“AH & AJ” REVERSING TOOLS OPERATION MANUAL Manual No. 3-45 Effective Date 10-93 A Subsidiary of Wilson Industries, Ine. re bia/ceee Te-eee Tae Mie ‘The designs and specifications of the tools described in this Opera- tion Manual were current on the effective date of this manual. Houston En- gineers, Inc., whose policy is one of continuous improvement, reserves the right to discontinue models at any time, or to change designs or specifica- tions, without notice or without incurring obligationTABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE - AH and AJ MODEL REVERSING TOOLS .........0-00000eeeeseereee 1 SECTION I - GENERAL DESCRIPTION .........- ge te ieee ee eee ee SECTION Il - FIELD INSTRUCTIONS SELECTION OF GRAPPLE . . FISHING STRING MAKE-UP ‘WELL CONDITIONS DRILLING RIG REQUIREMENTS q REVERSING TOOL CHECK POINTS PRIOR TO RUNNING IN THE E HOLE OPERATION OF THE REVERSING TOOL .....-.....000000eeeeeeneee MAKING THE BACKOFF .........- ; RELEASING THE FISH IN THE HOLE .. BACKOFF FISHING STRING .. REVERSING TOOL TORQUE vs. PIPE TORQUE TABLE 1 - NEWION/METER . TABLE 2 - POUNDS/FORCE*FOOT. ‘TABLE 3 - WING CATCH DIAMETERS ‘TABLE 4- GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS : ‘TABLE 5 - INPUT TO OUTPUT TORQUE CAPACITIES ‘TABLE 6 - REVERSING TOOL TORQUE RATIO .. REVERSING TOOL FISHING DIMENSIONS ‘The last page of this manual is 17. Atland AI Reversing Toot ‘Operation ManaPREFACE AH AND AJ MODEL REVERSING TOO! USE: The Houston Engineers’ AH and AJ Model Reversing Tools are used to unscrew and recover sections of right-hand strings of pipe that are stuck or lodged in the well. Using the Reversing Tool on right-hand drill pipe or tubing eliminates the need for a complete string of left-hand pipe to recover lost tubing or drill pipe string, CONSTRUCTION: The Reversing Tool is a combination of planctary gearing and anchoring systems. It is capable of converting right-hand torque from the surface to a powerful left-hand torque below the tool to the fish. Internal diameters give complete freedom to perform other fishing operations such as washing down, ‘engaging and disengaging the fish, releasing the tool and the fish and permits the use of the string shot. OPERATION: The Reversing Tool is designed to run only inside well casing, and under no conditions should it be operated below the casing in open hole. A left-hand fishing assembly is made up on the lower end of the Reversing Tool selected. The fishing assemblies are available from Houston Engineers for use on any condition of fishing that may occur. Specific operational procedures should be followed when engaging the fish and setting the Reversing Tool. ‘After engaging the fish and setting the Reversing Tool, Left-hand torque is developed slowly below the tool until the fish is unscrewed and recovered. The Reversing Tool can be released from its setting and disengaged from the fish if necessary. MAINTENANCE: Detailed maintenance and inspection procedures for both the AH and AJ Model Reversing Tools are available upon request. When servicing the AH Model, ask for Manual No. 3-40. When servicing the AJ Model, ask for Manual No. 3-41.SECTIONI GENERAL DESCRIPTIO! The AH and AJ Model Reversing Tools are used to unscrew sections of right-hand pipe and downhole equipment. FIG, | illustrates the extemal parts of these tools, ‘After the fish has been engaged, right-hand rotation at the (AH) Upper Tool Joint Sub or (AJ) Top Coupling will cause the Toggle Assembly to open and anchor in the well casing. The Toggle Assembly will adjust to the casing diameter up to its maximum capacity. When anchoring is accomplished, the (AH) Lower Tool Joint Sub or (A) Bottom Sub will rotate left-hand by means of planetary gearing. ‘Maximum capacity of the Toggle Assembly can be changed in three ways: by choice of Tool O.D., by choice of length of carbide Points, and with the addition of Wing Extensions. The AH Model Tool is available in three O.D.'s: 4-1/16" (103.19 mm), 5-13/16" (147.64 mm), and 7-3/4” (196.85mrn). The AJ Model Tool is available in four O.D.’s: 3-3/4 (94.49 mm), 4-1/16" (103.19 mm), 5-13/16" (147.64 mm), and 7-3/4" (196.85mm). Wing Extensions are available for the 5-13/16" (147.64 mm) and 7-3/4" (196.85mm) in both Model Tools. See Table 3 for the minimum/maxiraum casing size for each Tool with each combination of Wing Extensions. INPUT FIG.A INPUT TORQUE TORQUE UpperToot — of joint a7 a Top Coupling — Toggle Asaitly AH MODEL AJ MODEL — Lower Tool Toint Sub — Bottom Sub ourpur OUTPUT TORQUE TORQUE sn AJ Roveing Took, 2SECTION IL FIELD INSTRUCTIONS SELECTION OF GRAPPLE Houston Engineers recommends that all fish be engaged externally wherever practical. In some cases the outside diameter of the fish will be so large that a left-hand overshot or a left-hand box tap will not pass over the fish due to the limited area in the annulus between the fish and well bore or casing, When this situation exists, itis necessary to engage the fish internally with a left-hand spear, pin tap or taper tap. If tool joint box is looking up, the left-hand pin tap should be used to engage the threaded box. When a twist off occurs, the piece looking up may be flared out or split. This may be determined by inspection of the piece recovered from the well or by use of an impression block. It may then be necessary to clean the ragged, uneven edges on the top of the fish with a mill before proceeding to engage the left-hand grapple. If the fish is located in the open hole, left-hand drill pipe must be used between the grapple and Reversing Tool, which is anchored in the casing. Care should be exercised in this case not to run excessive upward load on the Reversing Tool because of the potential of freezing the bearings. Maximum load would be approximately 4,000 lbfeft (5423 Nm) for the 3-3/4" (95.25 ‘mm) tool; 10,000 Ibfeft (13,557 Nm) for the 4-1/16" (103.20 mam) tool; 14,000 lbfeft (18,980 Nm) for 5-13/16" (147.64 mm) tool; and 22,000 Ibfeft (29,826 Nm) for 7-3/4" (196.85mm) tool. See Torque Output vs. Pull Load in Table 5, Torque loss will be expected with increase tensile loads. FISHING STRING MAKE-UP Tool sequence — After deciding on the left-hand grapple to be used with either the AH or AJ Model Reversing Tool, (left-hand spear, overshot, pin tap, taper tap or box tap), it should be made-up on a left-hand safety joint which in tum may be made-up on a left-hand bumper jar which in tum is made-up on the lower left-hand too! joint pin of the Reversing Tool. The AJ Mode! has an elevator section in the top of the Too! to facilitate handling of the string of tools. FIG. 2 illustrates the various standard hook-ups that may be used when running either the AH or AJ Model Reversing Tool. WELL CONDITIONS ‘Accurate and thorough knowledge of existing well conditions is of prime importance to successful fishing operations, Knowledge of casing sizes, weights, depth to fish, nature of fish, liner and all other information that may be involved in the fishing operations. The drilling mud should be conditioned to permit the tool to reach fishing depth as well as to permit circulating through the tool. When short sections of bad casing are ‘encountered in the well that could be unfavorable to proper anchoring the Reversing Tool, a left-hand extension nipple may be run just below the tool to put the Wing section in a moore favorable spot in the well casing. ‘Sanded-up pipe should be washed over before attempting a back-off. Casing that has collapsed completely or partially should be straightened out by rolling or reaming to abore that will permit easy passage of the Reversing Tool and grapple. DRILLING RIG REQUIREMENTS Rig equipment contributing to a successful Reversing Tool operation should include a good weight indicator, suitable mud pump for a minimum of 500 psi (3.447 MPa) pressure, in case you must release fish in hole, and a means for rotation of the fishing string to safely develop sufficient torque to make a back-off (power tongs may be used to operate the Reversing Tool). The drawworks of the rig should be able to develop sufficient load 3 AB and Ad Reversing Tootfor setting grapples, working both up and down or to move the fishing string as necessary prior to or after a back-off has been made. The customary blowout preventer equipment should be in service. REVERSING TOOL CHECK POINTS PRIOR TO RUNNING IN THE HOLE ‘The operator should check the left-hand grapple carefully for correct sizes and make sure that the grapple is made-up tight on the bottom end of the safety joint or Reversing Tool, and that all other grapple tools and left-hand connections have been made-up to operating torque. The Reversing Tool may be checked for operation prior to running in the hole in the following manner: hold tongs of pipe wrench on the lower end of the tool and rotate the top end to the right several turns. This should cause the Wings to open outward away from the tool. The tool will continue to swivel to the right after the Wings are open all the way. Check to see that the Wings close properly when left-hand rotation is applied to the top end of the tool. The Wings must be closed before entering the casing. Tongs may be placed on the Wing section (avoid ruining the Points with the tong teeth) to hold back-up and check for left-hand rotation of the bottom of the tool when the top is rotated to the right. The Points should be checked and leveled after each run and replaced if dull or damaged. When using either the AH or AJ Model Tool, check the upper and lower Circulating Plugs to assure that holes are open. Also, all size AH Model Tools and the AJ Model 3-3/4" (Old style) Tool require Locking Balls. Check the Locking Ball for proper size for the Tool that is to be used. See General Specifications, Table 4, OPERATION OF THE REVERSING TOOL Running In — Its advisable not to allow the rotary table to turn while making up pipe going in the hole. The rotary should be locked until needed for rotation and back-up tongs should be used during pipe string make-up. If clearance between the tool and casing is very close, right-hand rotation could prematurely open the Wings of the tool causing them to drag and wear and result in failure to back off the fish after engagement, ‘Type of Grapple Used — If any of the left-hand taps (taper tap, pin tap or box tap) are used, approximately two points of weight are required down in order to screw the tap into or over the fish. It may become necessary to raise and lower the fishing string a few times, turning the pipe a fraction of a round to the left to engage the fish. Ifthe fish is against the wall, this will allow the tap to enter inside the fish if a taper or pin tap is used, or it will allow the lip on the left-hand box tap to engage and go over the fish. After going in or over the fish, rotating to the right will cause the top to seat or bite the fish securely and torque should then build up indicating ‘a good hold on the fish. The slack in a left-hand bumper jar permits the tap to thread into or over the fish without damaging the Wing Points. Engaging the Fish with the Houston Engineers Left-Hand Overshot — The Overshot is run in the hole below the Reversing Tool with the slips in the “catch” position. When the fish is contacted with the Overshot a few points of weight down followed by a strain up will generally securely engage the fish. If the fish diameter is small compared to the casing inside diameter, it may be necessary to rolate over the fish with left-hand rotation using the lip of the Overshot to help center the fish in the grapple. After engaging the fish, the fishing string may be worked as necessary before backing off. Now right-hand rotation will cause the Reversing Tool Wings ‘open and engage the tool in the casing. It is necessary to set the slips on a Houston Engineers Overshot and is also necessary to keep a strain up while rotating and backing off in order to keep the slips seated in the Overshot. Any amount of load may be used to set the Overshot slips into the fish but not more strain than is. necessary should be held on the Reversing Tool while making the back-off. See Table 6 for torque rates. AB and AJ Reversing Too! 4 (Operatic ManualMAKING THE BACK-OFF ‘Surface Manipulations — Before engaging the fish, while the string is at fishing depth, the indicator weight of the moving fishing string should be noted. This will then permit the operator to judge the amount of load or weight being applied to the fish after engagement. The rotary table, while torquing up, will become harder and harder to rotate until the fish breaks, then the rotary table will spin forward rapidly showing that a break has been made. A tubing fishing string will make-up showing an increasing weight on the indicator and adjustments should be made from time to time to prevent overloading the bearing section of the Reversing Tool. In order to determine how much torque is in the fishing string, it may be necessary to release the rotary and note the number of tums the rotary makes to bring the pipe to a neutral torque position, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF ROUNDS OF TORQUE WHEN ROTATING TO THE RIGHT BECAUSE OF PIPE MAKE-UP. Reversing Tool torque capacities are plotted against torque placed in pipe, see Tables 1 and 2, but the operator should use caution to prevent ruining his fishing string. The Reversing Tool planetary gear system has a ratio such that torque transmitted through the tool is increased. For each round of torque exerted on the top of the tool, increased amounts will be exerted by the bottom of the tool on the fish, This means that torque developed in the right-hand fishing string above the tool will be increased below the Reversing Tool to the fish. See Table 5 for Torque Multiplication through the tool. After the back-off has been made, the string is rotated two to three rounds to the left to close the Wings. Next, lock the rotary to prevent rotation as the fishing string, Reversing Tool, and fish are removed from the well and out of the hole. RELEASING THE FISH IN THE HOLE Before attempting to release the fish in the hole, the Reversing Tool Wings must be closed as described above. To lock all sizes of AH Model Tools and the AJ Model 3-3/4” (95.25 mm) Tool (Old Style) the Locking Ball must be dropped, All new style AJ Model Tools do not require Locking Balls. Start the pumps while slowly turning the fishing string to the left. The pump pressure will lock the Tool and turning the string to the left while pumping will lock the Wings in the closed position. Pump pressure should be maintained to prevent the Tool from unlocking. The Tool may then be torqued up to the right to break the left-hand safety joint below the Tool, or the left-hand overshot may be released by sitting down on the fish and turning the string of tools to the right one-fourth turn and picking up off the fish. The left-hand spear is released in the same manner as the left-hand overshot. Left-hand taps are released by turning to the right after locking the Tool. A minimum of 500 psi (3.44 MPa) pump pressure will be required to lock all Tool sizes, provided Circulating Plugs are of correct diameter, 5 AHL and AJ Reversing Too! ‘GperuicnBACKOFF FISHING STRING CASED HOLE FISHING FIG.2 TOOLS: eVERSNG TOOL anpetes LEFT Hav PPE SMETY ORT NER BS RECOVER: MECHANICALLY BACKOFF: STNG SHOT —serery wr GRAPPLE SELECTION rc Hi ar 0x spon = Jomroe omectve a Atl and AY Reversing Tool 6 Gperation ManualREVERSING TOOL TORQUE CAPACITIES vs TORQUE (IN ROUNDS/ 305 M PIPE) GENERAL FORMULA: The KOG (FOR GRADE E NEW DRILL PIPE) 3 O=RACIANS PER 305M PIPE {2305 M PIPE G=MODULUS OF RIDG. K= FUNCTION OF CROSS SECTION wv & T= TOTAL TORQUE PLACED ON PIPE I KILO. GM. MTRS. REY, CAPACITY=CAPACITY OF GEAR TEETH ® 8 L a 1 378VL 6 & TORQUE PLACED IN PIPE ( ROUNDS PER 305 METERS OF NEW PIPE) | | [1 . & 3 / / | wo g 3 ‘ | 5 Wee a 2 e % 3 2] Ws a+ || it Si 2 gs z é a ey cane = xh | Elsen |_B] “capacimees are minimus viELO ai 3 i 2 j ce 5 #| || — ee Porton 8 om a ‘500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500) 4000" “4500 TOTAL TORQUE PLACED ON PIPE AND REVERSING TOOL IN KILOGRAM- METER ( THOUSANDS)