LESSON-2 PEOPLE AS RESOURCE

Choose the correct option:

Question 1.Which of the following is the most labour absorbing sectors

of the Indian economy?
(a) Primary sector
(b) tertiary sector
(c) Secondary sector
(d) Private sector

Answer: (a) Primary sector

Question 2.Which of the following is included in the primary sector?

(a) Manufacturing
(b) Tourism
(c) Forestry
(d) Communication

Answer: (c) Forestry

Question 3.Which of the following is included in the tertiary sector?

(a) Fishing
(b) Trade
(c) Mining
(d) Health

Answer: (d) Health

Question 4.Which of the following is included in the secondary sector?

(a) Poultry farming
(b) Manufacturing
(c) Transport
(d) Quarrying

Answer: (b) Manufacturing

Question 5.Investment in human capital can be made through

(a) Education
(b) Training
(c) Medical care
(d) All the three
Answer: (d) All the three

Question 6.The literacy rate during 2010-11 was

(a) 64%
(b) 74%
(c) 70%
(d) 80%

Answer: (b) 74%

Question 7.Which of the following sectors faces the problem of seasonal

unemployment?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Service sector
(c) Trade
(d) IT sector

Answer: (a) Agriculture

Question 8.Infant mortality rate is the death of a child under

(a) One year
(b) Three, year
(c) Two year
(d) Four year

Answer: (a) One year

Question 9.The workforce population includes people from 15 years to

(a) 59 years
(b) 62 years
(c) 60 years
(d) 65 years

Answer: (a) 59 years

Question 10.Which age group of children does the Sarva Siksha

Abhiyan aim to promote education?
(a) 6 to 10 years
(b) 5 to 3 years
(c) 6 to 14 years
(d) 7 to 12 years
Answer: (c) 6 to 14 years

Question 11.The number of females per thousand males refers to :

(a) Sex Ratio
(b) Literacy Rate
(c) Infant Mortality Rate
(d) Birth Rate

Answer: (a) Sex Ratio

Question 12.Decrease in IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) of a country

signifies:
(a) Increase in life expectancy
(b) Increase in GNP
(c) Economic development of a country
(d) Increase in number of colleges in a country

Answer: (a) Increase in life expectancy

Question 13.What is the life expectancy in India as per the census of

2000?
(a) 72 years
(b) 53 years
(c) 64 years
(d) 80 years

Answer: (c) 64 years

Question 14.Which one of the following is considered important to create

a ‘virtuous cycle’ by the parents?
(a) To sand their children to the school
(b) To provide goods food to their children
(c) To join their children in corporate schools
(d) To take care of the health and education of their children

Answer: (d) To take care of the health and education of their children

Question 15.Which one from the following is the most labour absorbing
sector?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Fisheries
(c) Poultry farming
(d) Mining

Answer: (a) Agriculture

Question 16.What is the aim of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan?

(a) To provide elementary education to women
(b) To provide elementary education to the rural poor
(c) To provide elementary education to all children in the age group 6-14
years
(d) To provide elementary education to the urban poor

Answer: (c) To provide elementary education to all children in the age

group 6-14 years

Question 17.What is the expended form of PHC

(a) Public Health Club
(b) Private Health Club
(c) Primary Health Centre
(d) None of these

Answer: (c) Primary Health Centre

Question 18.What is the sex-ratio of India According to 2001 census, :

(a) 921 females per 1000
(b) 930 females per 1000
(c) 928 females per 1000
(d) 933 females per 1000

Answer: (b) 930 females per 1000

Question 19.If a person cannot find jobs during some months of the
year, which type of employment is this called?
(a) Structural unemployment
(b) Cyclical unemployment
(c) Seasonal unemployment
(d) None of these

Answer: (c) Seasonal unemployment

Question 20.The persons who are not working by their own willing is
covered under
(a) seasonal unemployment
(b) disguised unemployment
(c) educated unemployment
(d) none of the above

Answer: (d) none of the above

Question 21.Where is Seasonal unemployment found

(a) urban areas
(b) rural areas
(c) in remote areas
(d) both in rural and urban areas

Answer: (b) rural areas

Question 22.The quality of population depends on

(a) literacy rate
(b) health
(c) skill
(d) all the above

Answer: (d) all the above

Question 23.
Which one from the following is the primary sector activities
(i) Forestry
(ii) Poultry farming
(iii) Animal husbandry
(iv) Manufacturing

(a) (i)
(b) (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii), (iv)
(d) All the above

Answer: (b) (i), (ii), (iii)

Question 24.Infant mortality rate refers to the death of a child under the
age of
(a) 1 year
(b) 2 years
(c) 3 years
(d) 4 years

Answer: (a) 1 year

Question 25.The scheme for the establishment of residential schools to

impart education to talented children from rural areas is
(a) Kendriya Vidyalayas
(b) Navodaya Vidyalayas
(c) Sarvodaya Vidyalayas
(d) None of the aboves

Answer: (b) Navodaya Vidyalayas

Question 26.What is India’s position in scientifically and technically

manpower in the world?
(a) first
(b) second
(c) third
(d) fourth

Answer: (c) third

Question 27.Which one from the following is include in Secondary sector

includes
(a) trade
(b) marketing
(c) manufacturing
(d) education

Answer: (c) manufacturing

Question 28.Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of

(a) good quality of life
(b) improvement in health sector
(c) better HDI (Human Development Index)
(d) all the above

Answer: (a) good quality of life

Question 29.Which of the following is a significant step towards
providing basic education to the children in the age group of 6-14 years?
(a) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
(b) Adult Education Programme
(c) Mid-day meal
(d) None

Answer: (a) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan

Question 30.Why is literacy rate is low in the females?

(a) lack of equal education opportunities
(b) lack of transport facilities
(c) lack of infrastructure
(d) lack of income

Answer: (a) lack of equal education opportunities

FILL IN THE BLANKS AND VERY SHORT QUESTION AND

ANSWERS:

Question 1.When there is investment made in the form of education,

training and medical care, the population becomes _______ .
Answer:Human capital

Question 2. Greater knowledge with the help of improved technology

can rapidly improve the production of land resources. One big example
of this in India is _______ .
Answer:Green Revolution

Question 3.India’s large population can be used as a great asset, like

other resources. It can be treated as a _______ .
Answer:Human resource

Question 4.Activities like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing,

poultry farming and mining are part of _______ .
Answer:Primary sector

Question 5.Quarrying and manufacturing is included in the _______ .

Answer:Secondary sector

Question 6.What do you mean by ‘death rate’ ?

Answer:Death rate is the number of people per 1,000 who die during a
particular period of time.

Question 7.The activities that result in the production of goods and

services and add value to the national income are called _______ .
Answer:Economic activities

Question 8.Economic activities are basically of two types _______ .

Answer:Market activities and non-market activities

Question 9.
Activities which include production of goods or services, including
government service and are performed for pay or profit, are called
_______ .
Answer:Market activities.

Question 10.Self-consumption is _______ .

Answer:Non-market activities.

Question 11.Our national policy aims at improving the _______ .

Answer:Accessibility of healthcare and family welfare.

Question 12.The workforce population of India includes people from the

age group of _______ .
Answer:15-59 years

Question 13.Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing

to work at the going wages, cannot find job. In India it is of two types in
rural areas _______ .
Answer:Seasonal and disguised unemployment.

Question 14.In urban areas, youths with graduation and post graduation
degrees are not able to find job. This type of unemployment is called
_______ .
Answer:Educated unemployment

Question 15.When does population become human capital ?

Answer:Population becomes human capital when investment is made in
the form of education, training and medical care.
Question 16.What do you understand by the term ‘National Income’ ?
Answer:National income is a sum of total income of goods and services
produced in a country during a financial year.
Question 17.What is Infant Mortality Rate ?
Answer:Death of a child under one year of age.

Question 18.How can a large population be turned into a productive

asset ?
Answer:A large population can be turned into a productive asset by
making investment in human capital.

Question 19.What do you understand by Seasonal Unemployment ?

Answer:People find work at the time of sowing, harvesting and weeding,
etc., but rest of the year, they are unemployed. This is called seasonal
unemployment.

Question 20.
How can infant mortality be reduced ?
Answer:Infant mortality can be reduced by protection of children from
infection, ensuring the nutrition of both the mother and the child, and
child care.

Question 21.What does increase in longevity of life indicate?

Answer:Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of good quality of life
marked by self-confidence.

Question 22.What are the main consequences of unemployment?

Answer:Employment leads to wastage of manpower resources and it
tends to increase economic overload.

Question 23.What do you mean by “Birth Rate”?

Answer:Birth rate is the number of babies born for every 1,000 people
during a particular period of time.

Question 24.When we refer to a person as a ‘resource’, we are referring

to which of his/her skills?
Answer:When a person is referred to as a resource, it refers to that
person’s productive skills and abilities.

Question 25.What is the main purpose of mid-day meal scheme?

Answer:Mid-day meed scheme has been implemented to encourage
attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

Question 26.What is the reason behind the development of vocational

streams?
Answer:Vocational streams have been enveloped to equip large number
of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

Question 27.Which sector of the Indian economy absorbs the maximum

labour?
Answer:Agriculture is the most labour-absorbing sector of the economy.

Question 28.What do you understand by the term “Sarva Siksha

Abhiyan”?
Answer:Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a flagship programme of Government
of India that aims to provide elementary education to all children in the
age group of 6 to 14 years.

Question 29.What is the name of the school set in each district by the
government for the talented students of a rural area?
Answer:Navodaya Vidyalaya.

Question 30.What is the current literacy rate of India, according to

Census of 2011?
Answer:According to Census of 2011, the literacy rate of India is 74 per
cent.
QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

Ans. People are resources as they help to produce goods and

services. They are living factor of production.
 ‘People as a resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working
people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.
 These skills and abilities help them in contributing to the creation
of Gross National Product.
 Thus they can act as an asset for the economy.

2. What is the role of education in Human capital formation?

Ans. Education is a process of teaching, training and learning to

improve knowledge and develop skills and expertise. Education
plays an important role in human capital formation due to the
following reasons.
 It regenerates technical skills and creates manpower which is
suited for improving labour productivity.
 It also stimulates innovations and provides knowledge to
understand change in society and scientific advancements. This
facilitates adaptation of new technologies.
 It results in social benefits since it spreads to others who may not
be skilled. Thus, it leads to higher returns in future.

3. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary,

secondary and tertiary sectors?
Ans.
 Primary sector: Activities relating to exploitation of natural
resources have been undertaken in this sector like agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming and mining,
etc.
 Secondary sector: Activities relating to transformation of input into
output like manufacturing and quarrying.
 Tertiary sector: Service sector includes trade, transport,
communication, banking, education, health, tourism and insurance.

4. What is the difference between economic activities and non-

economic activities?
Ans.
 Economic activities are those activities which result in the
production of goods and services and add value to national
income. These activities are generally undertaken to have
monetary benefit, e.g. selling vegetables, working in schools,
shops, firms, etc. These activities have two parts-market and non-
market activities.
 Non-economic activities are those activities where there is only
one flow ,i.e. real flow (flow of goods and services).These
activities are undertaken not for monetary gain .Such activities do
not have earning of income as their motive, e.g. upbringing of the
family by mother, cooking of food for own children, teaching own
son . 43
5. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and
seasonal unemployment?
Ans.
 Disguised unemployment is a situation where workers are
apparently employed but their marginal productivity is zero or
negative. In this case, more people are engaged in an economic
 activity than actually required. This happens in the agricultural
sector as there is too much pressure of population on land.
 Seasonal unemployment happens when workers get a job during
the busy season while in the season; they are not able to find work
in the same place .This is more prominent in the agricultural sector
because we have mostly unirrigated land which is capable of
giving only one crop a year. Poor farmers remain unemployed from
3-8 months a year.

6. . Why is ‘educated unemployment’ a peculiar problem of India?

Ans.
 Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of India as it leads
to wastage of man power resource.
 The massive expansion in the education facilities both at the
school and the university levels is a major reason for this.
 Greater enrolment of people in educational institution and the wide
spread craze for having university degrees, have all contributed to
the growth of educated persons who are on the look out for white-
collared jobs.

7. .Write a short note on Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

Ans.
 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing
elementary education to all children in the age group of six to
fourteen years.
 It is a time bound initiative of the Central Government in
partnership with the states, the local government and the
community for achieving the goal of universalization of elementary
education.
 Bridge courses and back-to school camps have been initiated to
increase the enrolment in Elementary education.

8. Define human capital formation. How is human capital formation

important for the development of a country?

Ans. Human capital formation is the process of adding to the stock

of human capital through education, training and health care. It is
important for the development of our country as:
 Raises production and efficiency: Educated and healthy people
can make better use of resources at their disposal .It will increase
their efficiency and thus production in the economy.

44
  Brings positive changes in outlook: Human capital stimulates
innovations and creates ability to absorb new technologies .Thus it
brings positive changes in attitudes.
 Improve quality of life: Literate and healthy people are an asset for
an economy as they improve quality of population which ultimately
decides economic growth of the economy.
 Raises life expectancy: Formation of human capital raises life
expectancy.

9.Give a brief of National Health Policy.

Ans.
 National Health Policy aimed at improving the accessibility of
health care, family welfare and nutritional service with special
focus on the under privileged segment of population.
 Several measures have been taken to build up a healthy
infrastructure and manpower required in public and private sector.
 These measures adopted have increased the life expectancy.
 Infant Mortality Rate has come down.
 Crude death rates and crude birth rates have dropped.
10. Discuss the measures adopted by the government to promote
education in India.
Ans.
 Provisions have been made for providing universal access,
retention and quality in elementary education with a special
emphasis on girls.
 Navodaya Vidyalayas have been established in each district.
 Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of
high school students with occupation related to knowledge and
skills.
 The expenditure on education has increased.
 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has been initiated for providing elementary
education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.
 Mid-day meal scheme has been implemented to encourage
attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional
status.

10. Question:

Table: Health Infrastructure over the years

1951 1981 2001
SC/PHC/CHC 725 57363 163181
Dispensaries 9.209 23555 433.22
 and Hospitals

Beds 117119 569495 870161

8
Doctor 61800 268700 503900
(Allopathy)
Nursing 10854 143887 73700
Personnel
SC : Sub Centre PHC: Primary Health Centre CHC:
Community Health Centre

Study the above table and answer the following questions

(a)What is the percentage increase in dispensaries from 1951

to 2001?
(b) What is the percentage increase in doctors and nursing
personnel from 1951 to 2001?
(c) Do you think the increase in the number of doctors and
nurses is adequate for India? If not, why?
(d) What other facilities would you like to provide in a
hospital?
Answer:
A.The percentage increase in dispensaries from 1951 to 2001
is 370 percent.
= 43,322-9,209 X 100 =370
9,209
B.The percentage increase in doctors from 1951 to 2001 is
715 percent=
5,03,900-61,800 X 100 =4,42,100 X 100 = 715
9,209 61,800
The percentage increase in nursing from 1951 to 2001 is
3,982 percent=
7,37,00-61,800 X 100 = 7,18,946 X 100 =
3,982
18,054 18,054
A. The increase in the number of Doctors and nurses is not
adequate for India because the population of India is
growing rapidly.
B. I would like to provide other facilities like X-Ray
machines,Ultra sound ,MRI etc.in every hospitals with
additional doctors.