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JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Belagavi

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Modeling and Analysis Lab

Subject Code: 17MEL68
 Modeling and Analysis Lab
[AS PER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) SCHEME]
SEMESTER – VI

Assessment Exam
Course Code Credits L-T-P
SEE CIA Duration
Modeling and Analysis
17MEL68 02 1-0-2 80 20 3Hrs
Lab

CREDITS – 02
Prerequisites: Knowledge of any Modeling software, knowledge of coordinate systems and
Geometric transformations etc.

Course objectives:
The course is intended to provide basic understanding of Modeling and Analysis techniques students
with following aspects:
 To acquire basic understanding of Modeling and Analysis software
 To understand the different kinds of analysis and apply the basic principles to find out the stress
and other related parameters of bars, beams loaded with loading conditions.
 To lean to apply the basic principles to carry out dynamic analysis to know the natural
frequency of different kind of beams.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the students are able to:
 Demonstrate the basic features of an analysis package.
 Use the modern tools to formulate the problem, and able to create geometry, descritize, apply
boundary condition to solve problems of bars, truss, beams, plate to find stress with different
loading conditions.
 Demonstrate the deflection of beams subjected to point, uniformly distributed and varying
loads further to use the available results to draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.
 Analyze the given problem by applying basic principle to solve and demonstrate 1D and 2D
heat transfer with conduction and convection boundary conditions.
 Carry out dynamic analysis and finding natural frequencies for various boundary conditions
and also analyze with forcing function.

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PART – A

Study of a FEA package and modeling and stress analysis of:

1. Bars of constant cross section area, tapered cross section area and stepped bar.
2. Trusses – (Minimum 2 exercises of different types).
3. Beams – Simply supported, cantilever, beams with point load , UDL, beams with varying load etc
(Minimum 6 exercises different nature).
4. Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with a circular hole.

PART - B
1) Thermal Analysis – 1D & 2D problem with conduction and convection boundary conditions
(Minimum 4 exercises of different types)
2) Dynamic Analysis to find a) Fixed – fixed beam for natural frequency determination
b) Bar subjected to forcing function
c) Fixed – fixed beam subjected to forcing function
PART – C (only for demo and oral exam)
1) Demonstrate the use of graphics standards (IGES, STEP etc) to import the model from modeler to
solver
2) Demonstrate one example of contact analysis to learn the procedure to carry out contact analysis.
3) Demonstrate at least two different type of example to model and analyze bars or plates made from
composite material

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A first course in the Finite element method, Daryl L Logan, Thomason, Third Edition
2. Fundaments of FEM, Hutton – McGraw Hill, 2004
3. Finite Element Analysis, George R. Buchanan, Schaum Series
Scheme for Examination:
One Question from Part A - 40 Marks (10 Write up + 30)
One Question from Part B - 40 Marks (10 Write up + 30)
Viva-Voce - 20 Marks

Total 100 Marks

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Getting Started with ANSYS
Performing a Typical ANSYS Analysis
The program has many finite-element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple, linear, static
analysis to a complex, nonlinear, transient dynamic analysis. The analysis guides in the
documentation set describe specific procedures for performing analyses for different engineering
disciplines.
The process for a typical analysis involves three general tasks:
 Building the Model
 Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution
 Reviewing the Results

1.1.Building the Model

Building a finite element model requires more of your time than any other part of the analysis.
First, you specify a jobname and analysis title. Then, you use the PREP7 preprocessor to define
the element types, element real constants, material properties, and the model geometry.

1.1.1. Specifying a Jobname and Analysis Title

A jobname is not required for an analysis but is recommended.
 Defining the Jobname
 Defining an Analysis Title
 Defining Units
1.1.1.1. Defining the Jobname
The jobname is a name that identifies an analysis job. When you define a jobname for an analysis,
the jobname becomes the first part of the name of all files the analysis creates. (The extension or
suffix for these files' names is a file identifier such as .DB.) Assigning a jobname for each analysis
ensures that no files are overwritten.
If no jobname is specified, all files are named FILE. You can change the default jobname by using
the initial jobname entry option when you start the Mechanical APDL program (via
the launcher or execution command) or via the /FILNAME command.
The /FILNAME command is valid only at the Begin level. It lets you change the jobname even if
you had specified an initial jobname after starting the program. The jobname applies only to files
you open after using /FILNAME and not to files that were already open. To start new files (such
as the log file, Jobname.LOG, and error fileJobname.ERR) via /FILNAME, set the Key argument
to 1; otherwise, the files that were already open will still have the initial jobname.

1.1.1.2. Defining an Analysis Title

The /TITLE command defines a title for the analysis. The program includes the title on all graphics
displays and on the solution output. Issue the /STITLE command to add subtitles, which appear in
the output but not in graphic displays.

1.1.1.3. Defining Units

The program does not assume a system of units for your analysis. Except in magnetic field
analyses, you can use any system of units so long as you make sure that you use that system for
all the data you enter. (Units must be consistent for all input data.)

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For micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), where dimensions are on the order of microns, see
the conversion factors in System of Units in the Mechanical APDL Coupled-Field Analysis Guide.
Using the /UNITS command, you can set a marker in the database indicating the system of units
that you are using. This command does not convert data from one system of units to another; it
simply serves as a record for subsequent reviews of the analysis.

1.1.2. Defining Element Types

The element library offers many element types. Each element type has a prefix identifying the
element category and a unique ID number: PLANE182, SOLID185, BEAM188,ELBOW290, and
so on.
The element type determines:
 The degree-of-freedom set (which in turn implies the discipline - structural, thermal,
magnetic, electric, quadrilateral, brick, etc.)
 Whether the element lies in 2-D or 3-D space.
BEAM188, for example, has six structural degrees of freedom (UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY,
ROTZ), is a line element, and can be modeled in 3-D space. PLANE77 has a thermal degree of
freedom (TEMP), is an 8-node quadrilateral element, and can be modeled only in 2-D space.
You must be in PREP7, the general preprocessor, to define element types. To do so, use
the ET family of commands (ET, ETCHG, etc.). Define the element type by name and give the
element a type reference number.

Example 1.1: Defining Element Types

The following commands define two element types, BEAM188 and SHELL181, and assign them
type reference numbers 1 and 2, respectively:
ET,1,BEAM188
ET,2,SHELL181

This table of type reference number versus element name is called the element type table. While
defining the actual elements, point to the appropriate type reference number via
the TYPE command.

1.1.2.1. Key Options

Many element types have key options, or KEYOPTs, and are referred to as KEYOPT(1),
KEYOPT(2), etc. For example, KEYOPT(3) for BEAM188 sets the shape function along the
length of the beam, and KEYOPT(8) for SHELL181 specifies how layer data should be stored.
Specify KEYOPTs via the ET or KEYOPT command.

1.1.3. Creating Cross Sections

If you are building a model using beams or shells, issue the section commands
(SECTYPE, SECDATA, etc.) to define and use cross sections in your models. See Beam and Pipe
Cross Sections in the Mechanical APDL Structural Analysis Guide for information about using
BeamTool to create cross sections.
For line and area elements that require geometry data (cross-sectional area, thickness, diameter,
etc.) to be specified as sections, you can verify the input graphically via
the/ESHAPE and EPLOT commands (in that order).

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The program displays the elements as solid elements, determining the geometry from the section
shape and dimension. A rectangular cross-section is used for links.

1.1.4. Defining Element Real Constants

Element real constants are properties that depend on the element type, such as contact stiffness
and penetration. Not all element types require real constants, and different elements of the same
type may have different real constant values.
Specify real constants via the R family of commands (R, RMODIF, etc.) or their equivalent menu
paths; see the Command Reference for further information. As with element types, each set of real
constants has a reference number, and the table of reference number versus real constant set is
called the real constant table. While defining the elements, point to the appropriate real constant
reference number via the REAL command.
Following are hints for defining real constants:
 For models using multiple element types, use a separate real constant set (that is, a different
REAL reference number) for each element type. The program issues a warning message if
multiple element types reference the same real constant set. However, a single element type
may reference several real constant sets.
 To verify your real constant input, issue the RLIST and ELIST commands, with RKEY =
1. RLIST lists real constant values for all sets. The command ELIST,,,,,1 displays an
easier-to-read list that shows, for each element, the real constant labels and their values.

1.1.5. Defining Material Properties
Most element types require material properties. Depending on the application, material properties
can be linear (see Linear Material Properties) or nonlinear (see Nonlinear Material Properties).
As with element types and real constants, each set of material properties has a material reference
number. The table of material reference numbers versus material property sets is called
the material table. Within one analysis, you may have multiple material property sets (to
correspond with multiple materials used in the model). The program identifies each set with a
unique reference number.
While defining the elements, you point to the appropriate material reference number using
the MAT command.
See Material Properties for more information on the types of material properties and how to define
them.

1.1.6. Creating the Model Geometry

Once you have defined material properties, the next step in an analysis is generating a finite
element model - nodes and elements - that adequately describes the model geometry. The graphic
below shows some sample finite element models:
Figure 1.1: Sample Finite Element Models

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There are two methods to create the finite element model: solid modeling and direct generation.
With solid modeling, you describe the geometric shape of your model, then instruct the program
to automatically mesh the geometry with nodes and elements. You can control the size and shape
in the elements that the program creates. With direct generation, you "manually" define the
location of each node and the connectivity of each element. Several convenience operations, such
as copying patterns of existing nodes and elements, symmetry reflection, etc. are available.

1.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution

In this step, the SOLUTION processor defines the analysis type and analysis options, apply loads,
specify load step options, and initiate the finite element solution. You can also apply loads via the
PREP7 preprocessor.

1.2.1. Specifying the Analysis Type and Analysis Options

Specify the analysis type based on the loading conditions and the response you wish to calculate.
For example, if natural frequencies and mode shapes are to be calculated, you would choose a
modal analysis. You can perform the following analysis types in the program: static (or steady-
state), transient, harmonic, modal, spectrum, buckling, and substructuring.
Not all analysis types are valid for all disciplines. Modal analysis, for example, is not valid for a
thermal model. The analysis guides in the documentation set describe the analysis types available
for each discipline and the procedures to do those analyses.
Analysis options allow you to customize the analysis type. Typical analysis options are the method
of solution, stress stiffening on or off, and Newton-Raphson options.
To define the analysis type and analysis options, issue the ANTYPE command (Main Menu>
Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> New Analysis or Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads>
Analysis Type> Restart) and the appropriate analysis option commands
(TRNOPT, HROPT, MODOPT, NROPT, etc.). For GUI equivalents for the other commands, see
the documentation for the given command in the Command Reference.
If you are performing a static or full transient analysis, you can take advantage of the Solution
Controls dialog box to define many options for the analysis. For details about theSolution
Controls dialog box, see Solution.
You can specify either a new analysis or a restart, but a new analysis is the norm in most cases. A
multiframe restart that enables you to restart an analysis at any point is available for static and
transient (full or mode-superposition method) analyses. For more information, see Restarting an
Analysis. The various analysis guides provide more specific information about restart
requirements. You cannot change the analysis type and analysis options after the first solution.
An example input listing for a structural transient analysis is shown below. Remember that the
discipline (structural, thermal, magnetic, etc.) is implied by the element types used in the model.
ANTYPE,TRANS
TRNOPT,FULL
NLGEOM,ON
After you have defined the analysis type and analysis options, the next step is to apply loads. Some
structural analysis types require other items to be defined first, such as master degrees of freedom
and gap conditions. The Structural Analysis Guide describes these items where necessary.

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1.2.2. Applying Loads
The word loads as used in the documentation includes boundary conditions (constraints, supports,
or boundary field specifications) as well as other externally and internally applied loads. Loads are
divided into these categories:
 DOF Constraints
 Forces
 Surface Loads
 Body Loads
 Inertia Loads
 Coupled-field Loads
You can apply most of these loads either on the solid model (keypoints, lines, and areas) or the
finite element model (nodes and elements). For details about the load categories and how they can
be applied on your model, see Loading in this manual.
Two important load-related terms you need to know are load step and substep. A load step is
simply a configuration of loads for which you obtain a solution. In a structural analysis, for
example, you may apply wind loads in one load step and gravity in a second load step. Load steps
are also useful in dividing a transient load history curve into several segments.
Substeps are incremental steps taken within a load step. You use them primarily for accuracy and
convergence purposes in transient and nonlinear analyses. Substeps are also known as time steps -
steps taken over a period of time.
Note: The program uses the concept of time in transient analyses as well as static (or steady-state)
analyses. In a transient analysis, time represents actual time, in seconds, minutes, or hours. In a
static or steady-state analysis, time simply acts as a counter to identify load steps and substeps.

1.2.3. Specifying Load Step Options

Load step options are options that you can change from load step to load step, such as number of
substeps, time at the end of a load step, and output controls. Depending on the type of analysis you
are doing, load step options may or may not be required. The analysis procedures in the analysis
guide manuals describe the appropriate load step options as necessary. See Loading for a general
description of load step options.

1.2.4. Initiating the Solution

Issue the SOLVE command to initiate solution calculations. When you issue the command, the
program takes model and loading information from the database and calculates the results.
The program writes the results to the results file (Jobname.RST, Jobname.RTH,
or Jobname.RMG) and also to the database. The only difference is that only one set of results can
reside in the database at one time, while you can write all sets of results (for all substeps) to the
results file.
You can conveniently solve multiple load steps (LSSOLVE).

1.3. Reviewing the Results

After the solution has been calculated, use the postprocessors to review the results. Two
postprocessors are available: POST1 and POST26.
 Use POST1, the general postprocessor, to review results at one substep (time step) over the
entire model or selected portion of the model. The command for entering POST1

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 is /POST1, valid only at the Begin level. You can obtain contour displays, deformed
shapes, and tabular listings to review and interpret the results of the analysis. POST1 offers
many other capabilities, including error estimation, load case combinations, calculations
among results data, and path operations.
 Use POST26, the time-history postprocessor, to review results at specific points in the
model over all time steps. The command for entering POST26 is /POST26, valid only at
the Begin level. You can obtain graph plots of results data versus time (or frequency) and
tabular listings. Other POST26 capabilities include arithmetic calculations and complex
algebra.

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 PART A
SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS IN BARS
Bars of constant cross section area, tapered cross section area and stepped bar

Exercise 1: Consider the bar shown in figure below. Determine the-

1. Nodal Displacement,
2. Stress in each element, Reaction forces.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 3D finit stn 180 – ok – close.
Sections – Link – Add – Add Link Section ID (1) - ok – Section Name (Area) – link area –
22/7*50**2/4 – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2.1e5
PRXY – 0.27 – ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first point is created) – x,y,z location in
CS – 300 (x value w.r.t first point) – ok (second point is created).
Create – lines – lines – Straight line – pick 1 & 2 – ok.
Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick all – No. of element divisions
(10)
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoints – pick keypoint 1 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – All DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoints – pick keypoint 2–
apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 1500 (+ve value) – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Element table – Define table – Add –‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – LS– LS, 1 – ok.

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Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def + undeformed – ok.
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – LS1 – Elem table
item at node J – LS1 – ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def + undeformed – ok

Stepped Bars
Exercise 2: Consider the stepped bar shown in figure below. Determine the Nodal Displacement,
Stress in each element, Reaction forces.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 3D finit stn 180 – ok – close.
Sections – Link – Add – Add Link Section ID (1) - ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 900 –
Apply – Add Link Section ID (2) – ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 600 – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2e5 –
PRXY - ___ - ok, – Material – New model – Define material ID – 2 – ok – Structural – Linear –
Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 0.7e5 – PRXY - ___ - ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first point is created) – x,y,z location in
CS – 600 (x value w.r.t first point) – Apply (second point is created) – x,y,z location in CS – 1100
(x value w.r.t first point) – ok (third point is created).
Create – lines – lines – Straight line – pick 1 & 2 – pick 2 & 3 – ok.
Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick all – No. of element divisions
(10)
Mesh Attributes – Picked Lines – pick lines 1 – line attributes (Material number – 1, Element
section – 1 Area)

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Mesh Attributes – Picked Lines – pick lines 2 – line attributes (Material number – 1, Element
section – 2 Area)
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoints – pick keypoint 1 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – All DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoints – pick keypoint 3 –
apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 500 (+ve value) – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Element table – Define table – Add –‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – LS – LS, 1 – ok.

Step 8: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def + undeformed – ok.
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – LS1 – Elem table
item at node J – LS1 – ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def + undeformed – ok

Bars of Tapered Cross section Area

Exercise 3: Consider the Tapered bar shown in figure below. Determine the Nodal Displacement,
Stress in each element, Reaction forces.

E = 2 x 105 N/mm2, Area at root = 20 x 20 = 400 mm2, Area at the end = 20 x 10 = 200 mm2.
Converting Tapered bar into stepped bar
Area at the Center = (400 + 200)/2 = 300 mm2, 1st bar Area = (400+300)/2 = 350 mm2, 2nd bar
Area = (300+200)/2 = 250 mm2, Length of each bar 50mm

.
350mm2 250mm2

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Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu
File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 3D finit stn 180 – ok – close.
Sections – Link – Add – Add Link Section ID (1) - ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 350 –
Apply – Add Link Section ID (2) – ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 250 – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2e5 –
PRXY – 0.27 – ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first point is created) – x,y,z location in
CS – 50 (x value w.r.t first point) – Apply (second point is created) – x,y,z location in CS – 100 (x
value w.r.t first point) – ok (third point is created).
Create – lines – lines – Straight line – pick 1 & 2 – pick 2 & 3 – ok.
Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick all – No. of element divisions
(10)
Mesh Attributes – Picked Lines – pick lines 1 – line attributes (Material number – 1, Element
section – 1 Area)
Mesh Attributes – Picked Lines – pick lines 2 – line attributes (Material number – 1, Element
section – 2 Area)
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoints – pick keypoint 1 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – All DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoints – pick keypoint 3 –
apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 1 (+ve value) – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Element table – Define table – Add –‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – LS – LS, 1 – ok.

Step 8: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def + undeformed – ok.
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – LS1 – Elem table
item at node J – LS1 – ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def + undeformed – ok.

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TRUSSES
Exercise 4: Consider the four bar truss shown in figure. For the given data, find Stress in each
element, Reaction forces, Nodal displacement. E = 210 GPa, A = 0.1 m2.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 3D finit stn 180 – ok – close.
Sections – Link – Add – Add Link Section ID (1) - ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 0.1 –
ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoint – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 4 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (second keypoint is created) – x,y,z location in CS
– 4, 3 (x, y value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (third keypoint is created) – 0, 3 (x, y value w.r.t first
keypoint) – ok (fourth keypoint is created).
Create – Lines – lines – Straight line – pick 1 & 2 – pick 2 & 3 – pick 3 & 1 – pick 3 & 4 – ok
(lines are created through keypoints).
Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick individual lines – No. of element
divisions (1). (Divide all the lines into No. of Element Divisions separately).
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 1 & 4 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – All DOF – ok – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 2 – apply – DOFs
to be constrained – UY – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 2 –
apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 2000 (+ve value) – ok – Structural –
Force/Moment – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 3 – apply – direction of Force/Moment – FY –
Force/Moment value – -2500 (-ve value) – ok.

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Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – LS – LS, 1 – ok.

Step 8: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – LS1 – Elem table
item at node J – LS1 – ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Nodal solution – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed
with the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed – ok.

Exercise 5: For the given data, find internal stresses developed, Nodal displacement in the planar
truss shown in figure when a vertically downward load of 10000 N is applied as shown.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok

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Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 3D finit stn 180 – ok – close.
Sections – Link – Add – Add Link Section ID (1) - ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 200 –
Apply – Add Link Section ID (2) – ok – Section Name (Area) – link area – 100 – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2e5 –
PRXY – 0.27 – ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoint – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 1000 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (second keypoint is created) – x,y,z location in
CS – 500, 500 (x, y value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (third keypoint is created) – 2000, 1000 (x,
y value w.r.t first keypoint) – ok (fourth keypoint is created).
Create – Lines – lines – Straight line – pick 1 & 3 – pick 2 & 3 – pick 3 & 4 – pick 2 & 4 – ok
(lines are created through keypoints).
Meshing – Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick lines 1,2 – ok – No. of element
divisions (1) – picked lines – pick lines 3,4 – ok – No. of element divisions (15).
Mesh Attributes – Picked Lines – pick lines 1, 2 – line attributes (Material number – 1, Element
section – 1 Area)
Mesh Attributes – Picked Lines – pick lines 3, 4 – line attributes (Material number – 1, Element
section – 2 Area)
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 1 & 2 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – All DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 4 –
apply – direction of Force/Moment – FY – Force/Moment value – -10000 (-ve value) – ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – LS – LS,1 – ok.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – LS1 – Elem table
item at node J – LS1 – ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Nodal solution – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok.

15
BEAMS
1. Simply Supported Beam
Exercise 6: Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find
the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of
210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok – close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– PRXY – 0.27 – ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 2 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (second keypoint is created) – 4 (x value w.r.t first
keypoint) – ok (third keypoint is created).
Create – Lines – Lines – Straight line – pick 1, 2 – pick 2, 3 – ok.
Meshing - Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick lines 1 &2 – No. of element
divisions (10) – ok.
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick node 1 & 3 – apply
– DOFs to be constrained – UY – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoint – pick node 2 – apply –
direction of For/Mom – FY – Force/Moment value – -20000 (-ve value) – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot Results – Contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.

16
Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC,
3 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 16 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC –
SMISC, 6 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 19 – ok – close.

NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for Bending
Moment Diagram uses the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 6 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 19– ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 3 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.

2. Cantilever Beam
Exercise7: Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find
the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of
210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok- close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– PRXY – 0.27 –ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 5 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – ok. (second keypoint is created)
Create – Lines – Lines – Straight line – pick 1, 2 – ok.
Meshing - Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick lines 1– No. of element divisions
(10) – ok.

17
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 1 – apply
– DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 2 –
apply – direction of For/Mom – FY – Force/Moment value - -10000 (-ve value) – ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot Results – Contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC,
3 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 16 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC –
SMISC, 6 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 19 – ok – close.

NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for Bending
Moment Diagram uses the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 6 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 19– ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 3 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.

3. Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly distributed load.

Exercise 8: Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find
the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of 210
GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

18
Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences
select – STRUCTURAL - ok

Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok- close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– PRXY – 0.27 –ok – close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 4 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (second keypoint is created) – 6 (x value w.r.t first
keypoint) – ok (third keypoint is created).
Create – Lines – Lines – Straight line – pick 1, 2 – pick 2, 3 – ok.
Meshing - Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick lines 1 &2 – No. of element
divisions (10) – ok.
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 1 & 3 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – UY – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Pressure – on Beams – pick all elements between
nodes 1 & 2 – apply – pressure value at node I – 12000 – pressure value at node J – 12000 – ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot Results – Contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC,
3 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 16 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC –
SMISC, 6 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 19 – ok – close.

NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for Bending
Moment Diagram uses the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 6 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 19– ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 3 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed
with the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.

19
4. Beam with angular loads, one end hinged and at the other end roller support.
Exercise 9: Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find
the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of 210
GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok – close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– PRXY – 0.27 –ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Nodes – In Active CS – Apply (first node is created) – x,y,z location in CS
– 1 (x value w.r.t first node) – apply (second node is created) – 2 (x value w.r.t first node) –
apply (third node is created) – 3 (x value w.r.t first node) – apply (forth node is created) – 4 (x
value w.r.t first node) – ok (fifth node is created).
Create – Elements – Auto numbered – Thru Nodes – pick 1 & 2 – apply – pick 2 & 3 – apply –
pick 3 & 4 – apply – pick 4 & 5 – ok (elements are created through nodes).
Create – Nodes – Rotate nodes CS – by angles – pick node 2 – apply – about nodal z-axis – 60 –
apply – pick node 3 – apply about nodal z- axis – 45 – apply – pick node 4 – apply – about nodal
z – axis – 30 – ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Nodes- pick node 1 – apply –
DOFs to be constrained – UX & UY – apply – pick node 5 – apply – DOFs to be constrained –
UY – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Nodes- pick node 2 – apply –
direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value - -100 (-ve value) – apply – pick node 3 – apply
– direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value - -200 (-ve value) – apply – pick node 4 –
apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value - -300 (-ve value) – ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

20
Step 7: General Post Processor
Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot Results – Contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC,
3 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 16 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC –
SMISC, 6 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 19 – ok – close.

NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for Bending
Moment Diagram uses the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 6 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 19– ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 3 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.

5. Beam with moment and overhung

Exercise 10: Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and
find the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of
210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok – close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.

21
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– PRXY – 0.27 –ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 2 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (second keypoint is created) – 4 (x value w.r.t first
keypoint) – apply (third keypoint is created) – 6 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (fourth
keypoint is created) – 7 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – ok (fifth keypoint is created)
Create – Lines – Lines – Straight line – pick 1, 2 – pick 2, 3 – pick 3,4 – pick 4, 5 – ok.
Meshing - Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick lines 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 – No. of
element divisions (10) – ok.
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick node 1 & 4 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – UY – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 2 –
apply –direction of For/Mom – MZ – Force/Moment value - 12000 (anticlockwise, +ve value) –
apply – pick keypoint 3 – apply – direction of For/Mom – FY – Force/Moment value - -6000 (-ve
value) –apply – pick keypoint 5 – apply – direction of For/Mom – FY – Force/Moment value - -
6000 (-ve value) – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot Results – Contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC,
3 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 16 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC –
SMISC, 6 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 19 – ok – close.

NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for Bending
Moment Diagram uses the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 6 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 19– ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 3 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed with
the node numbers).

Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.

22
6. Simply Supported Beam with Uniformly varying load.
Exercise 11: Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and
find the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of
210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.
Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences
select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok – close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 210e9
– PRXY – 0.27 –ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – In Active CS – Apply (first keypoint is created) – x,y,z location
in CS – 3 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – apply (second keypoint is created) – 4.5 (x value w.r.t
first keypoint) – apply (third keypoint is created) – 6 (x value w.r.t first keypoint) – ok (fourth
keypoint is created)
Create – Lines – Lines – Straight line – pick 1, 2 – pick 2, 3 – pick 3,4 – ok.
Meshing - Size Cntrls – Manual Size – lines – picked lines – pick lines 1, 2, 3 & 4 – No. of element
divisions (10) – ok.
Mesh Tool – Mesh – lines – pick all.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Keypoint – pick keypoint 1 & 4 –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – UY – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Pressure – on Beams – pick element between nodes 1
& 2 – apply – pressure value at node I – 0 (value) – pressure value at node J – 40000 – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Nodes- pick node 3 – apply –
direction of For/Mom – FY – Force/Moment value - -80000 (-ve value) – ok.

23
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot Results – Contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solution – displacement vector sum – ok.
Element table – Define table – Add – ‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC,
3 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 16 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC –
SMISC, 6 – apply, By Sequence num – SMISC – SMISC, 19 – ok – close.

NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for Bending
Moment Diagram uses the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 6 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 19– ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I – SMISC, 3 – Elem
table item at node J – SMISC, 16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be displayed).
List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces will be
displayed with the node numbers).
List Results – Nodal loads – items to be listed – All items – ok (Nodal loads will be displayed
with the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.

24
Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with a circular hole
****For 2D and 3D problems, after the geometry has been created meshing is to be done
(elements/ nodes are created) ****
Exercise 12: In the plate with a hole under plane stress, find deformed shape of the hole and
determine the maximum stress distribution alond A-B (you may use t = 1 mm). E = 210GPa, t = 1
mm, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Dia of the circle = 10 mm, Analysis assumption – plane stress with
thickness is used.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 4 node 42 – ok – option – element behavior
K3 – Plane stress with thickness – ok – close.
Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no – 1 – Thickness – 1 – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2.1e5 –
PRXY – 0.3 – ok – close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Area – Rectangle – by dimensions – X1, X2, Y1, Y2 – 0, 60, 0, 40 – ok.
Create – Area – Circle – solid circle – X, Y, radius – 30, 20, 5 – ok.
Operate – Booleans – Subtract – Areas – pick area which is not to be deleted (rectangle) – apply
– pick area which is to be deleted (circle) – ok.
Meshing – Mesh Tool – Mesh Areas – Quad – Free – Mesh – pick all – ok. Mesh Tool – Refine –
pick all – Level of refinement – 3 – ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor

25
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Nodes – select box – drag the left
side of the area – apply – DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Nodes – select box – drag the
right side of the area – apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 2000 (+ve
value) – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
Plot results – contour plot – Element solu – Stress – Von Mises Stress – ok (the stress distribution
diagram will be displayed).
Step 8: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok.

26
 PART B
THERMAL ANALYSIS
Exercise 13: Solve the 2-D heat conduction problem for the temperature distribution within the
rectangular plate. Thermal conductivity of the plate, KXX=401 W/(m-K).

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – THERMAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 4 node 55 – ok – option – element behavior
K3 – Plane stress with thickness – ok – close.
Real Constant – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – ok – Thickness 1 – ok – close.
Material Properties – material models – Thermal – Conductivity – Isotropic – KXX – 401.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Area – Rectangle – by dimensions – X1, X2, Y1, Y2 – 0, 10, 0, 20 – ok.
Meshing – Mesh Tool – Mesh Areas – Quad – Free – Mesh – pick all – ok.
Mesh Tool – Refine – pick all – Level of refinement – 3 – ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Temperature – on Lines – select 1000 C lines – apply
– DOFs to be constrained – TEMP – Temp value – 1000 C – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Temperature – on Lines – select 1000 C lines – apply
– DOFs to be constrained – TEMP – Temp value – 2000 C – ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot results – contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solu – Nodal Temperature –– ok

27
Step 8: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF Solution – Temperature – ok

Exercise 14: Compute the temperature distribution in a long steel cylinder with inner radius of 125 mm and outer

radius of 250 mm. The interior of the cylinder is kept at 3000 K and heat lost on the exterior by convection to a fluid

whose temperature is 2800 K. The convection heat transfer coefficient h is 0.994 W/m2 0K and the thermal conductivity

for steel k is 0.031 W/m 0K.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – THERMAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 8 node 77 – ok – option – element behavior
K3 – Plane thickness – ok – close.
Real Constant – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – ok – Thickness 1 – ok – close.
Material Properties – material models – Thermal – Conductivity – Isotropic – KXX – 0.031.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Areas – Circle – Solid Circle – X 0, Y 0, Radius 250 – ok
Create – Areas – Circle – Solid Circle – X 0, Y 0, Radius 125 – ok.
Operate – Booleans – Subtract – Areas – Select larger circle – ok – ok – select smaller circle –
next – ok – ok.
Meshing – Mesh Tool – Mesh Areas – Quad – Free – Mesh – pick all – ok.
Mesh Tool – Refine – pick all – Level of refinement – 3 – ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Temperature – on Lines – select inner circle – apply –
DOFs to be constrained – TEMP – Temp value – 300° C – ok.

28
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Convection – on Lines – select outer circle – apply –
Film Co-efficient 0.994 – Bulk Temperature 280 – ok
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot results – contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solu – Nodal Temperature –– ok
List Results – Nodal Solu – Select Temperature – ok

Step 8: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF Solution – Temperature – ok

Exercise 15: A body having rectangular cross section is subjected to boundary conditions as
shown in figure 6.36. The thermal conductivity of the body is 1.5 W/m 0C. On one side of the body
it is insulated and on the other side convection takes place with h = 50 W/m 2-0C and T∞=35 0C.
The top and bottom sides are maintained at a uniform temperature of 180 0C. Determine the
temperature distribution in the body.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – THERMAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 8 node 77 – ok – option – element behavior
K3 – Plane thickness – ok – close.
Real Constant – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – ok – Thickness 0.1 – ok – close.
Material Properties – material models – Thermal – Conductivity – Isotropic – KXX – 1.5.

29
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Area – Rectangle – by dimensions – X1, X2, Y1, Y2 – 0, 0.5, 0, 0.7 – ok.
Meshing – Mesh Tool – Mesh Areas – Quad – Free – Mesh – pick all – ok.
Mesh Tool – Refine – pick all – Level of refinement – 3 – ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Temperature – on Lines – select top and bottom edge –
apply – DOFs to be constrained – TEMP – Temp value – 180° C – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Convection – on Lines – select left edge – apply – Film
Co-efficient 50 – Bulk Temperature 35 – ok
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Heat Flux – on Lines – select left edge – apply – Heat
flux (VALI) 0 – ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot results – contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solu – Nodal Temperature –– ok
List Results – Nodal Solu – Select Temperature – ok

Step 8: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF Solution – Temperature – ok

Exercise 16: Determine the Thermal flux & Temperature distribution of a plane wall mixed
boundary conditions. K = 10W/m °C, h = 10W/m2 °C (right edge)

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – THERMAL - ok

Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 8 node 77 – ok – option – element behavior
K3 – Plane thickness – ok – close.

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Real Constant – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – ok – Thickness 0.1 – ok – close.
Material Properties – material models – Thermal – Conductivity – Isotropic – KXX – 10.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Area – Rectangle – by dimensions – X1, X2, Y1, Y2 – 0, 1, 0, 2 – ok.
Meshing – Mesh Tool – Mesh Areas – Quad – Free – Mesh – pick all – ok.
Mesh Tool – Refine – pick all – Level of refinement – 3 – ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Temperature – on Lines – select top edge – apply –
DOFs to be constrained – TEMP – Temp value – 400° C – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Convection – on Lines – select left edge – apply – Film
Co-efficient 10 – Bulk Temperature 100 – ok
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Heat Flux – on Lines – select left edge – apply – Heat
flux (VALI) 25 – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Thermal – Heat Genert – on Areas – Select Area – Load HGEN
value 10 – ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot results – contour plot – Nodal solu – DOF solu – Nodal Temperature –– ok
List Results – Nodal Solu – Select Temperature – ok

Step 8: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF Solution – Temperature – ok

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Exercise 17: Modal Analysis of Cantilever beam for natural frequency determination.
Modulus of elasticity = 200GPa, Density = 7800 Kg/m3

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok- close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.1, H – 0.1) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 200e9
– PRXY – 0.27 – Density – 7800 – ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – in Active CS – x,y,z locations – 0,0 – apply – x,y,z locations –
1,0 – ok (Keypoints created).
Create – Lines – lines – in Active Coord – pick keypoints 1 and 2 – ok.
Meshing – Size Cntrls – ManualSize – Lines – All Lines – element edge length – 0.1 – ok.
Mesh – Lines – Pick All – ok.
Step 5: Solution
Solution – Analysis Type – New Analysis – Modal – ok.
Solution – Analysis Type – Subspace – Analysis options – no of modes to extract – 5 – no of
modes to expand – 5 – ok – (use default values) – ok.
Solution – Define Loads – Apply – Structural – Displacement – On Keypoints – Pick first keypoint
– apply – DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF – ok.
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Result Summary

Step 8: General Post Processor

Read Results – First Set
Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok.
Read Results – Next Set
Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok.

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Fixed- fixed beam subjected to forcing function
Exercise 18: Conduct a harmonic forced response test by applying a cyclic load (harmonic) at the
end of the beam. The frequency of the load will be varied from 1 - 100 Hz. Modulus of elasticity
= 200GPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Density = 7800 Kg/m3.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – BEAM – 3D finite strain – ok- close.
Sections – Beam – Common Sections – Beam Tool (ID – 1, Name – Rectangle, sub-type –
Required c/s, B – 0.2, H – 0.3) – Preview – apply – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 200e9
– PRXY – 0.3 – Density – 7800 – ok.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – in Active CS – x,y,z locations – 0,0 – apply – x,y,z locations –
1,0 – ok (Keypoints created).
Create – Lines – lines – in Active Coord – pick keypoints 1 and 2 – ok.
Meshing – Size Cntrls – ManualSize – Lines – All Lines – element edge length – 0.1 – ok. Mesh
– Lines – Pick All – ok.

Step 5: Solution
Solution – Analysis Type – New Analysis – Harmonic – ok.
Solution – Analysis Type – Subspace – Analysis options – Solution method – FULL – DOF
printout format – Real + imaginary – ok – (use default values) – ok.
Solution – Define Loads – Apply – Structural – Displacement – On Keypoints – Pick first keypoint
– apply – DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF – ok.
Solution – Define Loads – Apply – Structural – Force/Moment – On Keypoints – Pick second
node – apply – direction of force/mom – FY – Real part of force/mom – 100 – imaginary part of
force/mom – 0 – ok.
Solution – Load Step Opts – Time/Frequency – Freq and Substps... – Harmonic frequency range
– 0 – 100 – number of substeps – 100 – B.C – stepped – ok.
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 6: TimeHist Postpro

Select ‘Add’ (the green '+' sign in the upper left corner) from this window – Nodal solution -
DOF solution – Y component of Displacement – ok. Graphically select node 2 – ok.
Select ‘List Data’ (3 buttons to the left of 'Add') from the window.

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'Time History Variables' window click the 'Plot' button, (2 buttons to the left of 'Add')
Step 7: Utility Menu – PlotCtrls – Style – Graphs – Modify Axis – Y axis scale – Logarithmic –
ok. Utility Menu – Plot – Replot.
This is the response at node 2 for the cyclic load applied at this node from 0 - 100 Hz.

Bar subjected to forcing function

Exercise 19: Consider the bar shown in figure below. Conduct a harmonic forced response test by
applying a cyclic load (harmonic) at the end of the bar. The frequency of the load will be varied
from 1 - 100 Hz. Modulus of elasticity = 200GPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Density = 7800 Kg/m 3.

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File – clear and start new – do not read file – ok – yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu – Preferences

select – STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 3D finit stn 180 – ok – close.
Sections – Link – Add – Add Link Section ID (1) - ok – Section Name (Area) – link area –
22/7*50**2/4 – ok.
Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2.1e5 –
PRXY – 0.27 – Density – 7.8e-6 – ok – close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Keypoints – in Active CS – x,y,z locations – 0,0 – apply – x,y,z locations –
300,0 – ok (Keypoints created).
Create – Lines – lines – in Active Coord – pick keypoints 1 and 2 – ok.
Meshing – Size Cntrls – ManualSize – Lines – All Lines – element edge length – 0.1 – ok. Mesh
– Lines – Pick All – ok.

Step 5: Solution
Solution – Analysis Type – New Analysis – Harmonic – ok.
Solution – Analysis Type – Subspace – Analysis options – Solution method – FULL – DOF
printout format – Real + imaginary – ok – (use default values) – ok.
Solution – Define Loads – Apply – Structural – Displacement – On Keypoints – Pick first keypoint
– apply – DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF – ok.

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Solution – Define Loads – Apply – Structural – Force/Moment – On Keypoints – Pick second
node – apply – direction of force/mom – FY – Real part of force/mom – 1500 – imaginary part of
force/mom – 0 – ok.
Solution – Load Step Opts – Time/Frequency – Freq and Substps... – Harmonic frequency range
– 0 – 100 – number of substeps – 100 – B.C – stepped – ok.
Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

Step 6: TimeHist Postpro

Select ‘Add’ (the green '+' sign in the upper left corner) from this window – Nodal solution -
DOF solution – Y component of Displacement – ok. Graphically select node 2 – ok.
Select ‘List Data’ (3 buttons to the left of 'Add') from the window.
'Time History Variables' window click the 'Plot' button, (2 buttons to the left of 'Add')
Step 7: Utility Menu – PlotCtrls – Style – Graphs – Modify Axis – Y axis scale – Logarithmic –
ok. Utility Menu – Plot – Replot.
This is the response at node 2 for the cyclic load applied at this node from 0 - 100 Hz.

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