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Kinetic Molecular Model of Solids and Liquids Activity 1: Color Drop
Kinetic Molecular Model of Solids and Liquids Activity 1: Color Drop
1. The moment when you drop the food coloring into the water it slowly goes down,
spreads out, and after a few seconds it will totally stain the water. This happened
because water molecules have continuous motion due to their kinetic energy.
2. When you compare the rate of diffusion of the two glasses, the hot water has faster
rate of diffusion than cold water. It is because the molecules of hot water have greater
kinetic energy that cold water. Therefore, the molecules move faster and the food
coloring will diffuse quicker. The diffusion process is simply explained by the kinetic
molecular theory, the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy.
3. The Kinetic Molecular Energy is related to the experiment because it explains the
process of it. The spaces between water molecules which causes the constant motion
present in the water. When the temperature increases, the kinetic energy will increase
as well, this will cause the increase in speed of the water molecules. That is why when
you put a liquid substance in water, it will eventually spread-out even without stirring.
4. The food color would not be spread out in the water because there is no kinetic energy
that will trigger the color to spread out and dye the water.
Activity 4
Solids have higher densities compared to their liquid form because the solid particles
are more compact. However, ice is less dense than water since the volume of ice is greater
than that of liquid with the same amount of matter. This is often due to the anomalous
behavior of the water when it reaches 4 degrees Celsius. Normally, as things are cooled, they
contract. But this is not what water obeys when it crosses 4 degrees Celsius. That's why the
ice is less dense than the liquid. This phenomenon has a biological meaning. In areas like
Antarctica, where temperatures are below temperature, fish and other marine life have
survived. Because the ice has less density than the water, it can float and stay on the surface,
preventing the underside from freezing. This will encourage marine life to flourish in these
regions.
Activity 5
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. B
10. D
Reflection
I learned about the kinetic molecular model of solids and liquids. I enjoyed answering
what’s the matter part because it was easy and it was already discussed during our junior high
school days. I want to learn more on how I can use these in real life.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Activity 3: Classify Me
1. Dipole-dipole force and London Dispersion
2. London dispersion force
3. Ion-dipole force and London Dispersion
4. London Dispersion force
5. Hydrogen Bonding and London Dispersion
6. Hydrogen bonding and London Dispersion
7. Dipole-Dipole interaction and London Dispersion
8. Ion-dipole force and London Dispersion
9. London Dispersion force
10. Dipole-dipole force and London Dispersion
Activity 4: Describe Me
Compound Type of Strongest type of Reason for
Intramolecular force/ intermolecular force classifying
chemical bond present
1. Hydrogen Covalent bond Hydrogen Bonding The compound
exhibits hydrogen
fluoride HF
bonding
because hydrogen is
bonded to highly
electronegative
fluorine.
2. Magnesium MgCl2 – ionic Ion-dipole force The compound
compound exhibits ion-dipole
chloride
force because there is
(MgCl2) in Water – Covalent an attraction
compound between ions and
Water polar molecule.
3. Hydrogen Dipole-dipole force The compound
Covalent compound exhibits
bromide HBr
dipole-dipole
interaction
because the molecule
is polar.
4. Silicon Covalent compound London The compound
Dispersion forces exhibits London
dioxide SiO2
dispersion force
because it is a
nonpolar covalent
compound.
5. Fluorine Covalent compound London The compound
molecule F2 Dispersion forces exhibits London
dispersion force
because it is a
nonpolar covalent
compound.
I learned about the intermolecular forces. I also learned the different types of
intermolecular forces including london dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and
ion-dipole. I enjoyed most on answering the crossword puzzle. I want to learn more on the
intermolecular forces.
1. In the picture, as the temperature of the container increases, the water molecules
evaporate and transform into a vapor state. Any of the water molecules in the vapor
process have a chance to go out into the flask and then suddenly vanish into the
atmosphere.
2. Container B has a closed environment, so when the liquid evaporates and transforms
to its vapor phase, the water molecules did not have the opportunity to escape from
the container.
b. The graph contains the vapor pressures of the four common liquids: diethyl ether,
ethyl alcohol, water and ethylene glycol with regards of the temperature. Base on the
graph, the vapor pressure increases as temperature increases, it applies to all these
four liquids.
REFLECTION
I learned about properties of liquids and intermolecular forces. I enjoyed most
on identifying the words being described. I want to learn more how can I apply this in
real life and what are the circumstances.
PROPERTIES OF WATER AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Part A
1. Heat of Vaporization
3. Surface Tension
4. pH
5. Boiling point
Part B
2. The weight of the insect and the structure of its legs in combination with the
surface tension of the water allow certain insects to walk on the water. Water
molecules are more drawn to each other than to other materials, so they create a force
to remain together called surface tension.
6. Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. In other words,
ice takes up about 9% more space than water, so a liter of ice weighs less than liter water.
The heavier water displaces the lighter ice, so ice floats to the top.
7. Ice serves as a barrier between the water and the cold air above.
9. Ice actually has a very different structure than liquid water, in that the
molecules align themselves in a regular lattice rather than more randomly as in
the liquid form. It happens that the lattice arrangement allows water molecules to be
more spread out than in a liquid, and, thus, ice is less dense than water.
Activity 2: EXPLORING PROPERTIES
1. D and F
2. B
3. A and B
4. E and C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. F
9. C
10. B
Part A
1. Covalent
2. Polar
3. Dissolve
4. Cohesion
5. Positively, negatively
Part B
1. Oil will heat up faster than water because the heat capacity of oil is lower than
the heat capacity of water. Water requires more energy per gram of liquid to change its
temperature.
3. When the heat is raised as water is boiled, the higher kinetic energy of
the water molecules causes the hydrogen bonds to break completely and
allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas.
REFLECTION
I learned about the properties of water and intermolecular forces. I enjoyed most on
answering the activities. I want to learn more on the importance of this topic.
1. Ionic
2. Covalent network
3. Molecular
4. Metallic
5. Covalent network
6. Molecular
7. Molecular
8. Ionic
9. Ionic
10. J
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
Reflection
I learned that solids have different structures and the explanation why solids are
sometimes hard or soft. I enjoyed most on analyzing situations and multiple choices. It made
me read and learn more from the module and activities. I want to learn more on gases because
I’m done reading the module for solids and liquids. It interests me more to explore and
curious about the matter.