JOHANNA HORLADOR BSN2B

INSTRUCTION: Answer the questions below pertaining to the respiratory and cardiovascular
systems adaptation. Write your answers on the space provided in a concise yet substantial
manner. This is a graded exercise. Each question will be graded according to the short answer
rubric.

1. Describe two factors that make it difficult for a newborn to maintain his body
temperature.
The first factor is that newborns are prone to heat loss. Since the newborn "s body mass to
body surface area ratio is substantially smaller than that of an adult. Since newborns have a
high surface area to volume ratio, they can absorb much more through dermal contact than
adults. Also, newborn skin is more permeable and more susceptible to heat loss. Also, the
amount of heat-producing tissue, such as muscle and adipose tissue, is small in relation to the
amount of skin that is exposed to the environment. The second factor is that the newborn is not
readily able to produce heat by muscle movement and shivering since they have minimal body
fat that leads them to quickly lose heat and may be unable to maintain their own temperature,
even in warm temperatures. Newborns are small and have thinner skin and their blood vessels
are close to the surface.
2. Compare and contrast pathologic and physiologic jaundice.
Here are some differences between physiologic jaundice and pathologic jaundice.
 With regard to the onset of physiologic jaundice, it occurs 36 hours or during the 2nd to 3rd day,
while in pathologic jaundice it takes place at any time or even in the first hour after birth.
 In terms of the rate of bilirubin rise in physiologic jaundice is less than 5 mg/ dl per 24 hours
while in pathologic jaundice it should be greater than 5 mg/dl per 24 hours or greater than 0.5
mg/dl/hr.
 In the peak bilirubin conc. the physiologic jaundice isup to 12mg/dl in FT NB and up to 14mg/dl
in preterm NB while in pathologic jaundice it is greater than 12 mg/dl in FT NB and greater
than 14 mg/dl in preterm NB
 In the duration of persistence the physiologic jaundice is in 8 days in FT NB and 14 days in
preterm NB while in pathologic jaundice it is greater than 1 week in FT NB and greater than 14
days in preterm NB.
 In the serum CB level the physiologic jaundice is less than 2 mg/dl at any time while in
pathologic jaundice it is greater than 2 mg/dl at any time.
 And lastly, in the cinically NB, the physiologic jaundice looks normal and not anemic. It is
considered not sick and it has normal urine and stool color. In pathologic jaundice, it looks
abnormal and anemic. It is considered sick and the abnormal color of urine and stool.

3. Discuss the characteristics of the different types of stools passed out by the newborn.
Meconium Stool - It's the first poop for the newborn. It's viscous and sticky, like tar, during the first
two or three days after delivery, and it's made up of cells and substances released into the digestive
tract during pregnancy. It's usually a dark olive green color and has no odor. It might appear in
various colors of green, brown, or yellow when diluted in amniotic fluid.

Transitional stool - The loose, yellow-green watery feces passed on the second or third day of life
are known as transitional stools. They usually arise as the mother's milk starts to flow and the
amount of lactose secreted in the breast milk increases.

Milk Stool - The appearance and consistency are similar to that of tar. The stool may become
looser and lighter in color after 48 hours. The color of breastfed infant stool is commonly mustard
yellow or yellow-green after a day or two. It may also be mushy or have little white "seeds" in it. This
is a normal color.

References:
 Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 29). Meconium. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meconium
 Vincent , MD, I. (2021, July 1). How Long Can You Expect Your Baby to Have Meconium Stools?
Verywell Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/babies-and-meconium-stools-2634635
 transitional stools. (2012). Transitional Stools.
https://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/T/transitional_stools.html#:%7E:text=Transitional%20stools%20are%
20the%20loose,secreted%20in%20the%20breast%20milk.
 Chertoff, J. (2018, October 29). Poop in Breastfed Babies: What to Expect. Healthline.
https://www.healthline.com/health/parenting/breastfed-
poop#:%7E:text=Stool%20color&text=This%20will%20be%20tar%2Dlike,.%E2%80%9D%20This%20co
lor%20is%20normal.


Short Answer Rubric

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Short answer response is Short answer response Short answer response Short answer response is
off topic or inaccurate. The answers part of the answers the prompt thoughtful, detailed, and
answer didn't include question accurately. The accurately. The answer accurate. The answer
examples to support the answer only includes cites the required includes a detailed
student's thinking. Errors in examples to support the examples to support the explanation of the required
spelling and grammar student's thinking. The student's thinking. The examples to support the
make it difficult to response sometimes response is written in student's thinking. The
understand. uses proper grammar and complete sentences with response uses proper
spelling, but errors may mostly accurate spelling spelling and grammar.
make it difficult to and grammar.
understand.