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1 QUARTER
st

MATHEMATICS
Operations on Sets
Module 2

GENERAL GUIDELINES ON HOW TO

PROPERLY USE THIS MODULE
SUBJECT TEACHER:__AILEENE F. LLONADO, LPT

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 1. Read and follow the instructions before
accomplishing each task.
2. DO NOT WRITE +ANYTHING IN THIS MODULE.
Use a separate intermediate paper or bond paper
as instructed.
3. Do not fold the pages or leave any markings. Keep
your modules away from direct sunlight or any
liquid.
4. Perform all the provided activities in this module.
5. Return this module to your teacher on time.
6. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.

What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Basic Set Operations. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different ways. The language recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Union and Intersection of Sets
 Lesson 2 – Complement and Difference of Sets.

MELCS: Based on the competency, this module will help you illustrate
union, intersection, and difference of sets (M7NS-Ia-2). Specifically, after going
through this module, you are expected to:
1. define and describe the different set operations;
 Lesson
2. 1 Union and Intersection of Sets
perform set operations;

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE
DIRECTIONS: READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY. WRITE THE LETTER OF
YOUR ANSWER ON AN INTERMEDIATE PAPER.
1. What is the complement of U?
A. U B. ∅ C. {0} D. {1}

2. What is the meaning of the phrase “the intersection of P and Q”?

A. The set of elements in the universe that is not in P.
B. The set of elements in the universe that is not in Q.
C. The set of elements is common to both P and Q.
D. The set of elements that is in P or Q or both P and Q.

3. If X = {Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe,

Australia}, and Y = {Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian, Antarctic}, then which
of the following could be the universal set?
A. U = {oceans} C. U = {world}
B. U = {countries} D. U = {planets}

4. What is the meaning of the phrase “the union of P and Q"?

A. The set of elements in the universe that is not in P.
B. The set of elements in the universe that is not in Q.
C. The set of elements is common to both P and Q.
D. The set of elements that is in P or Q or both P and Q.

5. Given P = {apple, orange, banana, mango} and

Q = {orange, mango, watermelon}, what is P ∪ Q?
A. P ∪ Q = ∅
B. P ∪ Q = {apple, orange, banana}
C. P ∪ Q = {apple, orange, banana, mango}
D. P ∪ Q = {apple, orange, banana, mango, watermelon }

What’s New
Observe the given figures below.
Figure 1

A B C
Figure 2
 D E F

Notice that in Figure 1, the objects in Box C are the objects from Box A and
B. If you combine the objects from Box A and B, the result is Box C. But take
note, in Box C, there is no repetition of objects. On the other hand, Figure 2
illustrates that Box F is just a result if you get the common object from Box D and
E.

In Sets, combining the elements without repetition is called the Union of

Sets while getting the common element is called Intersection of Sets. These are
called Basic Set Operations.

What is It

In arithmetic, we have Four Basic Operations such as addition,

subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers. In sets, we have also the
Four Basic Set Operation. In this lesson, we will only discuss the first two
operations namely: Union and Intersection of Sets. The last two operations will
be discussed in the next lesson.

Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
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 ∪ Union of 1. Find the union
Sets of A = { 2, 3, 4}
and
 The set of
A∪B
elements B = { 3, 4, 5}.
that Solution:
belongs to
A ∪ B = { 2, 3, 4,
read as set A or set
A union B 5}
B or both.
A ∪ B is shaded

List all the

elements in set
A and all of the
elements in set
B. If an element
is in both sets,
we list it only
once.

Reminder!
To make it
uniform if the
elements of the
given set are
numbers then
arrange your final

Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
∩ Intersection 1. Find the
of Sets intersection of
A∩B
 The set A = { 2, 3, 4} and
of elements B = { 3, 4, 5}.
belongs to
Solution:
read as both A and
An B. A ∩ B = { 3, 4 }
intersection
B  Set of
A ∩ B is shaded
the common The common
elements of Sets
elements in A and B are 3
A and B. 5 and 4.

2. Given:

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6}, B = {2, 4, 6},
 and

C = {1, 3, 5, …}

A ∩ B ∩Cis shaded Find: a. A ∩ C

b. B ∩ C

Solution:

a. A ∩ C = {1, 3, 5}

b. B ∩ C = { } or ∅

No common
element in
sets B and C.

More Examples
Given: X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, Y = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}
and Z = {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16}.
Find:
1. X ∪ Y 3. X ∪ Z ∩ Y
2. Y ∩ Z 4. (Y ∩ X) ∪ Z
Solution:

1. X∪Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 } ∪ { 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 }

X ∪ Y

First, list the given elements

of Sets X and Y.

X ∪ Y = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15}

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Finally, get the union of X
and Y. This means that
combine the elements. If an
element is in both sets, we
list it only once.

2. Y ∩ Z = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} ∩ {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16}

Y ∩ Z

First, list the given elements

of Sets Y and Z.
 Y∩Z={} Finally, get the intersection of Y
and Z. Note that the intersection is
the "common element". Since
there is no common element, so
the answer is a null or empty set.

3. X ∪ Z ∩ Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} ∪ {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16} ∩ {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

X ∪ Z ∩ Y

First, list the given elements of

sets X, Z, and Y.

X∪Z∩Y = {1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16}∩ {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

Second, solve the union of sets

X and Z. Here is the answer to
X ∪ Z.

X∪Z∩Y = { 6, 12 }
Finally, solve the intersection of
X ∪ Z and Y. Then, here is the
final answer.

4. ( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z = ({ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 } ∩ { 72, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 } ) ∪ { 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 }

( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z

First, list the given elements of

sets Y, X, and Z.

( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z = { 6, 12 } ∪ { 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 }

Second, solve the operation

inside the parenthesis which is
the intersection of Y and X.
Here is the answer.

( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z = { 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16 }

Finally, get the union of the

sets ( Y ∩ X ) and Z. Then,
here is the final answer.
 What’s More

Activity 2: Solve Me!

Let’s Find Out: Union and Intersection of Sets
DIRECTIONS: SOLVE THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE GIVEN BELOW. COPY
AND ANSWER THE QUESTION ON AN INTERMEDIATE PAPER.
The first one is done for you!

Given: A = {2, 5}, B = {5, 7, 9}, C = {x I x is an odd number less than 9},
and D= {x I x is an even number less than 9}.

1. A ∩ C
Solution:
A∩C = {2, 5} ∩ {1, 3, 5, 7}
A C = {5}
∩

2. (B ∪ D) ∩ C = _______________________________________

3. A∩ B ∩ C = _______________________________________
4. C ∪ (D ∩ A) = _______________________________________
5. ( A ∪ C ) ∩ B = _______________________________________

Lesson
2
Complement and
8 Difference of Sets

What’s New

Activity 4: Find Me Once Again!

Let’s Find Out: The Vegetables in the Venn Diagram
DIRECTIONS: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BASED ON THE VENN
DIAGRAM BELOW. COPY AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON AN INTEMEDIATE
PAPER.
 1. What are the vegetables outside the pentagon?
_____________________________________________________
2. How many vegetables are there inside the rectangle?
_____________________________________________________
3. What are the vegetables that are inside the pentagon but not inside the
circle?
_____________________________________________________

Great job! You did well in this activity.

Get ready for more activities like this in
our lesson.

What is It
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In the previous lesson, we have learned the union and intersection of sets.
Now, we will discuss two more Set Operations which are the Complement of a
set and Difference of two sets.
Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples

A’ or Ac A Given:
complement U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
of a Set and A = {1, 3, 5}.
Find A’.
 Set of
all elements Solution:
read as in the A’ = {2, 4}
A complement universal
set U that
are not in The
set A. complement
A’ is shaded of A is the set
of elements
in U but not
in A. These
elements are 2
and 4.

Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
A–B Difference of Given:
Sets A = {3, 4, 5, 6} and

read as
A minus B
  The set B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
containing Find:
elements a. A – B
of set A but b. B – A

not in B. Solution:

 All elements a. A – B = {3, 5 }

of A except
A – B is shaded
the elements Note that the
elements 4 and
of B. 6 are included
in set B.
Difference
of sets A and B
are set of
elements in A
b.but
B –not
A=in {2,
B. 8}

Note that
the elements 4
and 6
are included
in set A.
Difference
of sets B and A
are a set of
elements in B
but not in A.

More Examples
Given: U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
A = {1, 3, 5}
B = {3, 4, 5} and
C = {2, 4}
Find: a.) A’ ∪ B’
b.) (A∩ C)’
c.) B – C’
Solution:

a.) A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 3, 5}’ ∪ {3, 4, 5}’

A ’ ∪ B ’

First, list the

elements of
sets A and B.

A’ ∪ B’ = {2, 4} ∪ { 1, 2}

Second, solve
A’ and B’. Here
is the result.
 A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 2, 4}

Finally, get the

union of A’ and
B’. Here is the
final answer.

b.) (A ∩ C )’ = ( {1, 3, 5} ∩ { 2, 4} )’

( A ∩ C
11 )’

First, list the

elements of
sets A and C.

Second, solve the

operation inside
the parenthesis
(A ∩ C)’ = ({ } )’ which is the
intersection of A
and C. Here is the
answer.

(A ∩ C)’ = {1 ,2, 3, 4, 5}
Finally, get the
complement.
Note that the
complement of
an empty set is
the universal set.

c.) B – C’ = {3, 4, 5} – { 2 , 4 }’

B – C ‘

First, list the

elements of Sets
B and C.

B – C’ = {3, 4, 5} – { 1, 3, 5 }

Second, solve the

complement of C.
Here is the result.

B – C’ = {4}

Finally, solve the

difference
 What’s More

Activity 5: Solve Me!

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Let’s Find Out: Complement and Difference of Sets
DIRECTIONS: SOLVE THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE GIVEN BELOW.
SHOW YOUR SOLUTION ON AN INTERMEDIATE PAPER.
The first one is done for you!
Given: U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},
A = {2, 5},
B = {5, 7, 9},
C = {x I x is an odd number less than 9}, and
D= {x I x is an even number less than 9}.

1. A – C
Solution:
A −¿ C = {2, 5} −¿ {1, 3, 5, 7}
A −¿ C = {2}
2. B – D’
3. (A ∪ B)’ – C
4. D – (B ∩ A)

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Complete Me!

Let’s Find Out: Terms Involved in Operations on Sets
DIRECTIONS: COPY AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ON AN
INTERMEDIATE PAPER.

1. The set of all elements in the universal set that is not in set A is called the
________________________ of set A.

2. The set containing all the elements of set A or set B or both sets is called
the _______________________ of set A and set B.

3. The set containing all the elements that are common to both set A and set
B is called the _________________________ of set A and set B.

4. The set of elements that belongs to set A but not in set B is called the
______________________________ of sets A and B.

5. A diagram that is used to represent sets is called

__________________________.
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Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE
DIRECTIONS: READ AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS CAR EFULLY. WRITE
THE LETTER OF YOUR ANSWER ON AN INTERMEDIATE PAPER.

1. What is the symbol used for intersection?

A. ∪ B. ∩ C. ⊆ D. ∈

2. What is the complement of ∅?

A. { } B. {1} C. U D. {0}

3. What is the meaning of “the difference of P and Q”?

A. The set of elements in P but not in Q.
B. The set of elements is common to both P and Q.
C. The set of elements in the universe that not in P and Q.
D. The set of elements that is in P or Q or both P and Q.

4. What is the complement of {3, 4}, if U = {1, 2, 3, 4}?

A. { } B. { 0 } C. { 1 } D. { 1, 2 }

5. What is A ∪ B, if A= {0, 2, 3, 4, 9, 11} and B = {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10}?

A. {0, 4 11} C. {6, 8, 9, 10, 11}
B. {2, 3, 6, 9} D. {0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 }

6. If P = {a, b, c, d, e}, Q = {a, c, e, d, t } and R = { t, d, c, b, e }, then

what is P∩ Q ∩ R?
A. {a, c} C. {c, d}
B. {a, c, e} D. { c, d, e }

7. Given U = {a, d, c, r, f, v, t, w}, H= { a, d, c, v } and J = { r, c, f },

what is H ∩ J’?
A. {c } C. { a, d, v, t }
B. {a, d, v} D. {a, d, r, f, v, t }

8. What is (A ∪ B ) – C, if A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, B = { 2, 4, 5, 6 } and
C = {1, 2, 4, 6 }?
A. { } C. { 3 }
B. { 2 } D. { 3, 5 }

9. Which of the following represents the shaded area in the Venn Diagram
below?
A. B’ C. B – A
B. A D. A – B

10. What does the shaded region below represent?

A. (A ∪ B) ∩ C C. A U (B – C)
B. A B C
∩ ∩ D. A’ ∪ B ∩ C

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