Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Expectations
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Solves problems involving systems of linear equations in two variables by (a) graphing; (b)
substitution; (c) elimination.
Exploration
Explanation
Exercises
Elaboration
After one week, what have you learned in this module? How to solve linear equation by substitution and
elimination method?
Evaluation
Expectations
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Differentiates linear inequalities in two variables from linear equations in two variables.
2. Illustrates and graphs linear inequalities in two variables.
Exploration
Explanation
Read pages 174-178.
Illustrating Linear Inequalities in Two variables
Exercises
Evaluation
Expectations
Exploration
Explanation
Read pages 181-190.
Elaboration
Evaluation
Answers page 187. Gear Up activity 1-10
Park Ridge School ofMontessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
LEARNING KIT 1 – EDUKASYON SA PAGPAPAKATAO 8
Kapwa ko, Mahal Ko
Oktubre 4-8, 2021
Ating Alamin
Sa pagtatapos ng modyul na ito, inaasahan na ang mga mag-aaral ay:
1. Nahihinuha na: Ang tao ay likas na panlipunang nilalang, kaya’t nakikipag-ugnayan siya sa kanyang
kapwa upang malinang siya sa aspetong intelektwal, panlipunan, pangkabuhayan, at politikal. Ang
birtud ng katarungan (justice) at pagmamahal (charity) ay kailangan sa pagpapatatag ng
pakikipagkapwa Ang pagiging ganap niyang tao ay matatamo sa paglilingkod sa kapwa - ang tunay
na Naisasagawa ang isang gawaing tutugon sa pangangailangan ng mga mag-aaral o kabataan sa
paaralan o pamayanan sa aspetong intelektwal, panlipunan, pangkabuhayan, o pulitikal
Ating Tuklasin
Lagyan ng butuin ang mga kilos na iyong ginagawa bilang gawi sa pakikipagkapwa.
Ating Aralin
Likas at karaniwan lamang para sa isang normal na tao ang pakikipag-ugnayan sa kapwa. Ang mabuting
pakIkipaguglaya Sa Kapwa nang nmay pagpapahalaga, maayos na pakikisalamuha sa ibang tao nang walang
halong pagkukunwari, at pagbibigay ng tulong nang buong puso nang hindi naghahangad ng kapalit
(charity) ay ang tunay na kahulugan ng pakikipagkapwa.
Bunga ng pakikipagkapwa ang pagkahubog ng aspektong intelektuwal, panlipunan, pangkabuhayan,
at pulitikal ng isang indibidwal. Nasusuri ang uri ng pagkatao sa kung paano ang kanyang pakikipagkapwa.
Mahalagang maipaganap ang birtud ng katarungan (justice) at pagmamahal sa pagpapatatag ng
pakikipagkapwa.
Pakikipagkapwa lamang ang susi ng pagiging ganap na tao at indikasyon ito ng pagmamahalan sa
isa't isa na siyang utos ng Diyos sa tao. Malilinang ang aspektong intelektuwal, panlipunan, pulitikal, at
pangkabuhayan ng tao sa mga impluwensiya ng kapwa tao at sa mga karanasan kasama sila. Ang pakikipag-
ugnayan na walang pagkukunwari at pagbibigay ng kabutihan ng buong puso ay ang tunay na kahulugan ng
pakikipagkapwa. Lahat tayo ay kailangan ang isa't isa upang mabuhay sa pagpapala ng iisang Diyos na
Maykapal. Kapwa ko, mahal ko!
Ating Gawin
A. Sa iyong sariling opinyon, ipaliwanag ang iyong pagkakaunaWa sa mga pangungusap sa ibaba.
1. Ang tao ay likas na panlipunang nilalang.
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2. Nagiging ganap lamang ang pagkatao at nagiging magiting kapaggumagawa ng kabutihan sa kapwa-
tao.
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Ating Isipin
A. Iguhit o ilarawan kung paano mo minamahal ang iyong kapwa sa pagpapatatag ng pakikipagkapwa.
B. Ipaliwanag ang ibig mong ipahiwatig sa iyong iginuhit.
Park Ridge School ofMontessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
LEARNING KIT 2 – EDUKASYON SA PAGPAPAKATAO 8
Kaibigang Tunay
Oktubre 11-15, 2021
Ating Alamin
Sa pagtatapos ng modyul na ito, inaasahan na ang mga mag-aaral ay:
1. Natutukoy ang mga taong itinuturing niyang kaibigan at ang mga natutuhan niya mula sa mga ito
2. Nasusuri ang kanyang mga pakikipagkaibigan batay sa tatlong uri ng pakikipagkaibigan ayon kay
Aristotle
Ating Tuklasin
Ating Aralin
Ang pakikipagkaibigan ay pakikipag-ugnayan sa kapwa nang may mabuting hangarin at pagmamahal. Ayon
nga kay Aristotle, ang tunay na pakikipagkaibigan ay nangyayari lamang sa pagitan ng mabubuting tao dahil
hinahangad nila ang ikabubuti ng kaibigan at hindi ang kasiyahang naidudulot o silbi nito sa kanila, Ang
mabuting tao ay may pagpapahalaga sa kaibigan tulad ng pagpapahalaga sa sarili.
May tatlong uri ng pakikipagkaibigan ayon kay Aristotle:
1. Pakikipagkaibigang nakabatay sa pangangailangan
Dahil lamang sa pangangailangan kaya itinuring na kaibigan. Gaya halimbawa ng mga sitwasyon
sa paaralan na kinakaibigan ang isang matalino at masipag sa pag-aaral upang magpatulong lamang sa mga
takdang-aralin at gawain sa klase ngunit sa oras na matapos na ang pangangailangan dito ay natatapos na
rin ang pagkakaibigan. Madalas ang ganitong uri ng pagkakaibigan ay hindi nagtatagal. Ngunit mayroon din
namang nananatiling magkaibigan dahil sa pagtanaw ng utang na loob.
2. Pakikipagkaibigang nakabatay sa pansariling kasiyahan
Ito ay karaniwan sa mga kabataan dahil hindi pa ganap ang gulang at karunungan nila na ang
damdamin pa at kapusukan ang mas nangingibabaw, Sa panahong ito ay masidhi ang pagnanais nila na
laging makasama ang taong nakapagpapasaya sa kanila kaya itinuturing nila itong kaibigan. Minsan, dito rin
nagsisimula ang pag-iibigan dahil sa pagnanais na laging magkapiling.
3. Pakikipagkaibigang nakabatay sa kabutihan
Higit na mabilis at madali lamang makipagkaibigan ngunit ang pagiging tunay na magkaibigan ay
kailangan ng panahon upang magkakilala nang lubusan ang isa't isa at ang mga pagsubok upang maging
matibay ang pagkakaibigan. Ang pagiging mabuti at may pagmamahal sa kaibigan ang nagpapatatag ng
ugnayan na ito. Gayundin, napasasaya ng magkaibigan ang isa't isa sapagkat ang kabutihan ay
nakapagbibigay ng lubos na kasiyahan. Hindi karaniwan ang ganitong uri ng pagkakaibigan. Batayan ng
kabutihan at pagmamahal ang pagpapatawad. Sa anumang ugnayan, hindi maiiwasan ang magkaroon ng
paminsan-minsang hindi pagkakaunawaan. Dito nasusubok at nalilinang ang ganap na lalim ng antas ng
pakikipag-ugnayan. Ang paghingi ng tawad ay hindi nangangahulugang Kaninaan bagkus ito ay
nagpapatunay ng kalakasan ng loob sapagkat ang pag-amin ng kamalian ay napakahirap tanggapin sa sarili,
Ang tunay na pagkakaibigan ay tumatanggap ng pagkakamali, kababaang loob, at numihingi ng tawad sa
kamaliang nagawa. Sa kabilang banda naman ay bukas ang puso at handang magpatawad alang-alang sa
pagkakaibigan.
Ating Gawin
Ating Isipin
Sa buong katapatan, ikaw ba ay isang tunay na kaibigan? Paano mo ito nasabi? Ipaliwanag ang sagot.
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Ating Subukin
Ating Alamin
Sa pagtatapos ng modyul na ito, inaasahan na ang mga mag-aaral ay:
1. Nahihinuha na: Ang pakikipagkaibigan ay nakatutulong sa paghubog ng matatag na pagkakakilanlan
at pakikisalamuha sa lipunan. Maraming kabutihang naidudulot ang pagpapanatili ng mabuting
pakikipagkaibigan: ang pagpapaunlad ng pagkatao at pakikipagkapwa at pagtatamo ng mapayapang
lipunan/pamayanan. Ang pagpapatawad ay palatandaan ng pakikipagkaibigang batay sa kabutihan
at pagmamahal. Nakatutulong ito sa pagtamo ng integrasyong pansarili at pagpapaunlad ng
pakikipagkapwa.
2. Naisasagawa ang mga angkop na kilos upang mapaunlad ang pakikipagkaibigan (hal.:
pagpapatawad)
Ating Tuklasin
Sagutin ang sumusunod ayon sa iyong sariling isip at damdamin.
1. Mayroon bang nabago sa iyo o sa iyong buhay buhat ng nagkaroon ka ng kaibigan?
2. May naidudulot bang mabuti sa iyo ang pakikipagkaibigan? Ano, paano, at bakit?
3. Sa iyong palagay, ano-ano ang pananagutan natin sa kaibigan?
Ating Aralin
Ilarawan kung ano ang kaibigan para sa iyo. Gawing simula ang bawat titik ng KAIBIGAN.
K–
A–
I–
B–
I–
G–
A–
N-
Ating Isipin
Bakit mahalaga ang kaibigan sa buhay mo? Ipaliwanag ang iyong sagot sa limang pangungusap.
Ating Subukin
-
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
LEARNING KIT 1 - ENGLISH 8
Compare and Contrast
October 4-8, 2021
Expectations
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Compare and contrast one’s beliefs/convictions with those presented in a material viewed
Exploration
What is your idea about the two pictures below?
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Explanation
Compare means to identify similarities between two or more things, persons and ideas.
Contrast means to identify differences.
A Venn diagram is a useful tool to help organize similarities and differences.
Identifying signal words makes comparing easier especially when ideas and subjects are compared
within the text.
Signal Words for Comparison
Also Just as
As well as Alike
Both Most important
Comparatively Similarly
In the same way The same as
In addition Too
Example:
Basketball and soccer are alike in that they are both ball games.
Example:
Basketball is played in wooden floor, whereas soccer is played in artificial or natural grass surface.
Exercises
After you have read the story “Pliant like the Bamboo” by Ismael V. Mallari, compare and contrast your
ideas by stating it below the two pictures provided for you.
Elaboration
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Evaluation
Write (T) if the statement is true or (F) if false. Write your answer before the number.
Expectations
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Compare and contrast the presentation of the same topic in different viewing genres
Exploration
When you hear the word genre, what comes immediately into your mind? Choose the words
associated with the term genre from the pool of words provided below.
genre
Explanation
Genres of Viewing
Genre is a term for any category of literature or other forms of art or literature.
Genres of Viewing Materials - compilation of group or materials all designed to be seen,
watched, or viewed.
Movie clip
Trailer
Documentary
Newsflash
Internet-based Program
Weather report
Video
Exercises
Identify the genre of each viewing material. Watch the video as the teacher present it to you.
Movie clip
Trailer
Documentary
News flash
Internet-base Program
Weather report
Video
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
Elaboration
Viewing helps you understand the message by seeking and checking understanding. It is classified
according to its purpose and type of information presented. The classification of viewing is called genres of
viewing.
What do you think is the most useful genre of viewing? Why do you think so?
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Would you believe that the genres of viewing can impact your study habits? In what
way?
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Evaluation
Use this log to keep track of your daily television or online viewing habits whether done at home or
at your neighbor’s place. At the end of day 5, add the viewing time for each day to discover your daily total
for viewing.
For those who do not have access to television, you may write zero in your viewing time.
Viewing
Day Show Title Notes
Time
Expectations
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
2. Discern positive and negative messages in a material viewed.
Exploration
Give words or phrases that you can associate to the word “Bias”.
BIAS
Explanation
Identifying Bias
An important part of evaluating an author’s ethos is identifying that author’s bias. Bias is any opinion that
influences a person’s thoughts, feelings, or actions. A person can be biased against something or have a bias for
something. An author’s bias is any opinion or prejudice that affects that author’s writing and prevents the author from
being completely neutral about the topic or issue about which s/he is writing.
How to determine what an author’s bias is:
The author may state directly some of his/her biases by telling the reader his/her opinions on certain topics or
admitting that s/he has a conflict of interest or preference. But when an author does not acknowledge his/her own
bias, a skilled reader can infer what an author’s bias may be by looking at the author’s diction and use of evidence.
When looking at the author’s use of evidence, ask yourself:
Does the author present more positive evidence for one side of an issue than the other?
Does the author present more negative evidence for one side of an issue than the other?
These are both clues that the author may be biased for or against a particular side.
Exercises
Is being biased of an author with his/her writing is a negative thing for the readers? Why? Why not?
Express your answer to 3-5 sentences.
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Elaboration
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Evaluation
The following paragraphs are from an article by Amy Alkon that examines the effects of beauty on
people’s (particularly women’s) lives. As you read these paragraphs, try to determine what Alkon’s biases
are. How does she feel about feminists? About people who try to improve their physical appearance?
Men's looks matter to heterosexual women only somewhat. Most women prefer men who are taller
than they are, with symmetrical features (a sign that a potential partner is healthy and parasite-free). But,
women across cultures are intent on finding male partners with high status, power, and access to resources—
which means a really short guy can add maybe a foot to his height with a private jet. And, just like women
who aren't very attractive, men who make very little money or are chronically out of work tend to have a
really hard time finding partners. There is some male grumbling about this. Yet, while feminist journalists
deforest North America publishing articles urging women to bow out of the beauty arms race and "Learn to
love that woman in the mirror!", nobody gets into the ridiculous position of advising men to "Learn to love
that unemployed guy sprawled on the couch!"
Now, before you brand me a traitor to my gender, let me say that I'm all for women having the vote,
and I think a woman with a mustache should make the same money as a man with a mustache. But you don't
help that woman by advising her, "No need to wax that lip fringe or work off that beer belly!" (Because the
road to female empowerment is...looking just like a hairy old man?)
Expectation
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Identify the external and internal parts of a fish.
2. Explain the phases or aspects of fish culture and species of fish that are commonly cultured in ponds.
Exploration
What is fish?
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Explanation
Exercises
A. Draw a fish and show the external and internal part of it. You can put color if you want. (Use an
extra paper and attach to your module.)
B. Compare and contrast the phases of fish culture, use Venn diagram in answering. (Use an extra paper
and attach to your module.)
C. Differentiates the species of fish that are commonly cultured in ponds. (use an extra paper and attach
to your module.)
Elaboration
What you have learned in this lesson?
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Evaluation
2.________ is one of the vital parts of the organ that helps the fishes to locate their foods especially those
that hunt in milky water or during the dark.
3.________ allow the fishes to stabilize, rotate, and act like a water-braking system to halt or slow down
their speed during swimming.
4.________ keeps the fish upright during swimming and also acts like a sub rudder to help fishes to steer
during high speed swim.
5.________ is one of the vital organs that help the fishes to detect movement in order to evade predators or
locate their preys.
6.________ is the control center of the fish where both automatic functions and higher behaviors occur.
7.________ is the part that connects the brain to the rest of the body and relays sensory information from the
body to the brain, as well as instruction from the brain to the rest of the body.
9.________ filters out liquid wastes in the blood and channels them out of the body.
10._______ is an organ that resembles thin fingers emanating from the stomach and intestine junction.
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
LEARNING KIT 2 – TLE 8
Fish Processing
October 18, 2021 – October 22, 2021
Expectation
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Identify the sizes and market forms of dressed fish.
Exploration
As a student what is your idea about preparing fish?
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Explanation
Drawn fish have been eviscerated. They must be scaled and, if the head is left on, must be degilled.
-This form is sold with the internal organs removed.
Dressed fish are ready to cook , usually with head, tail and fins removed.
-The scales, internal organs, fins, head, and tail are removed.
Fillets are the sides of the fish cut away from the backbone and are ready to cook. They are usually
boneless, with no waste.
-The most common cut and available from any fish – round or flat. Fillets from larger fish can be
futher cut into portions sized supreme or scallops.
Types of Fish Fillet
a. Butterfly fillet
Smaller whole fish, can be prepared by removing the head and cutting through either the back or
belly side of the fish. The two small fillets remain joined along one side, creating a butterfly fillet
when opened.
b. Quarter-cut Fillets
This is a single flat fish fillet that can be cut in half lengthways into quarter fillets.
c. Sticks
This is cut from fillets or steaks. They are usually from fish that had been minced and shaped,
breaded, and frozen.
Live Fish – Dalag (mudfish), hito (catfish), and tilapia are usually sold alive.
Steps in Preparing the Fish
1. Beheading – Remove the head by cutting it off on a slanted line following the gills. Fish which
weigh a half pound or less do not have to be headed but they should generally be gutted.
2. Gutting – In gutting a fish, cut from the gill cavity along the ventral fold to the anal vent. All the
guts must be removed. It is also a good commercial practice to remove the black membrane located
in the visceral cavity of many species.
3. Bleeding – All species of fish must be thoroughly bled – if the head has not been removed, cut the
throat; remove the gills and all blood vessels. Blood clot can cause discoloration, as well as bacterial
infection which would make the fish unfit for eating.
4. Cutting – The shape into which the fish is cut depends on local custom. But, for a rule of thumb –
under a pound, the fish may be left whole; from 1 to 10 pounds it should be split in two again from
head to tail. The collar bone behind the gills should be left intact when a fish is split in half.
Exercises
Compare and contrast the Market Forms of Fish. Use the space provided below.
Elaboration
I found out in this lesson that
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Evaluation
How it is important to find out the different sizes and market forms of fishes?
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Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
LEARNING KIT 3 – TLE 8
Methods used in Fish Curing
October 25, 2021 – October 29, 2021
Expectation
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Identify the methods used in fish curing.
Exploration
What is your idea about the method used in fish curing?
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Explanation
Fish Curing is an old industry in the Philippines. It is defined as the method of preserving fish by
means of salting, drying, smoking, and pickling. This processing method was commonly used in the past
when techniques were not yet developed. There are three basic principles involves in fish curing.
1. Removal of water so that microorganism cannot grow and multiply.
2. Addition of preservatives during the process.
3. Rendering enzymes to be inactive.
1.) Salting
This method of preserving fish is done by adding salt to the fish until it seeps through the fresh
forcing out water from the flesh. The salt takes the place of the extracted water and ties up the
remaining water molecules, thereby making the microorganism inactive. This method is called
osmosis.
Methods of Salting 4. Fermentation
1. Drying or Kench curing
2. Brine salting Steps in Salting Fish
3. Salting to make brine 1. The quality of the fish to be salted
2. Cleanliness in all operations 4. Oil drum
5. Salinometer
Tools and Equipment used in salting 6. Wooden basin
1. Fish scaler 7. Wooden vat
2. Knives 8. Wooden basket or kaing
3. Measuring Spoons
2.) Drying
This is the old method of preserving fish. This is done by exposing the fish to the heat of the heat of
the sun or by using mechanical kill or driers. There are three methods used in drying fish.
Methods of Drying
1. Sun Drying
2. Artificial Heat
3. Air blast
Tools and Equipment used in Drying
1. Anemometer
2. Bamboo basket
3. Bamboo tray
4. Drying platform
5. Oven
6. Psychrometer
7. Salinometer
3.) Smoking
This is a process of exposing the fish to wood smoke until it is golden brown. Wood smoke contains
chemicals that destroy bacteria which cause spoilage. Smoking is advantageous because it requires
only a minimal preservative, gives an attractive appearance, and adds a distinctive flavor and an
attractive color to fish process such as sun drying, brining, and boiling.
Types of Smoking
1. Hot Smoking or Barbeque Smoking
2. Cold Smoking
4.) Storing
This is another way of preserving fish. Low temperature is employed bringing down the body
temperature of the fish lower than 27̊C. When this is done, spoilage is slowed down. There are two
methods of storing fish using low temperature.
Methods of Storing
1. Chilling
2. Freezing
Exercises
Activity 1: Differentiates smoking, drying, storing and salting. Use the space provided below.
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Elaboration
Evaluation
Watch a video of the following and identify the importance of using the methods of fish cutting. Write your
reaction below.
1. Salting fish
2. Drying fish
3. Smoking fish
4. Storing fish
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
Learning Kit 1MAPEH 8 (MUSIC)
MUSIC OF EAST ASIA
OCTOBER (S.Y 2021-2022 )
Name:________________________________________ Grade Level &
Section:________________
Expectation
Exploration
Test how familiar you are with the given pictures. Identify the people, things, or places given below. Write
your answers on the spaces provided.
Explanation
Chinese Music
Traditional Chinese music can be traced back 7,000-8,000 years, based on the discovery of a
bone flute made in the Neolithic Age. Chinese music is considered as one of the oldest forms of
music in the world.
Traditional Chinese musical instruments can be divided into four categories; stringed,
percussion, plucked, and wind.
Musical Instruments
1. Horse-head Fiddle
The horse-headed fiddle is a bowed stringed-instrument famous for its
unique carved horse head. The sound it produces is similar to that of a horse
neighing which can be decibed as expansive and unrestrained.
2. Pipa
The pipa is a four-stringed lutevwith 30 frets. It is known for its
pearshapped body. The pipa is a well-known Chinese musical instrument that
originated in the Qin Dynasty.
3. Erthu
The Erthu, also known as the Hugin, is a musical instrument from the
western region. It was made during the Tang Dynasty. It plays an important role
in the famous Beijing opera.
4. Sheng
The Sheng is the Chinese mouth organ and is one of the oldest
Chinese musical instruments. It resembles a set of panpipes with 12
to 36 bamboo pipes,. Sheng can sound several notes simultaneously.
5. Zheng
The Zheng is an extended trapezoid with 16 to 25 strings
strehed over the movable bridges. It is one of the oldest Chinese
musical instruments.
6. Yunluo
The yunluo is a set of ten small turned gongs arranged in a
wooden frame. Each gong has its own thickness that can produce a
different pitch from the other gongs. Yunluo means “cloud gongs”
7. Bulang-go
The bulang-go is a pellet drum used to accompany folksongs and
ceremonies. It is also considered as a toy for children.
Instrumental Music
Ling Lun, a well-known scholar during the reign of the Yellow emperor, as tasked by
the Emperor himself to create an instrument that will imitate the call of the fenghuang-a
Chinese Phoenix. The fenghuang is an immortal bird that brings good omen to the reign of
an emperor.
One of the best-known instrumental pieces from ancient Chinese music is the “High
Mountains and Flowing Water”. The piece narrates the legendary friendship between
guqin master Yu Boya and Zhong Zigi. Althouhg the piece is still played today, it is not the
same original music from Yu.
The Book of Songs is a compilation of poems that have combined ancient Chinese
poetry with music. It is the very first complication of Chinese folk songs and ritual music.
The book is divided into three parts.
The “Mo Li Hua” is a Chinese folk song created during the Qing dynasty. This folk
song is famous not only in China but also around the world. The song depicts the act of
giving a flower or plucking a flower.
Exercises
Which among the Chinese musical instruments are most interesting for you?
Why?
Elaboration
Write on the sheet of paper below, the things you just learned about the Music of China. Create your
own title.
Title
Evaluation
DIRECTION: Identify the MUSIC OF EAST ASIA. Write your answer space provided.
______________________________1.Is a pellet drum used to accompany folksongs and ceremonies. It
is also considered as a toy for children.
______________________________7. is the Chinese mouth organ and is one of the oldest Chinese
musical instruments.
________________________________10. Is famous not only in China but also around the world.
Prepared by:
MRS. ARLENE M. VALDEZ
Teacher
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
Learning Kit 2 MAPEH 8 (ARTS)
ARTS OF EAST ASIA
OCTOBER ( S.Y 2021-2022 )
Name:________________________________________ Grade Level &
Section:________________
Expectation
Exploration
Do you think the Chinese have made significant contributions to our country? Can you mention
some of these Chinese influences in our culture?
Explanation
China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world dating back to 5000 years
ago. It developed such a rich culture that influenced its neighboring countries. Throughout
the centuries, it was ruled by powerful dynasties that lasted until the 20th century. Here are
some dynasties known for their arts and craftsis.
The first dynasty was the Hsia (Xia) dynasty (2205-1767 B.C). At present, it is noted
for its terracotta Army, a massive burial tomb built for the first emperor. It consists of over
8000 life-sized statues of soldiers buried along with the emperor.
The shang dynsty (1776-1121 B.C) followed the Hsia dynasty. It was during this
dynasty that the arts flourished. Other dynasties came after, but the Tang dynasty (618-906
A.D) has been considered a great period for painting and porcelain making. The Song
dynasty emerged in 960 and ended in 1276.
At the end of the last dynasty (qing), a new cultural movement started. The
communist party took over in 1912, and artist were assigned to mass produce paintings that
encouraged socialist ideologies. Art became a propaganda tool. Today, although china
remains Communist, it has opened its doors to the outside world.
Attire
Men and women of ancient China wore tunics. Womwn wore long tunics and pants
while men wore shorter tunics over their pants. In colder weather, they wore thick, warm
jackets.
The Chinese suit (Tang Zhuang) is a combination of Manchu jacket and western style
suit. Its color and design are traditional Chinese but the tailoring is western. Today, most
Chinese wear Western clothing, and traditional attire is worn only during religious festivals.
These are also seen in Chinese movies and TV series.
Aside from clothing. Silk has been used for other purposes such as paper, bow strings,
fishing lines, and canvas for painting. It has been such an important product from china that
trade route has become known as the Silk Road.
Kesi is a Chinese pictorial tapestry made entirely of silk with cut designs.
1. Bronze Vessels
Invented 5000 years ago, these vessels are inticately decorated with diverse motifs
and designs. These are used for several purpose such as for cooking, storing meat, and
as ritual and sacrificial vessels.
2. Embroidery
Chinese embroidery has a long history beginning from the Neolithic Age. It is usually
done in silk with various intricate stitches.
3. Calligraphy
this style of writing is widely practiced in China. It is consired as an art form.
4. Jade
Jade is a gemstone highly prized by the Chinese and is considered a lucky charm.
Jade can be carved or engraved with designs. A favorite motif is the dragon, the
symbol of the emperor.
5. Seals
Seals are made of metal, jade animal tooth or horn and are carved with
characteristics. Many people in China possess a personal name seals.
6. Paper Cutouts
Patterns are cut vividly and perfectly on red paper. This craft is done by female
artisans. The images are mostly animals and flower figures. Paper cutouts are used as
decorations and lucky charms.
7. Lacquerware
This is an art that developed in China in 4500 B.C. Lacquer is a hard and shiny finish
applied to materials such as wood and bamboo.
8. Cloisonne
Cloisonne is the technique of creating designs on metalwork objects using colored-
glass paste or inlays of cut gemstones, glass, and other materials.
9. Pottery or Ceramic
Objects such as jars, bowls, and vases are made of clay and hardened by heat in a kiln.
China pottery was developed during the Neolithic period.
10. Lantern
Chinese lanterns are a well-known symbol of China towns around the world. They are
red, oval shaped, and are made of bamboo, rattan or steel wire frame: the shade is
made of paper or silk.
11. Kite
The kite originated in China around 475-221 B.C. At first it was used as an
emergency warning device. Later, it became a form of entertainment.
12. Shadow Puppets
Shadow puppets originated in china 2000 years ago. It has been a widespread folk art
in the country.
13. Umbrella
The first umbrellas started in China, and were made of paper or silk with bamboo
frames or mulberry bark.
14. Folk Toys
Chinese folk toys a traditional folk art. They are used not only as simple objects but
also as festival decorations.
Sculpture
The life-sized Terracotta army for the tomb of the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is a
good example of acient Chinese sculpture. Later, small figures in pottery or wood were
placed in tombs for many centuries afterwards.
Architecture
Ancient chinese architecture has contributed to the architectectural system of the
world. Among its contributions are the architectural marvels of the great wall . the Forbidden
City, and the Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor.
Architecture in ancient China can be classified into two styles: the commoner and the
imperial style. The commoner style, used by merchants, bureaucrats, and farmers follow a set
of patterns. In the center of the building is a shrine for the deities and ancestors and on its two
sides are the bedrooms .
The Chinese pagoda is a traditional part of Chinese architecture. Its shape is square
and circular. The base is circular but later has become octagonal. It serves as a house for
offering sacrifices.
Exercises
Choose one architectural marvel of China; then, write a short story describing how
and why it was built and its importance in Chinese culture.
Elaboration
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Evaluation
_____________________4. These are used for several purposes such as for cooking.
_____________________8. The first started in China, and were made of paper or silk with bamboo.
Prepared by:
Expectation
Exploration
What can u say about the Aerobic exercises and Flexibility exercises?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
Explanation
Making time for fitness exercise is essential for it to become a part of your daily routine. In turn,
exercising will become one of your habits. It is important to include physical activities into your lifestyle
because exercises can help in achieving the physical, mental, and emotional wellness that you want to have.
There are two basic exercises that you can consider indulging in: aerobic exercises and flexibility
exercises.
A. Aerobic Exercises
Aerobic exercises are physical activities that can cause you to breathe harder and make your heart
beat faster. These exercises strengthen the heart and the lungs in order to deliver oxygen throughout the
body. Aerobic refers to how your body uses oxygen to provide energy that your body needs during vigorous
Benefits of Aerobic Exercises
4. Healthful weight
The following are some basic dance aero mixers that you can do with your peers or your family.
1. Run and Stamp• Run around in circles in a counterclockwise manner; then, stamp your feet four
times. Repeat the procedure twice.
2. Umbrella run. Form a circle with a group. Run to the middle of the circle while raising Your
hands UPWard; then, run back to your original position bringing your hands down to your side as
you go.
3. Elbow swings. With a partner, link your elbows together. Swing your partner around for four
counts.
4. Slide Shuffle. Form a group circle. Move in a counterclockwise manner for eight counts. On the
fourth count, clap your hands together. Move in a counterclockwise manner for another eight
counts; then, clap your hands on the first and fourth count. Repeat these steps twice.
5. Chorus line kicks. Standing sideways, form a line with your group. Put your arms on top of the
Shoulders of the ones at your left and at your right. Hop on your left foot (while kicking your
right foot) to the left for four times. Switch to the right foot and repeat the procedure. Do the
sequence twice.
6. Grapevine step. Step with the left foot sideward; then, place the right foot behind the left foot.
Step with the left foot sideward; then, move the right foot to put the feet together. Repeat these
twice.
7. Grand right and left. The dancers in the set move in a circular fashion. The boys will move
counterclockwise and the girls will move clockwise. All dancers Will meet halfway at the end of
the counting.
B. Flexibility Exercises
Flexibility is one of the components of health-related fitness. It is the ability to move the joints in a
full range of motion. The joint is the part of the body where the bones are connected. The joints are
important in doing daily activities, such as household chores.
Doing exercises that stretch the joints can help you perform easily your daily tasks. Flexibility
exercises contribute to the development of your overall physical fitness.
The following are some basic flexibility exercises that you can include in your exercise routine.
1. Knee-to-Chest Stretching
A. Lie down on a mat. Raise your legs; then, bend your knees.
B. Wrap your legs with your arms. Place your hands just below your knees.
C. Push one of your knees against your chest. Hold it for 30 seconds.
D. Repeat the procedure for the other knee.
2. Sitting Hamstring Stretch
A. Sit on a mat with your legs outstretched forward.
B. Lean forward to reach for your toes. Do not bend your knees as you reach forward.
3. Hip Stretch
A. Take a long step forward. Raise your right foot, resting your right knee on your left knee.
Align your right knee with your ankle and bend it on a right angle.
B. Place both of your hands on your right knee for balance. Shift your weight forward while
tilting your trunk and pelvis slightly backward. Hold your left knee in place to stretch the hip
and thigh muscles.
Performing these simple aerobic exercises is one way to develop your cardiovascular endurance and
coordination. You can also foster cooperation among your friends or your family by engaging in
aerobics.
Exercises
Performed your own simple aero dance routine. The dances routine should have at least
four kinds of steps . Choose a background music for you aero dance routine. ( video your
presentation and then send it to me).
Elaboration
2. Will you recommended this exercises routine to your family and friends? Why or why not?
Evaluation
1. Flexibility-
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________
2. Joints-
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________
3. Aerobics-
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________
Prepared by:
MRS. ARLENE M. VALDEZ
Teacher
Park Ridge School of Montessori Incorporated
Camias, San Miguel, Bulacan
LEARNING KIT 1- SCIENCE 8
Lesson: 3-4 ELECTRICITY(Ohm`s Law and Resistor Connectors)
Date: October 4-8 , 2021
EXPECTATIONS
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
Explain the effects of current on the body
Use Ohm`s Law in solving simple problems
Find the equivalent resistance of a group of resistors
EXPLORATION
When you’ve heard the word Law and Connectors, what comes to your mind?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
GREAT JOB! LATER WE WILL SEE IF YOUR ANSWERS ARE CORRECT BY READING THE REST
OF THIS MODULE!
EXPLANATION
Ohm's law defines a linear relationship between the voltage and the current in an electrical circuit. The
resistor's voltage drop and resistance set the DC current flow through the resistor. With water flow analogy
we can imagine the electric current as water current through pipe, the resistor as a thin pipe that limits the
water flow, the voltage as height difference of the water that enables the water flow.
The resistor's current I in amps (A) is equal to the resistor's voltage VR=V in volts
(V) divided by the resistance R in ohms (Ω):
V is the voltage drop of the resistor, measured in Volts (V). In some cases Ohm's law uses
the letter E to represent voltage. E denotes electromotive force.
I is the electrical current flowing through the resistor, measured in Amperes (A) R is
the resistance of the resistor, measured in Ohms (Ω)
Voltage Calculation
When we know the current and resistance, we can calculate the voltage.
The voltage V in volts (V) is equal to the to the current I in amps (A) times the resistance R in ohms (Ω):
V=IR
Resistance Calculation
When we know the voltage and the current, we can calculate the resistance.
The resistance R in ohms (Ω) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) divided by the current I in amps (A):
R=V
I
Since the current is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across the ends of a conductor, it
means that if the potential difference across the ends of a conductor is doubled, the current flowing through
it also gets doubled, and if the potential difference is halved, the current also gets halved . On the other
hand, the current is inversely proportional to resistance. So, if the current is doubled the current gets halved,
and if the resistance is halved, the current gets doubled. Thus, the strength of an electric current in a given
conductor depends on two factors :
Resistance of a conductor
The electric current is a flow of electrons through a conductor. When the electrons move from one of
the conductor to the other part, they collide with other electrons and with the atoms and ions present in the
body of the conductor. Due to these collisions, there is some obstructions or oppositions to the flow of
electron current through the conductor. The property of a conductor due to which it opposes the flow of
current through it is resistance. The resistance of a conductor is numerically equal to the ratio of potential
difference across its ends to the current flowing through it.
The resistance of a conductor depends on length, thickness, nature of the material and temperature,
of the conductor. A long wire (or a conductor) has more resistance and a short wire has less resistance.
Again, a thick wire has less resistance whereas a thin wire has more resistance. Rise in temperature of a
wire (or a conductor) increases its temperature.
The SI unit of resistance is Ohm which is denoted by a Greek letter omega, Ω. The unit of
resistance is ohm, can be defined by using Ohm's Law as described on the next page.
Georg Simon Ohm, (born March 16, 1789, Erlangen, Bavaria [Germany]—died July 6, 1854, Munich),
German physicist who discovered the law, named after him, which states that the current flow through a
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) and inversely proportional to the
resistance.
Ohm became professor of mathematics at the Jesuits’ College at Cologne in 1817. The most important
aspect of Ohm’s law is summarized in his pamphlet Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (1827;
The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically). While his work greatly influenced the theory and
applications of current electricity, it was so coldly received that Ohm resigned his post at Cologne.
He accepted a position at the Polytechnic School of Nürnberg in 1833. Finally his work began to be
recognized; in 1841 he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London and was made a
foreign member a year later. The ohm, the physical unit measuring electrical resistance, also was named for
him.
EXERCISES
Directions : Answer the following questions.
1. What is the relationship between current and voltage?
2. How does current affect the human body?
ELABORATION
Directions : Answer the following questions. Look at the connections of wirings in your house.
1. Which are connected in series?
EVALUATION
1. In the circuit below, which two elements are connected parallel to each other?
a. A and B b. B and C c. C and D d. A and D
4. What happens to the intensity or the brightness of the lamps connected in series as more and more lamps
are added? a. increases c. remains the same
b. decreases d. cannot be predicted
EXPECTATIONS
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
Calculate the electrical power and energy
Enumerate ways of being able to use electricity safely.
EXPLORATION
Activity 1: Complete Me
Directions: Read the statements properly and complete them correctly.(2pts.each)
1. One of the advantages of series connections is, there is only a single path for electric current because
.
2. One of the advantages of parallel connections is, it has many possible paths of electrical flow
because .
EXPLANATION
Electric Power Is the rate at which work is completed. the speed at which electricity is transferred to a
circuit. it's also the speed, per unit time, at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit. The SI unit
of power is Watt (W in symbol), is equal to one joule per second. electrical power is sometimes produced by
electric generators, but may also be supplied by sources like electric batteries. Electrons are given energy by
a voltage source or battery in v (volts or Coulombs/seconds C/s) where C/s is electric potential energy and
also electrons pass through the circuit and collide with atom in components and lose its energy and
converted into heat, light, or motion.
That is; 1 W·s = 1 J 1 W·h = 3600 W·s = 3600 J The formula that links energy and power is:
Energy = Power x Time. The unit of energy is the joule, the unit of power is the watt, and the unit of time is
the second.
Sample problem. A microwave oven with a power rating of 1, 200 W is used for 0.25 hour. How much
electrical energy is used by the microwave?
P = 1, 200 W (1.2 w) 1 kW (kilowatt = 1000 watt) Time is 0.25 hour
E = Pt
E = (1.2) x (0.25) = 0.30 kWh
EXERCISES
Directions: Below are statements which tells about electrical power and electrical energy. Identify
each statement whether electrical power by writing EP and electrical energy by writing EE on the
blank spaces provided before the number. (2pts.each)
___ 1. The rate at which work is done. The rate at which electrical energy is transferred to a circuit.
___ 2. Is a measure of how much energy is used in a span of time.
___ 3. Refers to the energy resulting from the flow of electric charge.
___ 4. Defined as an electric charge that lets work be accomplished.
___ 5. It is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied by sources such as electric
batteries.
ELABORATION
A. Directions: Locate the needed word below by encircling and writing the answers on the blank
provided. (2pts.each)
3. Electrons pass through the circuit and collide with atom in components and lose its energy and
converted into ______ e.g., heat, light, or motion.
5. Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric
_________.
B. Directions: Use the diagram below to identify the difference and similarities of electrical
power and electrical energy.(10pts.)
EVALUATION
P = IV W/T
I = P / V
E=PT
EXAMPLES
1. The energy used by the iron for 1 minute is 33 kJ, at a voltage of 220 volts. How large the
current is in the iron.
Known :
Time interval (t) = 1 minute = 60 seconds
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Energy (W) = 33 kiloJoule = 33,000 Joule
Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Wanted : Electric current (I)
Solution :
Electrical power is the electrical energy used during a certain time interval.
P = W / t = 33,000 Joule / 60 seconds
P = 550 Watt
Electric current :
I = P / V = 550 / 220 = 2.5 Ampere
2. A 220 V – 5 A electric lamp is used for 30 minutes. How much energy does it require?
Solution :
Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Electric current
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(I) = 5 Ampere
Time (t) = 30 minutes = 30 x 60 seconds = 1800 seconds
Electric power (P) :
P = V I = (220 Volt)(5 Ampere) = 1100 Volt Ampere = 1100 Watt = 1100 Joule/second
Electric energy = Electric power x time = (1100 Joule/second)(1800 second)
Electric energy = 1,980,000 Joule = 1,980 kiloJoule
Known :
Power (P) = 60 Watt = 60 Joule/second
Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Time (t) = 4 minutes = 4 x 60 seconds = 240 seconds
Wanted: Electric power
Solution :
3. A 220 V – 60 W solder is used for 4 minutes. How much energy does it require.
Known :
Power (P) = 60 Watt = 60 Joule/second
Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Time (t) = 4 minutes = 4 x 60 seconds = 240 seconds
Wanted: Electric power
Solution :
220 Volt – 60 Watt means the electric solder works well if the potential difference or voltage is
220 volts and has a power of 60 Watt = 60 Joule/second, means that electric solder using the
energy of 60 Joules per second.
Electric energy = electric power x time interval = (60 Joule/second)(240 second) = 14,400 Joule.
EXPECTATIONS
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
Explain the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation, and other safety devices
in the home.
EXPLORATION
Activity 1: Guessing Time
Directions: Identify the following illustrations/drawings.(2pts. Each)
1.
3.________________----
2.______________
EXPLANATION
Electricity is a vital a part of our lives that can't be taken with a pinch of salt. To avoid accidents, it's
important that we've basic knowledge on electricity and exercise caution in managing it.
Circuits may also be protected by circuit breakers that use magnets and bimetallic strip to open a
switch in cases of overloading. Circuit breakers are often used instead of fuses in modern buildings because
they do not have to be replaced each time the circuit is opened.
A fuse and circuit breaker both serve to protect an overloaded electrical circuit by interrupting the
continuity, or the flow of electricity. Fuses tend to be quicker to interrupt the flow of power, but must be
replaced after they melt, while circuit breakers can usually simply be reset.
Double insulation
Some appliances - such as vacuum cleaners and electric drills - do not have an earth wire. This is
because they have plastic casings, or they have been designed so that the live wire cannot touch the casing.
As a result, the casing cannot give an electric shock, even if the wires inside become loose.
An electrical appliance which is double insulated does not have an earth wire fitted. The
appliance is designed in such a way that the electrical parts can never come into contact with the outer
casing of the device.
Double insulation protects the user of the appliance from an electrical shock by preventing any
possibility of the external casing becoming live (the live wire cannot touch the casing even if wires inside
become loose), thus eliminating the need for an earth connection.
Double insulation protects the user of the appliance from an electrical shock by preventing any
possibility of the external casing becoming live (the live wire cannot touch the casing even if wires inside
become loose), thus eliminating the need for an earth connection.
Earthing is the process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the
earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing. Mostly, the galvanized iron is
used for the earthing. The earthing provides the simple path to the leakage current.
Earthing of a system is done in the installation to connect the respective parts with electrical
conductors or electrodes. The electrode is placed near the soil or below the ground level, which has flat iron
riser under the ground. The noncurrent-carrying parts are connected with the flat iron.
Why is an Earthing Necessary? Earthing is an important component of electrical systems because of
the following reasons: It keeps people safe by preventing electric shocks. It prevents damage to electrical
appliances and devices by preventing excessive current from running through the circuit.
EXERCISES
Directions: Tell the functions of the following safety devices in the home and explain them briefly.
(4pts.each)
1. Circuit Breakers
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Fuses
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Earthing
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Double Insulations
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
ELABORATION
EVALUATION
Directions : Answer the following questions. Express your answer in 5-7 sentences.(10pts.each)