Name of Drug Classification Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name: Pharmacologic Class: Assists all enzymes
Magnesium Sulfate Mineral involved in phosphate
transfer reactions that use
Trade/Brand Name: adenosine
- Epsom Salt,magnesium triphosphate (ATP).
sulfate injection Magnesium is required
for normal function of the
Patients’ Dose: Therapeutic Class: ATP-dependent
Antacid, anticonvulsant, sodium-potassium pump in
Route: electrolyte, laxative muscle
P.O., Intramuscular, membranes. It may
Intravenous effectively treat digitalis
glycoside–induced
Form: arrhythmias because
Oral, Parenteral, Topical Pregnancy Category: correction of
D hypomagnesemia
Maximum dose: improves
30 to 40g MgSO4 the sodium-potassium
pump’s ability to
Minimum dose: distribute potassium into
4g MgSO4 intracellular
spaces and because
Availability: magnesium decreases
- Granules (for oral use): calcium uptake and
120 g, 4 lb potassium outflow
- Infusion Solution: 10 through myocardial cell
mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 40 membranes.
mg/ml, 80 mg/ml. -In laxative action, it
- Injection Solution: 125 increases osmotic gradient
mg/ml, 500 mg/ml. in small intestine, which
draws water into intestines
and causes distention.
Content: These effects stimulate
Magnesium, Sulfur, peristalsis and bowel
Oxygen evacuation.
(contains 100 to 500 mg - In electrolyte action, it is
elmenteal magnesium per primarily found in
General Indications:
- Used for
treatment/prevention of
hypomagnesemia;
prevention and treatment
of seizures in severe
preeclampsia or eclampsia;
pediatric acute nephritis,
treatment of arrhythmias
due to hypomagnesemia
(ventricular fibrillation,
ventricular tachycardia, or
torsades de points
Patient’s Indication:
- Hypersensitivity
- Myocardial damage
- Diabetic coma
- Heart block
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Administration during 2
hours preceding delivery
for mothers with toxemia
of pregnancy
Drug Interaction/s:
- Aminoquinolones,
nitrofurantoin,
penicillamine,
tetracyclines: decreased
absorption of these drugs
(with oral magnesium)
- CNS depressants:
additive effects
- Digoxin: heart block,
conduction changes (with
I.V. use)
- Enteric-coated drugs:
faster dissolution of these
drugs
- Neuromuscular blockers:
increased effects of these
drugs (with I.V. use)
-CNS (with I.V. use):
confusion, decreased
reflexes, dizziness,
syncope, sedation,
hypothermia, paralysis
- CV (with I.V. use):
hypotension, arrhythmias,
circulatory collapse
- GI: nausea, vomiting,
cramps, flatulence,
anorexia
- Metabolic:
hypermagnesemia,
hypocalcemia
- Musculoskeletal (with
I.V. use): muscle
weakness, flaccidity
- Respiratory: respiratory
paralysis
- Skin: diaphoresis
- Other: allergic reaction,
injection site reaction,
laxative dependence (with
repeated or prolonged use)
Before
- Check the doctor’s order
- Assess patients
sensitivity to magnesium
- Assess GI pain (duration,
location, quality, time of
occurrence, relief with
food,
causative/exacerbative
factors).
- Assess for weight loss,
nausea, vomiting, and
history of recent
abdominal surgery.
- Assess renal function,
serum magnesium levels.
- Perform hand hygiene
and prepare the
medication.
- Educate the patient about
the drug, its benefits and
risks.
During
-Identify the patient
- Inspect the parenteral
drug product for
particulate matter and
discoloration.
- administer only the
prescribed dose for the
patient
- inform the patient about
the possible side effects.
 intracellular fluids, After
essential for enzyme - document the drug
activity, nerve conduction, administered
muscle contraction. - monitor patient’s
Maintains and restores response to drug, as well
magnesium levels. - In as the adverse effects
antacid action, reacts with - discontinue drugs if
hydrochloric acid in adverse effects occur
stomach to form water and - evaluate effectiveness of
increase gastric pH levels. teaching plan
- In anticonvulsant action, - Assess for relief of
depresses CNS and blocks gastric distress.
transmission of peripheral - Monitor renal function
1 ml of injection, 1 to 5 g neuromuscular impulses, (esp. if dosing is long term
elemental magnesium per producing seizure control. or frequent).
10 ml of - Monitor daily pattern of
injection, and 40 mEq per Onset: Oral: 1-2 hr. IM: 1 bowel activity, stool
5 mg of hr. IV: Immediate. consistency.
crystals) Duration: IM: 3-4 hr. IV:
30 min.

Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption - Following
administration, 30-50% of
the dose is absorbed from
the small intestine.
Distribution - Crosses the
placenta and small
amounts enter the
breastmilk. Protein-
binding: 25-30%
Excretion - Via urine
(absorbed fraction); Via
faeces (unabsorbed
fraction).

1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., &
Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016).
Saunders Nursing Drug Saunders Nursing Drug Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders
Handbook. Missouri: Handbook. Missouri: Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook.
Elsevier. Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier.

2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate.
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