1

Seminar 2

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

STATE AND POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE UK.

Plan

8. Devolved Government.
(what is devolved government? What are the functions of - Scottish Parliament, -
The Welsh Assembly, - The Northern Ireland Assembly, has they got tax-raising
powers?)
What is a devolved government?
Devolved government is government which is devolved, either wholly or partially,
from state level to a more local level. However, unlike in a federal system, such
devolved administrations exist in statute, not constitutional law, and can have their
powers broadened or narrowed, or can even be abolished, by an act of the
legislature. In contrast, regional administrations in federal systems have a
constitutionally guaranteed right to exist with constitutionally defined powers.
Two of the UK's parliaments - Holyrood in Scotland and the Senedd in Wales - will be
holding elections on Thursday 6 May.
But what powers do national parliaments have, and how do different parts of the UK
work?
What is devolution?
For many years England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were run by the UK
government, based in Westminster in London.
IMAGE SOURCE,GETTY IMAGES
But in a process called devolution, some powers were passed from Westminster to
elected bodies in Cardiff, Belfast and Edinburgh.
Public votes about devolution were held in 1997 in Scotland and Wales, and in both
parts of Ireland in 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement.
This led to the creation of new elected institutions: the Scottish Parliament, the National
Assembly for Wales (now called the Senedd) and the Northern Ireland Assembly.
 JOHNSON 'CALLED SCOTTISH DEVOLUTION A DISASTER'
What powers does the UK government still have?
The UK government in Westminster remains responsible for policy for England, and
overall policy in a number of areas.
These include defence and national security, foreign policy, immigration, citizenship and
tax - though Scotland has its own powers to raise and lower income tax.
How does devolution work in Scotland?
The Scottish Parliament sits at Holyrood in Edinburgh. There are 129 elected Members
of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs).
IMAGE SOURCE,ADAM ELDER
Scotland already had its own legal and education system. After devolution, it has
become responsible for many areas, including:
 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
 EDUCATION
 2
 ENVIRONMENT
 HEALTH
 HOUSING
 JUSTICE, POLICING AND COURTS
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 SOME TRANSPORT
 TAXES INCLUDING INCOME TAX, STAMP DUTY AND AIR PASSENGER DUTY
 SOME WELFARE POWERS

Its powers were extended in 2012, and again after the 2014 referendum on whether
Scotland should become independent.
The Scottish National Party (SNP), which has formed the Scottish government at
Holyrood since 2007, continues to argue for full independence.
The SNP has also called for more devolved power following the UK's departure from the
EU.
How does devolution work in Wales?
Since May 2020, the National Assembly of Wales has been known as the Senedd
Cymru (Welsh Parliament). It meets in Cardiff Bay, and is made up of 60 elected
Members of the Senedd (MS).
IMAGE SOURCE,PA
The Senedd's responsibilities include:
 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
 EDUCATION
 ENVIRONMENT
 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
 HOUSING
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 HIGHWAYS AND TRANSPORT
 SOME CONTROL OVER INCOME TAX, STAMP DUTY AND LANDFILL TAX
 WELSH LANGUAGE

How does devolution work in Northern Ireland?

The Northern Ireland Assembly sits at Stormont in Belfast. There are 90 elected
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs).

Devolution in Northern Ireland is different to Scotland and Wales, with government

powers divided into three categories:
 TRANSFERRED POWERS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE NORTHERN IRELAND
ASSEMBLY
 RESERVED POWERS REMAIN WITH WESTMINSTER, BUT COULD BE
TRANSFERRED IN THE FUTURE IF THE NORTHERN IRELAND EXECUTIVE WANTS
THEM. THESE INCLUDE PRISONS AND CIVIL DEFENCE
 EXCEPTED POWERS CANNOT BE MOVED TO STORMONT WITHOUT SPECIAL
LAWS BEING MADE IN WESTMINSTER. THEY INCLUDE ELECTIONS AND NATIONAL
DEFENCE

The main powers of Stormont include:

 3
 AGRICULTURE
 EDUCATION
 ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING
 HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 JUSTICE, POLICING AND PRISONS
 CONTROL OVER AIR PASSENGER DUTY
 TRANSPORT
 CULTURE, LANGUAGE AND SPORT

In addition, the power-sharing agreement between the nationalist and unionist

communities in Northern Ireland is vital.
The First Minister and Deputy First Minister jointly lead the government - one
representing each of the two largest parties in power, in a mandatory coalition. Despite
different job titles, they have the same powers.
Northern Ireland's government was dissolved for three years after relations broke down
between the governing parties - the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Féin - in
January 2017.
But in January 2020, the two parties re-entered the devolved government after agreeing
to work together again, alongside three smaller parties - the Ulster Unionists, SDLP and
Alliance.
 WHAT IS STORMONT AND WHY DOES IT MATTER?
What powers do mayors have in England?
Over the past 20 years, more powers have been given to local and regional mayors in
areas like transport and housing.
The first was the mayor of London. The position was created, alongside the London
Assembly, after a referendum in 1998.

IMAGE CAPTIONTHE MAYOR OF LONDON AND THE LONDON ASSEMBLY ARE

BASED AT CITY HALL, ON THE SOUTH BANK OF THE THAMES
The London mayor decides how much money to spend and sets priorities in some key
areas.
For example, the mayor can set bus and Tube fares, and decide targets for the number
of affordable homes.
Mayors in other parts of the country were added following referendums held in 2002 and
2012. They have different powers depending on the areas they represent.
In Greater Manchester, for example, the mayor's powers extend to social care,
children's services and housing.

Тут больше об их функциях и о бюджете идет разговор

Legislative functions

Parliament to gather at the Westminster Palace.

The Parliament of the Awarded Kingdom may establish laws by its acts. Acts of
action in the entire territory of the kingdom, including Scotland, and even Oskilki
Scotland has its own legislative system (so the title of Scottish law, or Scots law
[en]), there are a lot of acts not in Scotland and in the case of such women For (z
1999) laws passed by the Parliament of Scotland.
 4

The new law, in its chornov_ form, is called a bill, it can be a proponent of being a
member of the upper or lower chamber. Call the bill to be brought to the agreement
by the king's ministers. The bill, made by the minister, is called the "Government
Bill", and the contributions by the most important member of the chamber are
called "Private Member's Bill". Billy also sells for the wicked. A large part of the
billiards, which is part of the entire suspension, is called "Public Bills". Bill, which
gives special rights to private individuals or small groups of people, are called
"Private Bills". The private bill, which is common for the widest prospers of the
suspension, is called "Hybrid Bill".

The bills of private members of the chamber store less than one-eighth of the total
number of bills, and the number of bills taken from them, but not from ordinary
bills, only an hour to negotiate such bills is heavily encumbered. A member of
parliament has three ways to submit his own bill as a private member of the
chamber.

The first way is to add it to the vote before the list of bills, to be propounded for
discussion. Let the list be entered close to a number of bills, then vote for a number
of bills, and twenty bills, scored the most number of votes, get an hour to
negotiate.
Another way is the “rule of ten quills”. According to the rule, the members of the
parliament will receive ten quills in order to propose their bill. As soon as the
chamber waits to accept it for discussion, it is necessary to go over to the first
reading, and the bill is to be adopted.
The third way is to formally introduce the bill before the list for negotiation,
having outstripped the speaker for a day, according to order 57. Such bills will be
accepted.
Great concern for the draft laws is "parliamentary flotation", if the opponents of
the draft law procrastinate for an hour, so that they want to finish what was
introduced at the hour of discussion. Bills of private members of the chamber do
not have a chance to be accepted, as a prototype of the order, ale the smell is
introduced, to improve the nutrition of morality. Legislation on the legalization of
homosexuals, or abortions, bullets of private members of the chamber. A series of
bills of private members of the chamber may be victorious in order to accept
unpopular laws, for those who do not want to be associated. Such bills are called
"handouts" bills.

Kozhen bill to pass decilka stages of negotiation. The first reading is pure
formality. The other person reads to discuss the principle of the bill. At the other,
the reading chamber can vote for the adoption of the bill (having read the words
"That the Bill be now read a second time"), albeit seeing the standard bills see the
edge of the bill.
 5
For another read, the bill is submitted to the committee. The Chamber of Lords has
a committee of the entire chamber, or a great committee. The offense of stinks
arises from the members of the chamber, but the great committee for a special
procedure and vikoristovuyutsya deprivation for unprotected bills. The House of
Communities has a bill, call it, be transferred to the ruling committee, which will
be composed of 16-50 members of the chamber, but for important laws the
committee of the entire chamber will be victorious. The decile of the other types of
committees, such as a vibrating committee, can be used in practice. The committee
will review the draft law article by article, and additional amendments to the entire
chamber, deduce further discussion of details. Pristiy, how to be called a kangaroo
(Chinniy Nakaz 31) allows the speaker to pick off amendments for discussion.
Zazvychay, pristіy prіtіy vikoristovuatsya with the head of the committee for
intercourse discussion with the committee.

After that, the chamber looked at the bill, and then the third reading. The House of
Communities no longer makes amendments, and the adoption of the proposition
"That the Bill be now read a third time" means the adoption of the entire bill.
However, amendments can be made by the House of Lords. After the passage of
the third reading, the House of Lords is guilty of voting for the proposition "That
the Bill do now pass". Pislya passage in one chamber, the bill is passed to another
chamber. It was accepted by both chambers at one and the same editorial board,
and there could be presentations to the Sovereign for approval. Well, one chamber
will not wait for the amendments of the other, and the stench cannot settle its
supernaturalities, the bill will fail.

The Parliamentary Act of 1911 surrounded the House of Lords with a new
emphasis on the legislation passed by the House of Communities. Bridged nya
bulo was enforced by the Parliamentary Act of 1949 to fate. According to the
previous act, the House of Communities adopted the bill at two last sessions, and
the offense was announced by the House of Lords, the House of Communities can
send the bill to the approval of the House of Sovereigns, inviting The bill will be
accepted by the Chamber of Communities for a month before the end of the
session. The decree didn’t go down to the bills projected by the House of Lords,
bills meant to promote the terms of robotics to the parliament, and to private bills.
The procedure is special for bills announced by the Speaker of the Chamber of
Communities by “Money Bills”. A penny bill to be deprived of food taxes or
sovereign pennies. As the House of Lords does not accept a penny bill by
extending one month to receive it by the House of Communities, the lower house
can send it to the consolidated Sovereign.

Navigate to the acceptance of Parliamentary acts, the House of Communities has

taken over more power from financial resources. The House of Lords cannot
introduce bills for the old age, or pay tribute to the budget, or make amendments,
or pay tribute to the budget. The House of Communities can provide the House of
Lords with a view of financial food in order to allow the House of Lords to accept
 6
amendments, so that financial food can be taken into account. The House of Lords
may be able to approve the bills, as well as the budget and the tributes, if it would
be easy for the person to get around the "penny bill" category.

The last stage of the adoption of the bill is the rejection of the Korolivskoy zgody.
Theoretically, the Sovereign can give a year (tobto, to pass the law) or not to give
it (tobto, veto the bill). For the occasional declaration, the Sovereign will receive
the laws. Remaining vidmova date of the year became at 1708 rotsi, if Queen Anne
did not approve the bill "on the establishment of the Scottish militia."

The bill, the first of the law, will annul all three parts of the Parliament. In this
rank, all laws are established by the Sovereign for the Palace of Lords and the
House of Communities. All parliamentary acts are honored from the word “BE IT
ENACTED by the Queen's [King's] most Excellent Majesty, by and with the
advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this
present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same , as follows ".