7

MATHEMATICS
First Quarter – Module 2
Operations on Sets
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Basic Set Operations. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different ways. The language recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Union and Intersection of Sets

 Lesson 2 – Complement and Difference of Sets.

Based on the competency, this module will help you illustrate union,
intersection, and difference of sets (M7NS-Ia-2). Specifically, after going through this
module, you are expected to:

1. define and describe the different set operations;

2. perform set operations;
3. represent the set operations using the Venn Diagram.

This module is self – instructional and allows you to learn in your own space and
pace. So, relax and enjoy it!

1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of your answer
and write it in your Mathematics notebook.
1. What is the complement of U?
A. U B. ∅ C. {0} D. {1}

2. What is the meaning of the phrase “the intersection of P and Q”?

A. The set of elements in the universe that is not in P.
B. The set of elements in the universe that is not in Q.
C. The set of elements is common to both P and Q.
D. The set of elements that is in P or Q or both P and Q.

3. If X = {Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia}, and Y =
{Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian, Antarctic}, then which of the following could be the universal set?
A. U = {oceans} C. U = {world}
B. U = {countries} D. U = {planets}

4. What is the meaning of the phrase “the union of P and Q"?

A. The set of elements in the universe that is not in P.
B. The set of elements in the universe that is not in Q.
C. The set of elements is common to both P and Q.
D. The set of elements that is in P or Q or both P and Q.

5. Given P = {apple, orange, banana, mango} and

Q = {orange, mango, watermelon}, what is P ∪ Q?
A. P ∪ Q = ∅
B. P ∪ Q = {apple, orange, banana}
C. P ∪ Q = {apple, orange, banana, mango}
D. P ∪ Q = {apple, orange, banana, mango, watermelon }
6. What is the complement of ∅ ?
A. U B. ∅ C. {0} D. {1}

7. Given X = {1, 4, 16} and Y = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36}, what is X ∪ Y?

A. X ∪ Y = ∅ C. X ∪ Y = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
B. X ∪ Y = {1, 4, 16} D. X ∪ Y = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36}

8. Based on the given sets below, which statement is CORRECT?

A = {1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15} and B = {6, 9, 12}?
A. B ⊈ A C. A ∪ B = A
B. A ∩ B = ∅ D. B is the complement of A.
9. Given A = {even whole numbers} and B = {prime numbers },
what is A ∩ B?
A. A ∩ B = ∅ C. A ∩ B = {0, 2}
B. A ∩ B = {2} D. A ∩ B = {0, 2, 4}

10. If M = {x I x is a number greater than 7} and

N = {y I y is an even number less than 15}, what is M ∩ N?
A. M ∩ N = ∅ C. M ∩ N = {8, 10, 12}
B. M ∩ N = {8, 10} D. M ∩ N = {8, 10, 12, 14}

11. If U = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20} and A = { 12, 13, 14 }, what is A’?
A. A’ = {12, 13, 14, 20}
B. A’ = {11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19}
C. A’ = {11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
D. A’ = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}

12. Given U = {single digits} and B = {0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, what is B’?

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 A. B’ = ∅ C. B’ = {2, 3}
B. B’ = {2} D. B’ = {2, 3, 9}

13. If set A = {3, 4, 5, 6} and set B = {2, 4, 6, 8 }, what is A – B ?

A. A – B = ∅ C. A – B = {3, 5}
B. A – B = {3} D. A – B = {4, 6}

14. If set A = {3, 4, 5, 6} and set B = {2, 4, 6, 8}, what is B – A?

A. B – A = ∅ C. B – A = {3, 5}
B. B – A = {2} D. B – A = {2, 8}

15. What does the shaded region of the Venn Diagram given below represent?

A. A ∪ B C. (A ∪ B)’
B. A ∩ B D. A – B

Lesson
Union and Intersection of Sets
1

What’s In

Before we proceed to our lesson, let us see if we still remember our previous lesson by answering the
given activity below.

Activity 1: Arrange Me!

Let’s Find Out: Terms Involved in Sets

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Arrange the jumbled letters to get the correct answer.

b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

The first one is done for you!

1. It is a well – defined collection of distinct objects.

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 E T S SET
_____________________
2. It is the set of all possible elements of any set.

L U A N S I R V E E T S

3. A set with no element.

U L N L E T S

4. Two sets that contain the same number of elements.

T E N Q L U A I V E T S E

5. It is a diagram that makes use of geometric shapes to show relationships between sets.

N N V E M D A I A G R

6. These are sets with a defined number of elements.

E F T I I N

7. This is a method describing a set by listing each element of the set inside the symbol { }.

R R O E T S

8. Two sets that contain the same elements.

L E A Q U T S E

9. These are sets having no element in common.

T D N I I O S J

10. It is a method of describing a set in words.

L V A E B R

Observe the given figures below.

Figure 1

A B C
Figure 2

4
 D E F

Notice that in Figure 1, the objects in Box C are the objects from Box A and B.
If you combine the objects from Box A and B, the result is Box C. But take note, in
Box C, there is no repetition of objects. On the other hand, Figure 2 illustrates that
Box F is just a result if you get the common object from Box D and E.

In Sets, combining the elements without repetition is called the Union of Sets
while getting the common element is called Intersection of Sets. These are called
Basic Set Operations.

What is It

In arithmetic, we have Four Basic Operations such as addition, subtraction,

multiplication, and division of numbers. In sets, we have also the Four Basic Set
Operation. In this lesson, we will only discuss the first two operations namely: Union
and Intersection of Sets. The last two operations will be discussed in the next lesson.

Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
∪ Union of Sets 1. Find the union of
A = { 2, 3, 4} and
 The set of
elements B = { 3, 4, 5}.
A∪B
that belongs Solution:
to set A or
A ∪ B = { 2, 3, 4,
set B or
5}
read as
A union B
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 both.

A ∪ B is shaded List all the

elements in set
A and all of the
elements in set
B. If an element
is in both sets,
we list it only
once.

Reminder!
To make it
uniform if the
elements of the
given set are
numbers then
arrange your final
answer in
increasing order.

Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
∩ Intersection of 1. Find the
Sets intersection of
A∩B
 The set A = { 2, 3, 4} and
of elements B = { 3, 4, 5}.
belongs to
Solution:
read as both A and
An B. A ∩ B = { 3, 4 }
intersection
B  Set of
A ∩ B is shaded
the common The common
elements of Sets
elements in A A and B are 3
and B. and 4.

2. Given:

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
B = {2, 4, 6}, and

C = {1, 3, 5, …}

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 Find: a. A ∩ C
b. B ∩ C
A ∩ B ∩Cis shaded
Solution:

a. A ∩ C = {1, 3, 5}

b. B ∩ C = { } or ∅

No common
element in
sets B and C.

You did great! Now, we .have more examples.

More Examples

Given: X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, Y = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

and Z = {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16}.

Find:

1. X ∪ Y 3. X ∪ Z ∩ Y

2. Y ∩ Z 4. (Y ∩ X) ∪ Z

Solution:

1. X∪Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 } ∪ { 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 }

X ∪ Y

First, list the given elements

of Sets X and Y.

X ∪ Y = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15}

Finally, get the union of X
and Y. This means that
combine the elements. If an
element is in both sets, we
list it only once.

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2. Y ∩ Z = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} ∩ {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16}

Y ∩ Z

First, list the given elements

of Sets Y and Z.

Y∩Z={} Finally, get the intersection of Y

and Z. Note that the intersection is
the "common element". Since
there is no common element, so
the answer is a null or empty set.

3. X ∪ Z ∩ Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} ∪ {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16} ∩ {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

X ∪ Z ∩ Y

First, list the given elements of

sets X, Z, and Y.

X∪Z∩Y = {1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16}∩ {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}

Second, solve the union of sets

X and Z. Here is the answer to
X ∪ Z.

X∪Z∩Y = { 6, 12 }
Finally, solve the intersection of
X ∪ Z and Y. Then, here is the
final answer.

4. ( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z = ({ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 } ∩ { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 } ) ∪ { 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 }

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 List the given elements of
Sets Y, X, and Z.

( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z

First, list the given elements of

sets Y, X, and Z.

( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z = { 6, 12 } ∪ { 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 }

Second, solve the operation

inside the parenthesis which is
the intersection of Y and X.
Here is the answer.

( Y ∩ X ) ∪ Z = { 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16 }

Finally, get the union of the

sets ( Y ∩ X ) and Z. Then,
here is the final answer.

What’s More

Activity 2: Solve Me!

Let’s Find Out: Union and Intersection of Sets

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Solve the following based on the given below.

b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

The first one is done for you!

Given: A = {2, 5}, B = {5, 7, 9}, C = {x I x is an odd number less than 9},
and D= {x I x is an even number less than 9}.

1. A ∩ C
Solution:
A ∩ C = {2, 5} ∩ {1, 3, 5, 7}
A ∩ C = {5}

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 2. (B ∪ D) ∩ C
3. A∩ B ∩ C
4. C ∪ (D ∩ A)
5. ( A ∪ C ) ∩ B

Excellent! Now you are ready for more Set Operations.

Lesson
Complement and Difference of Sets
2

What’s In

Before we proceed to our lesson, let us see if we still remember our previous
lesson by answering the given exercise below.

Activity 3: Find Me!

Let’s Find Out: Hidden Words/ Terms

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Find the given words below that are hidden in the grid. The words may be
found vertically, horizontally, and diagonally.

b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

Y M K A T J B K C B L D K Z O
O H A L E V R P X L I I P S P
J D N O S G M X E P T L S X L
W G B Y P S T K G Y B Z K C X

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U L Z L M E J J D I O X E J F
H O Y E Q A R J Y M K Q L V V
N E Z L V Z P A R E E S E M K
P B V N O I N U T P W E M D A
M N S J Y K I T E I O I E L H
B X N X Q D O T C T O C N P Y
I N T E R S E C T I O N T U I
H Y Y P V R M I U M H F S R G
N X O Z S T F P M C X A S L H
X D K V A T S O P Z L C L Z G
R W G V U C N B F S K K S U P

COMMON ELEMENTS INTERSECTION SET

OPERATION VENN UNION

What’s New

Activity 4: Find Me Once Again!

Let’s Find Out: The Vegetables in the Venn Diagram

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Answer the following questions based on the Venn Diagram below.

1. What are the vegetables outside the pentagon?

2. How many vegetables are there inside the rectangle?
3. What are the vegetables that are inside the pentagon but not inside the circle?

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 Great job! You did well in this activity.
Get ready for more activities like this in
our lesson.

What is It

In the previous lesson, we have learned the union and intersection of sets.
Now, we will discuss two more Set Operations which are the Complement of a set
and Difference of two sets.

Basic Set Operations

Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
A’ or Ac A Given:
complement U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
of a Set and A = {1, 3, 5}.
 Set of Find A’.
read as
all elements
A complement Solution:
in the
A’ = {2, 4}
universal set
U that are not A’ is shaded
in set A. The
complement
of A is the set
of elements
in U but not
in A. These
elements are 2
and 4.

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 Basic Set Operations
Symbol Meaning Venn Diagram Examples
A–B Difference of Given:
Sets
A = {3, 4, 5, 6} and
 The set B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
read as containing
Find:
A minus B elements
of set A but a. A – B
not in B. b. B – A
 All elements
A – B is shaded Solution:
of A except
the elements a. A – B = {3, 5 }

of B.

Note that the

elements 4 and
6 are included
in set B.
Difference
of sets A and B
are set of
elements in A
but not in B.

b. B – A= {2, 8}

Note that
the elements 4
and 6
are included
in set A.
Difference
13 of sets B and A
are a set of
elements in B
 More Examples

Given: U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A = {1, 3, 5}

B = {3, 4, 5} and

C = {2, 4}

Find: a.) A’ ∪ B’

b.) (A∩ C)’

c.) B – C’

Solution:

a.) A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 3, 5}’ ∪ {3, 4, 5}’

A ’ ∪ B ’

First, list the

elements of
sets A and B.

A’ ∪ B’ = {2, 4} ∪ { 1, 2}

Second, solve
A’ and B’. Here
is the result.
A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 2, 4}

Finally, get the

union of A’ and
B’. Here is the
final answer.
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 b.) (A ∩ C )’ = ( {1, 3, 5} ∩ { 2, 4} )’

( A ∩ C )’

First, list the

elements of
sets A and C.
Second, solve the
operation inside
the parenthesis
(A ∩ C)’ = ({ } )’
which is the
intersection of A
and C. Here is the
answer.

(A ∩ C)’ = {1 ,2, 3, 4, 5}
Finally, get the
complement.
Note that the
complement of
an empty set is
the universal set.

c.) B – C’ = {3, 4, 5} – { 2 , 4 }’

B – C ‘

First, list the

elements of Sets
B and C.

B – C’ = {3, 4, 5} – { 1, 3, 5 }

Second, solve the

complement of C.
Here is the result.
B – C’ = {4}

Finally, solve the

difference
15 between B
and C. Here is the
 What’s More

Activity 5: Solve Me!

Let’s Find Out: Complement and Difference of Sets

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Solve the following based on the given below.

b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

The first one is done for you!

Given: U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},

A = {2, 5},
B = {5, 7, 9},
C = {x I x is an odd number less than 9}, and
D= {x I x is an even number less than 9}.

1. A – C
Solution:
A −¿ C = {2, 5} −¿ {1, 3, 5, 7}
A −¿ C = {2}

2. B – D’

3. (A ∪ B)’ – C

4. D – (B ∩ A)

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Complete Me!

Let’s Find Out: Terms Involved in Operations on Sets

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Complete the following sentences.

b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

1. The set of all elements in the universal set that is not in set A is called the
_______________ of set A.

2. The set containing all the elements of set A or set B or both sets is called the
_______________ of set A and set B.

3. The set containing all the elements that are common to both set A and set B is
called the _______________ of set A and set B.

4. The set of elements that belongs to set A but not in set B is called the
_______________ of sets A and B.

5. A diagram that is used to represent sets is called _______________.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 7: Create Me!

Let’s Find Out: Venn Diagram

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. For sets U, A, and B, construct a Venn Diagram and place the elements
in the proper regions

b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

Given:
U = {iPhone, Blackberry, LG, Oppo, Vivo, Samsung, Nokia, Motorola, Sony}

A = {iPhone, Blackberry, LG, Motorola, Oppo}

B = {LG, Vivo, Nokia, Motorola}

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 Assessment

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write the answer in
your Mathematics notebook.

1. What is the symbol used for intersection?

A. ∪ B. ∩ C. ⊆ D. ∈

2. What is the complement of ∅?

A. { } C. U
B. {1} D. {0}

3. What is the meaning of “the difference of P and Q”?

A. The set of elements in P but not in Q.
B. The set of elements is common to both P and Q.
C. The set of elements in the universe that not in P and Q.
D. The set of elements that is in P or Q or both P and Q.

4. What is the complement of {3, 4}, if U = {1, 2, 3, 4}?

A. { } C. { 1 }
B. { 0 } D. { 1, 2 }

5. What is A ∪ B, if A= {0, 2, 3, 4, 9, 11} and B = {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10}?

A. {0, 4 11} C. {6, 8, 9, 10, 11}
B. {2, 3, 6, 9} D. {0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 }

6. If P = {a, b, c, d, e}, Q = {a, c, e, d, t } and R = { t, d, c, b, e }, then

what is P∩ Q ∩ R?
A. {a, c} C. {c, d}
B. {a, c, e} D. { c, d, e }

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7. Given U = {a, d, c, r, f, v, t, w}, H= { a, d, c, v } and J = { r, c, f },
what is H ∩ J’?
A. {c } C. { a, d, v, t }
B. {a, d, v} D. {a, d, r, f, v, t }

8. What is (A ∪ B ) – C, if A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, B = { 2, 4, 5, 6 } and
C = {1, 2, 4, 6 }?
A. { } C. { 3 }
B. { 2 } D. { 3, 5 }

9. Which of the following represents the shaded area in the Venn Diagram
below?

A. B’ C. B – A
B. A D. A – B

10. What does the shaded region below represent?

A. (A ∪ B) ∩ C C. A U (B – C)
B. A ∩ B ∩ C D. A’ ∪ B ∩ C

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II. To solve numbers 11 – 15, use the given Venn Diagram below.

11. A ∩ B 13. A ∩ B’ 15. (A ∩ B )’

12. A’ 14. (A ∪ B)’

Additional Activities

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Activity 8: Find My Elements!

Let’s Find Out: The Elements

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

a. Using the Venn diagram below, list the elements containing the set b.
Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

The first one is done for you!

1. U Answer: U = {red, black, blue, yellow, pink, maroon,

orange, green, violet, white, indigo }

2. A 6. A’ 10. A ‘∩ B

3. B 7. B’

4. A ∪ B 8. A – B

5. A ∩ B 9. B – A

Answer Key

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 What’s More What’s New What’s In (Activity 3)

(Activity 5) (Activity 4)
2. B – D ‘ = { } 1. carrots, cabbage,
3. ( A ∪ B )’ – C okra, squash,
= { 4, 6, 8 } ampalaya, eggplant
4. D – ( B ∩ A ) 2. 11
= { 2, 4, 6, 8 } 3. potato, raddish,
string beans

What’s More What’s In (Activity 1) What I Know

(Activity 2) 1. SETS 1. B. 11. C.
2. ( B ∪ D ) ∩ C 2. UNIVERSAL SETS 2. C. 12. D.
= { 5, 7 } 3. NULL SET 3. C. 13. C.
3. A ∩ B ∩ C 4. EQUIVALENT SET 4. D. 14. D.
={5} 5. VENN DIAGRAM 5. D. 15. B.
4. C ∪ ( D ∩ A ) 6. FINITE 6. A.
= { 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 } 7. ROSTER 7. D.
5. ( A ∪ C ) ∩ B 8. EQUAL SETS 8. C.
= { 5, 7 } 9. DISJOINT 9. B.
10. VERBAL 10. D.

Answer Key

Assessment Additional Activity (Activity 8)

1. B. 11. { a, h } 2. A = { red, black, blue, yellow, pink,
2. C. 12. { f, g, r, d, p, m, z } maroon }

3. A. 13. { w, c, b, t } 3. B = { green, violet, orange, pink,

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maroon }
4. D. 14. { p, m, z }
4. A ∪ B = { red, black, blue, yellow,
5. D. 15. { w, c, b, t, f, r, g, d, p, m, z }
What I Can Do (Activity 7) What I Have Learned (Activity 6)
1. complement
2. union
3. intersection
4. difference
5. Venn Diagram

References

BOOKS

24
Von Anthony G. Toro, et.al. Smart in Math( Grade 7 ). ISA – JECHO PUBLISHING
INC. 2017, pp. 10 – 13.

Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza. e – math 7 ( K to 12 Worktext in

Mathematics) Third Edition 2012. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI) 2013.
pp. 5 – 11.

Gina Guerra and Catherine P. Vistro – Yu, Ed.D. Grade 7 Math Learning Guide.
Department of Education (2013). pp. 7 – 18.

25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph