel in
the infamous fraud-tainted 1949 elections.
His political career started with his election as a
representative of Ilocos Sur in 1919.
1925 became a Senator and re-elected in 1931.
President Quezon appointed him as secretary of
finance and then secretary of the interior in the
Commonwealth Government.
The Quirino, administration (1948 - 1953) focused
on two objectives: 1) to regain faith and confidence
in the government; and 2) to restore peace and
order which he was more successful in the second
objective – breaking the back of the Hukbalahap
Movement in Central Luzon.
During his term that the RP-US Mutual Defense
Treaty was approved on August 30, 1951.
Ramon Magsaysay He attained fame as an able guerilla leader in
(1953-1957) World War II and was subsequently named by
MacArthur as military governor of Zambales
during the liberation.
He was elected twice as a congressman after the
war.
He successfully fighting the Huks, and for being
the friend of the common tao.
10
He had Congress pass the Agricultural Tenancy
Act of 1954, providing greater protection to
tenants.
Death came to Magsaysay when his plane
crashed at Mount Pinatubo in the early morning of
March 17, 1957.
Carlos P. Garcia He presided over the eight months of Magsaysay’s
(1957-1961). remaining term and went on to win the 1957
elections, “the noisiest and the most expensive in
Philippine history.”
His election as Bohol representative to the National
Assembly in 1952 marked his entry into Philippine
politics and public service.
Garcia’s administration (1957 - 1961) was
anchored in his austerity program. It was also noted
for its Filipino First policy – an attempt to boost
economic independence.
Diosdado Macapagal In 1946, he was appointed Chief of the Legal
(1961-1965). Division of the Department of Foreign Affairs and
was eventually sent to the Philippine Embassy in
Washington as Second Secretary.
In 1949, he was elected as the congressman of the
first district of Pampanga and reelected in 1953. In
1958, he was elected as Vice President of the
Philippines.
Macapagal’s administration (1961 - 1965) is best
remembered for resetting the date of the
celebration of Philippine Independence Day – from
July 4 when the U.S. turned over the reins of
government in 1946 to the more correct date of
June 12 when Aguinaldo declared independence in
1898.
Established the first Land Reform Law, allowing
for the purchase of private farmland to be
distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the
landless
Ferdinand E. Marcos He defeated Macapagal in the 1965 presidential
(1965-1986) elections. And the two-decade era of Marcos
(1965 - 1986) began.
He was a consistent scholar, took up Law at UP,
and graduated cum laude in 1939
At 19, he was charged with the murder of a
political enemy of his father. Thrown in jail, he
reviewed for the nearing Bar examinations and
topped it. Defeated at a lower court, he argued his
own case in an appeal before the Supreme Court
and won an acquittal.
In his maiden campaign in 1949, he said: “Elect
me your congressman now and I’ll give you an
Ilokano President in 20 years.” He won that
election and was returned thrice to Congress as
Ilocos Norte’s congressman. In 1959, he was
elected to the Philippine Senate.
1963, he became its president. Completing the
presidential term in 1969, he won a re-election.
In 1972, he declared martial law. The rest is
history.
Built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and
other infrastructure than all former presidents
combined.
11
Corazon C. Aquino President from 1986 to 1992, she is associated with
(1996-2002) the EDSA Revolt.
Ninoy’s assassination in 1983 swept aside her role
as wife and catapulted her to the top position of the
country after the tumultuous events which followed
the EDSA revolution in February 1986.
Abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and
ushered in the new Constitution of the Philippines.
She refused to run for reelection in the 1992
presidential elections; but instead endorsed and
worked very hard for her chosen candidate – Fidel
V. Ramos.
Named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time
magazine
On the new 500-peso bill together with her
husband Benigno Aquino
Fidel V. Ramos He was the military hero of the February 1986
(1992-1998) Philippine People Power Revolution and victor of
the first multiparty presidential elections in 1992.
The Ramos administration has anchored its
governance on the philosophy of “People
Empowerment” as the engine to operationalize
economic growth, social equity, and national
solidarity.
Received British Knighthood from the United
Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand
Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George)
Death penalty reinstated while he was in office
Signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro
National Liberation Front.
Joseph Ehercito Estrada During his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation
Front headquarters and camps were captured.
(1998-2001)
Joined other leaders and politicians to try to
amend the 1987 Constitution
Cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in
1989
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Second female president of the country
First female vice-president of the Philippines
(2001-2010)
First president to take oath outside Luzon
Ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton
at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of
Foreign Service, where she maintained Dean’s list
status
Peso became the best-performing currency of the
year in Asia in 2007.
eVAT Law was implemented under her term.
Currently on the 200-peso bill.
Benigno Aquino III Created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy
Appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as
secretary of Interior and Local Government in
(210-2016) 2010, where Robredo served until his death in
2012
Initiated K-12 education in the Philippines
Renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to
Presidential Communications Operations Office
and appointed new officers
Suspended allowances and bonuses to
Government Owed and Controlled Corporation
and Government Financial Institution board
members
12
Oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy
in 2012
Source: “Presidents” Philippine History.org., accessed on October 15, 2020,
Retrieved from http://www.philippine-history.org/presidents.htm
“World politics” soapboxie.com accessed October 15, 2020.
Retrieved from“https://soapboxie.com/world-politics/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-
Contributions
Have you watch TV or hear some news regarding politics and governance? To
deepen your understanding about our previous readings on Evolution of Philippine
Politics and Governance, Lets Have some exercise!
13
Activity 2: Gets mo?
Directions: The following are the political history highlighted during evolution of
Philippine Politics. Align the words/historic statements in the box to the historic period
in the Philippines. Write your answer in the box.
Directions: Summarize your understanding about our topic for today by giving
historic/political events that bring impact to the community and the country.
15
Activity: Tell me more
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Activity: Let me Check your story!
Directions: Choose at least two (2) best presidents for you and explain why? Write
your answer in the space provided.
17
How much have you improved? Check your
improvement index on Answer Key.
3. Today barangay captains are head of the barangay, what was other name of
chieftains in the pre-historic times?
A. Alcalde Mayor C. Governor
B. Cabeza De Barangay D. President
4. Governors are provinces head, which of the following is the head of the province in
Spanish period?
A. Alcade Mayor C. Datu
B. Chieftains D. Governor
6. The PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT aimed Filipinos to have freedom and rights just
like the Spaniards, These key figures in the movement were Jose Rizal and Marcelo
H. del Pilar, who is missing in the group?
A. Emilio Jacinto C. Apolinario Mabini
B. Graciano Lopez Jaena D. Emilio Aguinaldo
7. The Philippine legislative body was divided into two, the upper and lower chamber,
In 1902, What Philippine Act was enacted to provide the creation of Philippine
legislature?
A. Cooper act C. Treaty of Paris
B. Jones act D. Tydings Mc Duffie
18
8. In the Second Republic of the Philippines, Japanese government ruled the country
even there was already a President, which of the following describes former
President Laurel government?
A. Cooper Republic C. Puppet Government
B. Japanese Occupation D. Republic
9. The katipuneros fought for Philippine freedom, what are the group names of
Katipuneros?
A. Magdalo and Magdiwang C. Reform and Retrench
B. Makibaka and Magdiwang D. Revolt and Revolution
10. Who was the President, best known for successfully defeating the communist led
Hukbalahap (HUK) movement, Idol of the masses, champion of democracy, and
freedom frighter?
A. Corazon Aquino C. Manuel Quezon
B. Elpidio Quirino D. Ramon Magsaysay
15. As a head of the State, his administration centerpiece program is the Philippines
2000; which aim to uplift the Philippines as a newly industrialized country by the
year 2000, who was this former president?
A. Corazon Aquino C. Fidel Ramos
B. Benigno Aquino III D. Gloria Arroyo
19
20
WHATS MORE What I know/Assessment
Activity 1
Answer may vary 1. B
Activity 2 2. A
PRE HISTORIC 3. B
-Barangay 4. A
-Maharlika 5. C
SPANISH COLOY 6. B
-Governor General 7. B
-Alcalde Mayor 8. C
PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION 9. A
-KKK 10.B
-Biak na Bato 11. C
AMERICAN WAR 12. D
-Treaty of Paris 13. B
-Cooper act 14. B
JAPANESE PERIOD 15. C
-Second Republic
-Puppet Government
POSTWAR ERA
-Manuel Roxas
-1973 contitution
/ 10 What I Know
% X 100 =
/ 10 Assessment
Your improvement index:
References
1. Website
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FEEDBACK SLIP
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yes, please specify what it was and why.
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Date Received:
Date Returned:
Teacher’s Signature:
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