PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

Submitted by

Mr. THOMAS JOSEPH

Msc (N) 1st Year
Mental Health Nursing
Oriental College Of Nursing
Bangalore.

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND Mr. THOMAS JOSEPH

ADDRESS        1st year M.Sc. Nursing.
Oriental college of nursing
#45/52, Industrial town, West of Chord Road
Rajajinagar
Bangalore-10

0
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Oriental college of nursing
#45/52, Industrial town, West of Chord Road
Rajajinagar
Bangalore-10
3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Year Msc nursing,
Mental Health Nursing
4. DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE 13/05/2010
COURSE
5. TITLE OF THE STUDY “A study to assess the occupational
stress and relaxation techniques
employed by workers in selected
construction sites, Bangalore.”
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE WORK
6.0 Introduction Enclosed
6.1 Need For The Study Enclosed
6.2 Review Of Related Literature Enclosed
6.2.1 Statement Of The Problem Enclosed
6.3 Objectives Of The Study Enclosed
6.3.1 Operational Definitions Enclosed
6.3.2 Assumptions Enclosed
6.3.3 Hypothesis Enclosed
6.3.4 Sampling Criteria
Inclusion criteria Enclosed
Exclusion criteria Enclosed
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
1 Sources of data: Construction workers who are working in selected construction sites
Bangalore.
2. Method of data collection: Interview method.
3.Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on the
patients or other humans or animals? 
No
4. Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?
YES. Ethical committee’s report is here with enclosed
8. List of References Enclosed
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION

1
 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
Mr. THOMAS JOSEPH
1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE st
1 year M.Sc. Nursing.
AND ADDRESS Oriental college of nursing
#45/52, Industrial town, West of Chord Road
Rajajinagar.
Bangalore-10

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Oriental College Of Nursing,

Bangalore-560079

3. COURSE OF STUDY AND 1st Year Msc Nursing

SUBJECT Mental Health Nursing

4. DATE OF ADMISSION OF 13/05/2010

THE COURSE

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC “A study to assess the occupational stress

and relaxation techniques employed by
workers in selected construction sites,
Bangalore.”

6. BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK

6.0 INTRODUCTION

2
 “To get to the root of stress we must change the way we look at it first”. 

- Darin a Stoyanova

Work related stress is the physical or psychological disorder associated with

an occupational environment and manifested symptoms such as extreme anxiety,

tension, cramps, headaches or digestion problems.1 The Health and Safety Executive

(HSE) defines stress as the 'adverse reaction people have to excess pressure or other

types of demands placed on them'. Occupational stress, or workplace stress in this

context, refers to stress experienced as a direct result of a person's occupation. The

surveys show incidences of anxiety and depression within the construction industry.

Anxiety is defined as 'a complex combination of the feeling of fear, apprehension and

worry often accompanied by physical sensations such as palpitations, chest pain

and/or shortness of breath'; and depression is defined as 'a mental state of depressed

mood characterized by feelings of sadness, despair or discouragement.2

Job or occupational stress is something we all face as employees or employers

and we all handle it differently. It is a mismatch between the individual capabilities

and organizational demands. Also it is a mismatch between the expectations of both

individual and organization. Stress not only affects the physical, psychological and

financial balances of an employee but also the employers as well. Desired results

cannot be expected from employees who are burnt out, exhausted or stressed, as they

losses their energy, accuracy and innovative thinking. By this, employers may loose

more working days there by a decrease in productivity and increase in cost to

company. By virtue, some jobs are highly stressful like Army, Police, Fire Service

and construction fields.3

3
 20 years back - Have you ever heard of a cardiac arrest, blockage in angina,

high cholesterol and high diabetic to an employee in the age group of 30 to 40?

Similarly have you heard of early retirement, mental strain, absenteeism and burnout?

Occupational stress is the interaction of the worker and the conditions of work.

Downsizing, increased workloads, high competition, growing population etc are

taking their toll. Occupational stress has become a common and costly problem,

leaving few workers untouched. Not all stress is bad. Learning how to deal with and

manage stress is critical to maximizing job performance, staying safe on the job, and

maintaining physical and mental health.3

For weeks, with plagued aching muscles, headache, loss of appetite, restless

sleep, a complete sense of exhaustion, difficulty in concentrating, job dissatisfaction,

low morale, alienation, short-temper and irritation are the symptoms of stress. During

stress, as a pre-programmed biological system, brain activates hormone release, pulse,

respiration, muscles to defend the alarming situation. Every person faces this

situation, but repetition of the same in frequent intervals is a cause of concern.

Continuing the body in such constant state of activation damages the biological

systems. Such recurrent misbalance causes fatigue and curtails the bodily ability to

defend.3

In other words occupational stress is stress at work. Job stress can be defined

as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of

the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can

lead to poor health and even injury. Occupational stress occurs when there is a

discrepancy between the demands of the environment/workplace and an individual’s

ability to carry out and complete these demands. Often a stressor can lead the body to

have a physiological which in turn will result on a strain on a person physically as

4
well as mentally. One of the main causes of occupational stress is work overload.

Occupational stress is often caused by an increased workload without the addition of

employees to take on that additional work. Instead the increased amount of work is

given to the current employees to finish in the same time span that they would be

asked to finish their regular or standard workload.4

Yet people would generally regard management and professional occupations

in construction to be by nature demanding, with deadlines to manage, tight margins,

and needing multi-skills to complete complex projects. In one breath the industry can

be challenging and stimulating, providing exciting careers and a great sense of

achievement, and in the next the pressures can take their toll raising stress levels and

tipping individuals into anxiety and depression. In addition an online survey on the

Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) website showed that 84% of construction

professionals polled felt that stress in the construction industry was a factor for poor

retention level.5

5
6.1NEED FOR STUDY

I’m stressed out. “The reality may be that the worker saying this is, in fact,

experiencing an occupational illness. Many employees undergo stress as a normal part of

their jobs, but some experience it more severely than others, to the point that they need

time away from work. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Survey of Occupational Injuries

and Illnesses classifies occupational stress as “neurotic reaction to stress.” There were

3,418 such illness cases in 1997. The median absence from work for these cases was 23

days, more than four times the level of all nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses.

And more than two-fifths of the cases resulted in 31 or more lost workdays, compared to

one-fifth for all injury and illness cases.6

The survey found that the majority of respondents (68.2%) had suffered from

stress, anxiety or depression as a direct result of working in the construction industry.

This was broken down further to show that 61.9% of respondents had experienced stress,

48.4% had experienced anxiety and 18.5% had experienced depression. It was notable

that only 26.6% of those who had experienced stress, anxiety or depression had sought

medical advice. Further analysis showed that those who had suffered depression were

marginally more likely to seek medical help; 28.6% of those who had suffered depression

compared to 24.8% of those who had suffered stress and 17.3% of those who had

suffered anxiety. The survey also found that only 6% of those who had experienced

occupational stress had taken time off for this reason. Of those who had taken time off,

almost three quarters of them were absent for a week or less. Significantly, 84.8% of

respondents felt that the construction industry today does not adequately address issues of

6
mental health in the workplace. However, half of respondents felt that the organization

they belonged to was doing enough to adequately address mental health issues.7

Although the limitations in the methodology mean that this cannot be taken as a

definitive picture of occupational stress within the construction industry, it suggests that

this is a significant issue which requires further research. From this study, it can be seen

that certain factors were rated more highly by respondents as being causes of workplace

stress. The most common causes in this study were found to be: lack of feedback

(56.8%), poor communication (55.7%), inadequate staffing (55%), too much work

(64.1%), ambitious deadlines (59.7%), pressure (59.9%) and conflicting demands

(52.2%). Site safety and inadequate equipment were among the lowest scoring factors

with over 80% stating that these were not a cause of occupational stress. Bullying was

also not commonly reported, with 86% of respondents saying that this was not a cause of

stress. The most commonly cited factor that assisted respondents in coping with

workplace stress was support from their colleagues (81%). The research also gave

respondents the opportunity to discuss their views on occupational stress factors that had

not been covered in the main body of the survey. In this section, commonly recurring

factors described as causing occupational stress included client expectations and

demands, long travelling times, lack of skilled operatives, poor subcontractors and the

lack of work/life balance. When asked to discuss the factors that helped respondents cope

with stress, the most common elements included their life outside work, regular exercise,

taking regular time out of the office and team building events.8

Data from Survey of Work Related Illness (SWI) estimated that 563,000

(95% CI 530,000 to 596,000) individuals in Britain were suffering from work-related

7
stress, depression or anxiety. A further estimated 80,000 people reported work related

heart disease. Evidence from SWI95 suggests that the majority of these ascribe their

condition to stress. Data from the Stress and Health at Work survey (SHAW) indicated

that almost 20% of working individuals rated their work into the top two work stress

categories of very and extremely stressful when asked to consider how stressful their job

was on a 5-point scale. SHAW study authors considered that these individuals

represented those exposed to work-stress and estimate on this basis that 5 million British

workers believe they are exposed to work stress. The almost ten-fold difference in

SHAW and SWI estimates arises because they are measuring different things. SWI

estimates represent more serious cases where individuals reported unprompted that work

stress was making them ill, i.e. had some significant physical or psychological impact on

their health, whereas SHAW survey estimates represent individuals’ assessments of the

stress levels in their job. In this context SHAW survey data may best be considered as an

estimate of the numbers who believe they are exposed to significant amounts of work

stress and SWI estimates as an estimate of the number that believe they suffered some

significant effects as a result of such exposure.9

There were an estimated 3,418 cases of occupational stress involving days away

from work in 1997. This was the lowest number of cases in the 1992-97 periods.

Compared to 1992, there were 15 percent fewer cases of occupational stress in 1997.

Bureau of labor statistics (BLS) first collected data on detailed case characteristics of

nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses in 1992. Cases of occupational stress

involving days away from work are classified by BLS as cases of "neurotic reaction to

8
stress." Occurrences of neurotic reaction to stress are relatively infrequent—the incidence

rate for private industry was 4 cases per 100,000 full-time workers in 1997.10

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) commissioned research has indicated that

about half a million people in the UK experience work-related stress at a level they

believe is making them ill. Up to 5 million people in the UK feel "very" or "extremely"

stressed by their work. A total of 12.8 million working days were lost to stress,

depression and anxiety in 2004/5. Occupational stress costs businesses at least £4bn.

The Chartered Institute of Personal Development (CIPD) Annual Survey Report

(2005) also indicated that stress is a major cause for concern. In their study of 1,038 HR

practitioners they found that stress and mental ill health were the top two causes of ill

health among non-manual employees. 39% of employers reported an increase in stress

related absence compared to the previous year. They found that the main reported cause

of stress across all sectors was workload/volume of work experienced by individuals. The

mental health charity Together conducted a stress poll in London in June 2005 which

found that over half of the employees they surveyed thought that stress in the workplace

was a serious issue. Interestingly, over 40% also felt that their career would suffer if they

admitted to suffering from occupational stress. It suggested that employers did not fully

recognize the extent of workplace stress, nor did they have adequate procedures in place

for managing stress related problems. Little research has been conducted into

occupational stress in the construction industry specifically; however the HSE and HSC

have launched the pilot scheme 'Constructing Better Health' which aims to improve

occupational health in the industry.19

9
 The study by the Indian Council for Research on International Economic

Relations, a New Delhi-based research group, said India’s rapid economic expansion has

boosted corporate profits and employee incomes, but has also sparked a surge in

workplace stress and lifestyle diseases that few Indian companies have addressed they

often spend 12-hour days on work related duties and an equal number frequently.11

The construction industry is important in any nation’s economy as it contributes

to the process of development. It equally has many features that set it apart from other

industries and which accentuate the need for professional engagement. The team for each

project is assembled from a disparate collection of professionals, subcontractors,

craftsmen, artisans, laborers and suppliers within and outside the industry. Construction

relates to the erection or assembly of large structures. It is in common usage, most

frequently applied to such major works as buildings, ships, aircrafts and public works

such as roads, rails, dams and bridges. Construction process requires a lot of physical

activities that are stressful to the participants in the industry. In view of the nature of

production processes that take place in the industry, construction work is an inherently

dangerous occupation and highly prone to stressful environment. Researchers’ interests in

job-related stress have increased dramatically in recent years. This is because many

researchers believe that stress is becoming a major contributor to absenteeism, low

employee morale, high accident and turnover rates, decreased productivity and increased

company medical expenses.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

10
 As early as in the 1980s people in the field of occupational health have already

been attempting to define and manage occupational or job stress. In 1986, an extensive

mail and telephone survey was conducted which includes the purpose of discovering

what an occupational stress means. In the process, they learned that “corporate and labor

definitions of occupational stress were widely divergent”. Stress as defined by corporate

respondents, was primarily due to maladaptive personal lifestyles of a worker and poor

person-environment fits. On the other hand, labor representatives picture stress as the

product of organizational conditions that promoted loss of control, work overloading and/

or under loading.

A study was conducted on the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal problems;

especially low back pain and severe low back ache in a randomly selected sample of

1,773 construction workers. Its relationship to physical and psychosocial factors was

analyzed. The workers answered a postal questionnaire. Workload was measured by

means of eight manual materials handling indices and ten psychosocial indices, based on

results from factor analyses. The 1-year prevalence rate of low back pain was 54% and of

severe low back pain 7%. The relationship to heavy manual materials handling differed

with age in such a manner that it could be interpreted as a healthy worker effect. Between

severe low back pain and either stooping or kneeling a dose-response relationship was

found. The most prominent of the psychosocial factors associated with low back pain and

severe low back pain were the stress index and the psychosomatic and psychic indices.

The age-standardized prevalence rate ratio of low back pain was 1.6 (95% confidence

interval 1.4-1.8) and for severe low back pain 3.1 (95% confidence interval 2.3-4), when

workers reporting "high" stress were compared to workers reporting "low" stress.12

11
 Another study was conducted on manageability of stress among construction

project participants in construction industry Hong Kong. Thirty-three stressors covering

various aspects of project implementation, such as organization policies, working

relationships, communication and personal factors, are identified and the manageability

of the common stressors faced by management of construction projects in Hong Kong is

assessed by means of a questionnaire survey. The relationships among individual

stressors are similarly examined. The extent to which stress effects combine and

accumulate when related stressors coexist is also considered. The finding of the study

was that the most difficult stressors to manage are “bureaucracy”, “lack of opportunity to

learn new skills”, “work-family conflicts” and “different view from superiors”. The

results also revealed that the patterns of stress manageability differ between clients,

consultants and contractors. The relationships among individual stressors are similarly

examined. The extent to which stress effects combine and accumulate when related

stressors coexist is also considered.13

A preliminary study of stress among constructional site managers shows result of

a pilot study investigating stress among site managers in a large UK construction

organization. It involved in-depth interviews and standardized psychosocial

questionnaires. A total of 36 male middle and senior construction site managers took part

in the study. The major sources of stress isolated by the managers were related to;

communication problems; work overload; conflict; and the limited time spent with

family. The results revealed that job satisfaction levels were not as high as comparable

managerial groups, and most dissatisfaction was related to employee relations issues.

Mental well-being was lower than for other population groups. Furthermore, low levels

12
of social support from a spouse or partner were significantly associated with high anxiety,

depression and reduced level of mental well-being. Comparisons with white-collar

managers are made and the article also proposes recommendations based on the findings

of this study.14

A review on the relations among safety climate like safety attitudes and

communication, psychological strains, psychological distress, job satisfaction, and safety

performance. Here a questionnaire was administered to construction workers from 27

construction sites. (N=374, M=366, F=8, mean AGE =36.68 years). Data were collected

by in-depth interviews and a survey from February to May 2000. A path analysis using

the EQS-5 was employed to test the hypothesized model relating safety climate, safety

performance, and psychological strains. The results provide partial support for the model,

in that safety attitudes predict occupational injuries, and psychological distress predicts

accident rates. Furthermore, psychological distress was found to be a mediator of the

relationship between safety attitudes and accident rates. The implications of these results

for psychological interventions in the construction industry are discussed.15

The Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol 3(4), Oct 1998, 294-305

reveals that person environment fit and demand-control theoretical models developed to

explain stress and strain, in the workplace have guided the construction of most measures

of occupational stress. The strengths and limitations of 8 job stress measures are briefly

reviewed, and the Job Stress Survey (JSS), designed to assess the severity and frequency

of occurrence of 30 specific sources of occupational stress, is described in some detail.

Factor analyses of responses to the JSS items identified Job Pressure and Lack of

13
Organizational Support as major dimensions of occupational stress for male and female

employees in a wide variety of work settings. JSS Index, scale, subscale, and item scores

assess general and specific aspects of the work environment that are most distressing for

individual workers and that adversely affect groups of employees.16

Job stress and more generally, employee health has been a relatively neglected

area of research among industrial/organizational psychologists. An empirical research

that has been done is reviewed within the context of six facets (i.e., environmental,

personal, process, human consequences, organizational consequences, and time) of a

seven facet conceptualization of the job stress–employee health research domain. A

general and a sequential model are proposed for tying the facets together. It is concluded

that some of the major problems of the research in this area are: confusion in the use of

terminology regarding the elements of job stress, relatively weak methodology within

specific studies, the lack of systematic approaches in the research, the lack of

interdisciplinary approaches, and the lack of attention to many elements of the specific

facets.17

A study was investigated job stress among 442 employees from 19 divisions in a

Japanese company using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Job stress of the employees

was estimated by the score for total health risk. Among the 19 divisions, two divisions

showed over 120 points of mean total health risk score. Intervention with a stress-

reduction program was carried out in these 2 divisions. First, to assess the job stress,

health care staff interviewed all workers in the 2 divisions. Second, the results of the

interviews were reported to the divisions' managers. Third, the managers applied the best

remedy for job stress in their workplaces.1

14
 In addition, occupational health staff conducted mental health education

as well as individual interviews for the workers from the 2 divisions. At reevaluation one

year later, both divisions showed a decreased general health risk (under 120 points). No

sick leaves for depression occurred within the 2 divisions during the intervention. The

results of the present study suggest that the intervention was effective in easing

occupational stress for high-stress workers. The stress reduction program also seemed to

have helped managers to change their recognition of occupational mental health and

enabled close cooperation with occupational health staff, which may improve mental

health in the workplace.18

6.2.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A study to assess the occupational stress and relaxation techniques

employed by workers in selected construction sites, Bangalore”.

6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To assess the occupational stress in construction workers.

 To assess relaxation techniques employed by construction workers to

reduce occupational stress.

 To find out the correlation between occupational stress and relaxation

techniques.

 To determine the association between the occupational stress, relaxation

techniques among construction workers and selected demographic

variables.

15
6.3.1 Operational definition

 Occupational stress: Occupational Stress is stress at work. Job stress can be

defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the

requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the

worker as assessed by rating scale.

 Relaxation techniques: A relaxation technique is any method, process,

procedure, or activity that helps a person to relax; to attain a state of increased

calmness.

 Construction workers: Persons who do metro rail construction work in selected

construction sites Bangalore.

6.3.2 Assumptions

1. It is assumed that the construction workers may have occupational stress and

improper relaxation techniques to reduce it.

6.3.3 Hypothesis

1. There will be significant relation between occupational stress and relaxation

techniques.

2. There will be significant association between occupational stress and selected

demographic variables.

3. There will be significant association between relaxation techniques and selected

demographic variables.

6.3.4 Sampling criteria

16
Inclusion criteria

1. Construction workers who are available at the time of data collection

2. Construction workers who can follow English, Kannada or Hindi.

3. Construction workers who are willing to participate.

Exclusion criteria

1. Construction workers who have already received special education regarding

relaxation techniques to reduce occupational stress.

2 .Construction workers who are irregular.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCES OF DATA: The data will be collected from construction workers who are

working in selected construction sites Bangalore.

7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

1. Research approach : Survey approach.

2. Research design : Descriptive design.

3. Setting : The study will be conducted in selected number of

Constructional sites Bangalore.

4. Population : All construction workers in Bangalore.

5. Sample : Metrorail construction workers in selected sites

17
 Bangalore.

6. Sample size : 100

7. Sampling technique : Convenient sampling.

8. Method of data collection : Interview method.

9. Tool for data collection : Check list and rating scale.

10. Method of data analysis : The researcher will use appropriate descriptive and

inferential statistics and present it in the form of tables and graphs. Occupational stress

and relaxation techniques will be analyzed by using mean and standard deviation. The

correlation between occupational stress and relaxation techniques will be analyzed by

correlation coefficient test. Association between occupational stress, relaxation

techniques and selected demographic variables are assessed by chi-square test.

11. Duration Of Study : 4 weeks

12. Variables:

a. Research variable: occupational stress and relaxation techniques employed by

construction workers.

b. Demographic variables: age, sex, educational status, area of residence, family

income, previous source of information.

13. Projected Outcome:

18
 The study will help the researcher to assess the occupational stress and its

relaxation techniques employed by construction workers.

7.3 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on

patients or other human beings or animals?

No

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?

Yes, ethical clearance report is here with enclosed.

8. LIST OF REFERENCES

19
1.Business dictionary.com

URL: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/occupational-stress.html

2.Campbell F.Occupational stress in construction the industry, Survey 2006 ;Page 3.

URL: http://ehstoday.com/construction/news/ehs_imp_38179/

3.Lakshminarayanan R. An overview of strategic planning to combat occupational stress

– need of the hour in the present Indian context.

URL:http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/convention/papers/Context%20and

%20Human%20Resource-05-R%20Lakshminarayanan.pdf

4.occupational stress. Wikipedia’s, the free encyclopedia

URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_stress

5.Campbell F. Occupational stress in construction the industry, Survey 2006; Page 3.

URL: http://ehstoday.com/construction/news/ehs_imp_38179/

6.Issues in labor statistics. U.S. department of labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

September 1999; Summary 99-10

URL:http://www.bls.gov/opub/ils/pdf/opbils35.pdf

7.Campbell F. Occupational stress in construction the industry, Survey 2006; Page 8.

URL: http://ehstoday.com/construction/news/ehs_imp_38179/

8.Campbell F. Occupational stress in construction the industry, Survey 2006, Page 9.

20
 URL: http://ehstoday.com/construction/news/ehs_imp_38179/

9.Occupational stress statistics information sheet . Information sheet: 1/03/EMSU.

september 2003.URL http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/2002/agefact.htm

10.United States department of labor. Bureau of labor statistics. 1999 October 13;

URL http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/1999/Oct/wk2/art02.htm

11.Livemint.com the wall street journal. Workplace stress, lifestyle diseases threaten

India’s hi-tech growth. Sep 13 2007.

URL http://www.livemint.com/2007/09/13170802/Workplace-stress-lifestyle-

di.html

12.Holmstrom . Lindell. et.al. Low Back and Neck/Shoulder Pain in Construction

Workers: Occupational Workload and Psychosocial Risk Factors.June 1992;17

(6)

URLhttp://journals.lww.com/spinejournal/abstract/1992/06000/low_back_and_ne

ck_shoulder_pain_in_construction.5.aspx

13.Thomas Ng S. Skitmore R.M. et.al. Manageability of stress among construction

project participants. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.

12(3): 264 – 282

URL http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1501834&show=pdf

21
14.Sutherland V, Davidson M.J. Stress among construction site managers — A

preliminary study: October/December 1989;5(4): 221–235, 

URL:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smi.2460050405/abstract

15.Phillips R.D. Leung.T . Safety climate and safety performance among construction

workers in Hong Kong: The role of psychological strains as mediators. May

2004:36(3); 359- 366.URL:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V5S-

48BKPK31&_user=10&_coverDate=05/31/2004&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=s

earch&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&v

16.Vagg, Peter R.et.al. Occupational stress: Measuring job pressure and organizational

support in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. Oct

1998;3(4): 294-305

URL

http://psycnet.apa.org/?fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/1076-

8998.3.4.294

17.BEEHR A.T . JOHN E.et.al. Job stress, employee health, and organizational

effectiveness: a facet analysis, model, and literature review. 1978;31(4): 665–

699.URL:

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 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.17446570.1978.tb02118.x/

abstract

18.Hase Y, Hori H.et.al. Approach to easing occupational stress for high-stress workers:

applying the brief job stress questionnaire to workplace mental health promotion.

2008;URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566525

19. Campbell F.Occupational stress in construction the industry, Survey 2006 ;Page 5.

URL: http://ehstoday.com/construction/news/ehs_imp_38179/

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9. Signature Of The Candidate

10. Remarks Of The Guide

11. Name and designation(in block letters)

11.1 Guide

11.2 Signature

11.3 Head of the department

11.4 Signature

12 12.1 Remarks Of The Chairman & Principal

12.2 Signature

24