Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021

Example on chapter-2
#1. Given
0.85𝑓 𝑐𝑘 0.85∗20
• 400mm*400mm 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 11.33
𝛾𝑠 1.5
𝑓𝑦𝑘 300
• Pd =2400kN 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 260.87
𝛾𝑠
• Short
• C-25
• S-300
• A st=?
Pd =Ac fcd +Ast fyd =(Ag -Ast )fcd +Ast fyd

=Ag fcd -Ast fcd +Ast fyd =Ag fcd +Ast (fyd -fcd )

Pd -A g fcd 2400*103 N-4002 *11.33

Ast = = =2353.13mm2
fyd -fcd 260.87-11.33
2353 .13
If we use ϕ20, 𝑛 = = 7.494 ≈ 8, A stprov = 2512𝑚𝑚2
314

2353 .13
If we use ϕ24, 𝑛 = = 5.23 ≈ 6, Astprov = 2700𝑚𝑚2
452

Choose 8 ϕ20
0.1𝑃𝑑 0.1 ∗ 2400 ∗ 1000𝑁
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 919.998𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑟 0.002Ag = 0.002(4002 ) = 320
𝑓𝑦𝑑 260.87

Choose 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 919.998𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04Ag = 0.04 ∗ 4002 = 6400𝑚𝑚2

919.998𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 2512𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 6400𝑚𝑚2 … … … … … … … … 𝑂𝑘!

20
=5
∅𝑠 = { 4
6
Choose ϕ6
20 ∗ 20 = 400𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = { 400𝑚𝑚
400𝑚𝑚
Choose ϕ6 c/c 400mm
But around slab and lap location (0.6*400mm=240mm)
Choose ϕ6 c/c 240mm

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 1

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021

#2. Given
✓ Pd=1500kN
✓ C-25 and S-300
Design column
a) If l=4m, both end fixed.
b) If l=5m, both end pinned.
Solution
✓ Fcd=11.33Mpa and fyd=260.87Mpa
Slenderness ratio
𝐿𝑒
𝜆= 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐿 𝑒 = 𝑘𝐿, 𝑘 = 0.5
𝑖
𝐿 𝑒 = 0.5 ∗ (4000𝑚𝑚) = 2000𝑚𝑚

By assuming the column as short determine areas

𝜌 = 0.015(𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑)

Pd =Ac fcd +Ast fyd =(Ag -Ast )fcd +Ast fyd

Pd 1500 ∗ 1000𝑁
Ag = = = 99,493.574𝑚𝑚2
(1 − 𝜌)fcd + 𝜌fyd (1 − 0.015) ∗ 11.33 + 0.015 ∗ 260.87

Considering square column

𝑏 = ℎ = √99,493.574𝑚𝑚2 = 315.43𝑚𝑚, … … … … 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 320𝑚𝑚

3204
𝐼
𝑖 = √ = √ ( 12 2 ) = 92.376𝑚𝑚
𝐴 320

𝐿𝑒 2000𝑚𝑚
𝜆= = = 21.651
𝑖 92.376𝑚𝑚
20𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝜆 𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
√𝑛
Let us use recommended value of A,B,C which are 0.7,1.1 and 1.7 respectively.
𝑃𝑑 1500 ∗ 1000
𝑛= = = 1.2925
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 320 ∗ 320 ∗ 11.33

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 2

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
20𝐴𝐵𝐶 20 ∗ 0.7 ∗ 1.1 ∗ 1.7
𝜆 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = = = 23.03
√𝑛 √ 1.2925
Since λ=21.651 is less than 23.03, it is short column.

Pd -A g fcd 1500*103 N-3202 *11.33

Ast = = =1361.74mm2
fyd -fcd 260.87-11.33
1361 .74
If we use ϕ24, 𝑛 = = 3.03 ≈ 4, Astprov = 1800𝑚𝑚2
450

1361 .74
If we use ϕ20, 𝑛 = = 4.332 ≈ 5, A stprov = 1884𝑚𝑚2
314

1361 .74
If we use ϕ16, 𝑛 = = 6.802 ≈ 7 ≈ 8, A stprov = 1600𝑚𝑚2
200

1361 .74
If we use ϕ14, 𝑛 = = 8.834 ≈ 9 ≈ 10, A stprov = 1540𝑚𝑚2
154

Choose 10 ϕ14
0.1𝑃𝑑 0.1 ∗ 1500 ∗ 1000𝑁
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 574.99𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑟 0.002Ag = 0.002(3202 ) = 204.8
𝑓𝑦𝑑 260.87

Choose 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 574.99𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04Ag = 0.04 ∗ 3202 = 4096𝑚𝑚2

574.99𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 1540𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 4096𝑚𝑚2 … … … … … … … … 𝑂𝑘!

14
∅𝑠 = { 4 = 3.5
6
Choose ϕ6
20 ∗ 14 = 280𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = { 320𝑚𝑚
400𝑚𝑚
Choose ϕ6 c/c 280mm
But around slab and lap location (0.6*280mm=168mm)
Choose ϕ6 c/c 160mm
In the same way do it for (b).
#3. Given
✓ All girders are 300*600mm
✓ EF=? For braced and unbraced
✓ EF column dimension 300*350

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 3

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
0.85𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗25 𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
✓ C25/30 and S-460……….𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.1667, 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = = 400
𝛾𝑠 1.5 𝛾𝑠 1.15

20𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝜆 𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
√𝑛
Let us use recommended value of A, B such as 0.7 and 1.1 respectively.
𝑃𝑑 525 ∗ 1000
𝑛= = = 0.353
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 300 ∗ 350 ∗ 14.1667
30
𝐶 = 1.7 − 𝑟𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑚 = = 0.667
45
𝐶 = 1.7 − 0.667 = 1.03
20𝐴𝐵𝐶 20 ∗ 0.7 ∗ 1.1 ∗ 1.03
𝜆 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = = = 26.697
√𝑛 √ 0.353
Actual slenderness ratio
𝐿𝑒
𝜆=
𝑖
For braced

𝐿𝑒 𝑘1 𝑘2
= 0.5√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + )
𝐿 0.45 + 𝑘1 0.45 + 𝑘2

For unbraced

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 4

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
𝐿𝑒 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘1 𝑘2
= 𝑚𝑎𝑥 {√(1 + 10 ∗ ) ; (1 + ) ∗ (1 + )}
𝐿 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 1 + 𝑘1 1 + 𝑘2

But 𝑘1 (𝑘2 ) = ∑((𝐸𝑐𝑚 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 )/𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑙 )/ ∑((𝐸𝑐𝑚 𝛽𝐼𝑏 )/𝐿 𝑏))

Moment of inertia
300 ∗ 6003
𝐼𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = = 5,400,000,000 = 5.4 ∗ 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
300 ∗ 3503
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 .𝐸𝐹 = = 1.071875 ∗ 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
300 ∗ 4003
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 .𝐸𝐷 = = 1.6 ∗ 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
Stiffness for the girders and column
𝐼𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 5.4 ∗ 109
𝑆𝐵𝐸 = 𝑆𝐶𝐹 = = = 600,000
𝐿 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 9000

𝐼𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 5.4 ∗ 109

𝑆𝐵𝐸 = 𝑆𝐶𝐹 = = = 720,000
𝐿 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 7500

𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 1.071875 ∗ 109

𝑆𝐸𝐹 = = = 282,072.3684
𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑙 3800
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙 1.6 ∗ 109
𝑆𝐸𝐹 = = = 421,052.6316
𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑙 3800
282,072.3684 + 421,052.6316
𝑘𝐸 = = 0.53267
600,000 + 720,000
282,072.3684
𝑘𝐹 = = 0.213691
600,000 + 720,000
➢ For braced

𝐿𝑒 𝑘1 𝑘2
= 0.5√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + )
𝐿 0.45 + 𝑘1 0.45 + 𝑘2

0.53267 0.213691
= 0.5√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + ) = 0.714
0.45 + 0.53267 0.45 + 0.213691

𝐿 𝑒 = 0.714 ∗ 𝐿 = 0.714 ∗ 3800 = 2712.79𝑚𝑚

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 5

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
➢ For Unbraced

𝐿𝑒 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘1 𝑘2
= 𝑚𝑎𝑥 {√(1 + 10 ∗ ) ; (1 + ) ∗ (1 + )}
𝐿 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 1 + 𝑘1 1 + 𝑘2

𝐿𝑒 0.53267 ∗ 0.213691 0.53267 0.213691

= 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { √(1 + 10 ∗ ) ; (1 + ) ∗ (1 + )}
𝐿 0.53267 + 0.213691 1 + 0.53267 1 + 0.213691

𝐿𝑒
= 𝑚𝑎𝑥 {1.58905; (1.3475 ∗ 1.17607)}
𝐿
𝐿𝑒
= 𝑚𝑎𝑥 {1.58905; 1.5848}
𝐿
𝐿𝑒
Choose 𝐿
= 1.58905 → 𝐿 𝑒 = 1.58905 ∗ 3800𝑚𝑚 = 6038.39𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑐 = 300 ∗ 350 = 105000𝑚𝑚2

300 ∗ 3503
𝐼𝑐 = = 1.071875 ∗ 109
12

𝐼 1.071875 ∗ 109
𝑖=√ =√ = 101.04
𝐴 105000

For braced
𝐿 𝑒 2712.79𝑚𝑚
𝜆= = = 26.85
𝑖 101.04𝑚𝑚
Since λ=26.85 is greater than λlimit=26.697 the column EF is long/Slender column

For unbraced

𝐿 𝑒 6038.39𝑚𝑚
= = = 59.7624
𝑖 101.04𝑚𝑚
Since λ=59.7624 is greater than λlimit=26.697 the column EF is long/Slender column

#4. Given
• N d =1145kN
• MEd=169.2kN-m
• 300mm*450mm
• C20 and S460

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 6

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
✓ Assuming effective cover of 45mm.
𝑑′ 45
= = 0.1
ℎ 450
✓ Relative moment and relative normal force of column section to determine steel area
𝑀𝑑 169.2 ∗ 106
𝜇= = = 0.31 &
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝐴𝑐 ℎ 8.93 ∗ (300 ∗ 450) ∗ 450
𝑁𝑑 1145 ∗ 103
𝜈= = = 0.95
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝐴𝑐 8.93 ∗ (300 ∗ 450)
✓ Using uni-axial column chart No.2, the required mechanical steel ratio
ω=0.82
𝜔𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏ℎ 0.82 ∗ 8.93 ∗ 300 ∗ 450
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = = 2471.4𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦𝑑 400

Check minimum and maximum provide reinforcement.

#5. Given
➢ 𝜑𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 3
➢ 𝜆 = 26.85
➢ 𝑃𝑑 = 525𝑘𝑁
➢ 𝑀1 = 30𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
➢ 𝑀2 = 45𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
➢ 𝐿 𝑒 = 2712.79𝑚𝑚
➢ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝑆 − 460

Solution
𝑀01 −30𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑒01 = = = −0.057143𝑚 = −57.143𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑑 525𝑘𝑁
𝑀02 45𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑒02 = = = 0.0857143𝑚 = 85.7143𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑑 525𝑘𝑁
0.6𝑒02 + 0.4𝑒01 = 0.6 ∗ (85.7143𝑚𝑚) + 0.4 ∗ (−57.143𝑚𝑚) = 28.57138𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑒𝑞 ≥ {
0.4𝑒02 = 0.4 ∗ (85.7143𝑚𝑚) = 34.286𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑞 = 34.286𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑒 2712.79𝑚𝑚
= = 6.782𝑚𝑚
400 400
𝑒𝑎 ≥ ℎ 350
= = 11.67𝑚𝑚
30 30
{ 20𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑎 = 20𝑚𝑚

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 7

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
 1st trial (Iteration-1) consider column as short e2=0.
𝑒 + 𝑒𝑎 = 34.286𝑚𝑚 + 20𝑚𝑚 = 54.286𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 ≥ { 𝑒𝑞
𝑒02 + 𝑒𝑎 = 85.7143𝑚𝑚 + 20𝑚𝑚 = 105.7143𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 105.7143𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑃𝑑 ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 525𝑘𝑁 ∗ 0.1057143𝑚 = 55.5𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑑 525 ∗ 103 𝑁
𝜈= = = 0.353 ≈ 0.36
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 300𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑀𝐸𝑑 55.5 ∗ 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝜇= = = 0.1066 ≈ 0.11
𝐴𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑑 300𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
ℎ′ 41
= = 0.117143 ≈ 0.12
ℎ 350
By using interpolation
ℎ′
= 0.1 − − − − − − − 𝜔 = 0
ℎ
ℎ′
= 0.12 − − − − − − − 𝜔 =?
ℎ
ℎ′
= 0.15 − − − − − − − 𝜔 = 0
ℎ
𝜔 =0
𝜈𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.5

 Iteration-2
𝐿2𝑒 1
𝑒2 = ∗( )
10 𝑟
400
1 1 1 𝜀𝑦𝑑 200,000
= 𝑘𝑟 𝑘𝜑 ( ) … … … … 𝑏𝑢𝑡 = =( ) = 1.438332 ∗ 10−5
𝑟 𝑟𝑜 𝑟𝑜 0.45𝑑 0.45 ∗ 309

𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜆 25 26.85
𝑘𝜑 = 1 + 𝛽𝜑𝑒𝑓𝑓 ≥ 1 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝛽 = 0.35 + − = 0.35 + − = 0.296
200 150 200 150
𝑘𝜑 = 1 + 0.296 ∗ (3) ≥ 1

𝑘𝜑 = 1.888 > 1
𝜈𝑢 − 𝜈
𝑘𝑟 = 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝜈𝑢 = 1 + 𝜔 = 1 + 0 = 1
𝜈𝑢 − 𝜈𝑏𝑎𝑙

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 8

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
𝑃𝑑 525 ∗ 103 𝑁
𝜈= = = 0.353 ≈ 0.36 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜈𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.5
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 300𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝜈𝑢 − 𝜈 1 − 0.36
𝑘𝑟 = = = 1.28
𝜈𝑢 − 𝜈𝑏𝑎𝑙 1 − 0.5
1 1
= 𝑘𝑟 𝑘𝜑 ( ) = (1.28 ∗ 1.888 ∗ (1.438332 ∗ 10−5 ) = 3.479613 ∗ 10−5
𝑟 𝑟𝑜

𝐿2𝑒 1 (2712.79𝑚𝑚)2
𝑒2 = ∗( )= ∗ (3.479613 ∗ 10−5 ) = 25.61𝑚𝑚
10 𝑟 10
𝑒 + 𝑒𝑎 + 𝑒2 = 34.286𝑚𝑚 + 20𝑚𝑚 + 25.61𝑚𝑚 = 79.87𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 ≥ { 𝑒𝑞
𝑒02 + 𝑒𝑎 = 85.7143𝑚𝑚 + 20𝑚𝑚 = 105.7143𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 105.7143𝑚𝑚 = 0.1057143𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑃𝑑 ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 525𝑘𝑁 ∗ 0.1057143𝑚 = 55.5𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑑 525 ∗ 103 𝑁
𝜈= = = 0.353 ≈ 0.36
𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 300𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑀𝐸𝑑 55.5 ∗ 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝜇= = = 0.1066 ≈ 0.11
𝐴𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑑 300𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 350𝑚𝑚 ∗ 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
ℎ′ 41
= = 0.117143 ≈ 0.12
ℎ 350
ℎ′
= 0.1 − − − − − − − 𝜔 = 0
ℎ
ℎ′
= 0.12 − − − − − − − 𝜔 =?
ℎ
ℎ′
= 0.15 − − − − − − − 𝜔 = 0
ℎ
𝜔 =0
𝜔𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏ℎ 0 ∗ 14.167 ∗ 300 ∗ 350
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = =0
𝑓𝑦𝑑 400
Let us provide minimum reinforcement

0.1 ∗ 525 ∗ 103 𝑁

= 131.25𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥{ 400𝑀𝑝𝑎
0.002𝐴𝑐 = 0.002 ∗ 300 ∗ 350 = 210𝑚𝑚2
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 210𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟒𝝓𝟏𝟐

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 9

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021
#6. Given
 Size of column = 400 x 400mm
 factored design load, Nd = 1000kN
 factored design moments in both axes are:
• Mdx = 100KN-m & Mdy = 100KN-m
 concrete grade, C-25MPa
 steel grade, S-460MPa
Solution
Assuming effective cover of 50mm
𝑏 ′ ℎ′ 50
= = = 0.125
𝑏 ℎ 400
Relative normal force of column section
𝑃𝑑 1000 ∗ 105
𝜈= = = 0.56
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝐴𝑐 11.17 ∗ 400 ∗ 400
Relative moments of column section in both axis directions.
𝑀𝑑𝑥 100 ∗ 106
𝜇𝑥 = = = 0.14
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝐴𝑐 ℎ 11.17 ∗ 4002 ∗ 400
𝑀𝑑𝑦 100 ∗ 106
𝜇𝑦 = = = 0.14
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝐴𝑐 𝑏 11.17 ∗ 4002 ∗ 400
By entering these two values into Bi-axial column chart No.2& No.6 find the required
mechanical steel ratio ratio,ω=?
 For ν=0.4 using bi-axial chart No.2 & No.6
𝑏 ′ ℎ′
= = 0.1 … … … … … 𝜔 = 0.19
𝑏 ℎ
𝑏 ′ ℎ′
= = 0.125 … … … … … 𝜔 =?
𝑏 ℎ
𝑏 ′ ℎ′
= = 0.2 … … … … … 𝜔 = 0.25
𝑏 ℎ
𝜔 = 0.205

 For ν=0.4 using bi-axial chart No.2 & No.6

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 10

 Reinforced Concrete Structures-II HIT,2020/2021

𝑏 ′ ℎ′
= = 0.1 … … … … … 𝜔 = 0.19
𝑏 ℎ
𝑏 ′ ℎ′
= = 0.125 … … … … … 𝜔 =?
𝑏 ℎ
𝑏 ′ ℎ′
= = 0.2 … … … … … 𝜔 = 0.25
𝑏 ℎ
𝜔 = 0.205

For relative force ratio

𝜈 = 0.4 … … … … … … 𝜔 = 0.205
𝜈 = 0.56 … … … … … … 𝜔 =?
𝜈 = 0.6 … … … … … … 𝜔 = 0.205
𝜔 = 0.205
𝜔𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏ℎ 0.205 ∗ 11.17 ∗ 400 ∗ 400
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = = 915.94𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦𝑑 400

Prep.by: Bedaso Ahmed 11