www.panaceabharti.

com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

56 JRF & 400+ NET Success

Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
 www.panaceabharti.com
Research Aptitude
1. The term research comprises of two
words, namely 're' and 'search'.
Generally, 're' means again and 'search'
means to find out. Research (1) is a
process of enquiry and investigation, (2)
is systematic and methodical, and (3)
increases the knowledge.
2. In doing action research Plan, act,
observe, reflect is the usual sequence of
steps.
3. Problem formulation, Hypothesis
making, Development of a Research
design, Collection of data, Data analysis
and formulation of generalizations and
conclusions is the logical sequence of
research steps.
4. The issue of 'research ethics' may be
considered pertinent at the stage of data
collection and interpretation in research.
5. Under Experimental method data
collection tool is Standardized tests
6. Under Ex post-facto method data
collection tool is Typical characteristic
tests
7. Under Descriptive survey method data
collection tool is Questionnaire
8. Under Historical method data collection
tool is Using primary and secondary
sources
9. In Doctoral level thesis, reporting
format is formally prescribed.
10. Introduction, Survey of related
studies, Design of study, Data-
presentation; analysis & Interpretation,
Formulation of generalization &
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
Conclusions, Suggestions for further
research, References & Appendix, is the
correct sequence for showing scheme of
Chapterisation.
11. A detailed description of
methodology of research is required in
Thesis/ Dissertation
12. Interventions to ameliorate a given
situation is a Procedural Characteristics of
Action research.
13. Research ethics has a direct
connection more often with Problem
formulation and reporting of research
findings stages of research.
14. Explaining patterns of behaviour in
terms of meanings and their
representations which people share is a
Procedural Characteristics of Symbolic
interactionism.
15. Manipulating an independent variable
in controlled conditions and measuring its
effect on dependent variable is a
Procedural Characteristics of Experimental
method.
16. Obtaining information concerning the
current status of phenomena is a
Procedural Characteristics of Descriptive
method
17. Observing the effect on dependent
variable and making probes into factors/
variables which explain it is a Procedural
Characteristics of Ex-post facto method.
18. In finalizing a thesis writing format
Bibliography and Appendices form part of
supplementary pages.
19. A researcher attempts to evaluate the
effect of method of feeding on anxiety –
proneness children Ex-post-facto method
of research would be appropriate for this.
 www.panaceabharti.com
20. Reporting of research findings is
susceptible to the issue of research
ethics.
21. A wider spectrum of ideas and
issues may be made possible in
Conference
22. Research is a method of improving
our common sense.
23. Deductive and inductive methods get
integrated in a research process.
24. Research is the use of scientific
method to provide answers to
meaningful questions.
25. The answers provided by research
can be empirically verified.
26. Finding out the status based on a
study of a large sample is Critical
features of Descriptive survey method
27. Interpretation of thoughts of a great
thinker is Critical features of
Philosophical method.
28. Causal comparison and correlational
studies is Critical features of Ex-post
facto method.
29. In-depth study of a unit specified for
the purpose is Critical features of Case
study method.
30. Finding out the extent of perceived
impact of an intervention is
characteristics of Evaluative research.
31. Developing an effective explanation
through theory building is
characteristics of Fundamental research.
32. A researcher uses parametric test in
lieu of non-parametric test for analysis
and interpretation of results. This may
be described as a case of Technical
lapse in handling data.
33. Presentation of a conference paper
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
provides more latitude to the researcher
for creative expression.
34. Improving an existing situation
through use of interventions is
characteristics of Action research.
35. Exploring the possibility of a theory
for use in various situations is
characteristics of Applied research.
36. Perceiving the problem situation,
Locating the actual problem and its
definition, Hypothesizing, Deducing the
consequences of the suggested solution
and Testing the hypothesis in action is a
sequence of research steps is nearer to
scientific method.
37. The problem of „research ethics‟ is
concerned with Evidence based research
reporting.
38. Potential for nurturing creative and
critical thinking is relatively greater by
Participation in research conference.
39. 5 W‟s And 1 H of Research Problem
 Who
 What
 When
 Where
 Why
 How
40. Objectives of research can be
categorized as:
1. Theoretical: formulation of new
theories by exploring the association of
different variables.( fundamental research)
2. Factual: finding new facts. (historical
or explanatory research)
3. Application: use of existing theories
to newer situations.(applied research)
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

41. Process of deductive research: 2. E shodhsindhu

1. Theory 3. Impacting research, innovation and
2. Hypothesis technology (imprints)
3. Observation 4. Global initiative of academic
4. Confirmation networks (gian)
42. Process of inductive research: 49. Type1error: when we reject the true
1. Observation null hypothesis it is also known as
2. Pattern producer error, and alpha
3. Hypothesis
50. Type 2 error: when we accept the
4. Theory
43. Positivism: wrong null hypothesis it is also known as
 Philosophical consumer error, ;β-1), power function test
 Scientifically verified or power curve beta.
 Objective reality 51. Conference arrangements a wider
 Research conducted in controlled and spectrum of ideas and issues may be made
structured manner. possible.
44. Post positivistic: 52. Reporting of research findings is
 Methodological susceptible to the issue of research ethics.
 Subjectivity of reality 53. The research that applies the laws at
45. Variables in research:
1. Dependent the time of field study to draw more and
2. Independent more clear ideas about the problem is:
3. Extraneous Experimental research
4. Confounding 54. When a research problem is related to
5. Intervening heterogeneous population, the most
46. Types of hypothesis suitable sampling method is Stratified
1. Declarative (skin problem- makeup)
sampling
2. Directional (difference or
association) ( a is effective than b) 55. Descriptive research can answer
3. Non directional ( there is difference questions such as 'what is' or 'what was'.
between a and b ) Here, the information is collected without
47. Bibliography format: changing the environment (i.e., nothing is
1. American psychological association manipulated). Sometimes these are
(apa) referred to as 'correctional' or
2. Modern language association (mla)
'observational' studies. It is 'any study that
3. Chicago manual of styles (cms)
48. Government initiatives for is not truly experimental'. It includes
integrating ict with research: surveys and fact-finding enquiries with
1. Shodhganga adequate interpretation.
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
 www.panaceabharti.com
56. Objectives are to be stated in Chapter I
of the Thesis
57. Descriptive research is closely linked
with ex post facto, historical,
exploratory, and analytical research, and
sometimes, these terms can be used
interchangeably.
58. Co relational studies undertaken to
discover or establish relationship or
independence between two aspects of a
situation. Two or more variables may
occur together but that does not mean
that one has caused the other to occur.
59. Explanatory research attempts to
answer how and why between two
aspects of a situation or a phenomenon.
For example, why examination related
stress leads to rote learning? Why and
how stress leads to a heart disease?
60. Experimental Research or Casual
Studies is cause-and-effect finding
research; it seeks to uncover cause-and-
effect relationships.
61. Fundamental (Basic or Pure)
Research to add to the existing stock of
knowledge and, thus, can be
intellectually challenging. The
knowledge produced through pure
research is sought in order to add to the
existing body of research methods.
62. Applied Research is done to solve
specific, practical questions facing the
society. It can be used for policy
formulation, administration, and
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
understanding of a phenomenon.
63. A satisfactory statistical quantitative
method should not possess one of the
following qualities: Flexibility
64. Books and records are the primary
sources of data in: historical research
65. The important pre-requisites of a
researcher in sciences, social sciences and
humanities are: Supervisor, topic, critical
analysis, patience
66. What do you consider as the main aim
of inter disciplinary research? To bring out
holistic approach to research
67. One of the aims of the scientific
method in research is to: eliminate
spurious relations
68. Metaphysics is branch of philosophy
that deals with abstract concepts such as
being, knowing, identity, time, and space.
69. Epistemology is the study of
knowledge. It deals with origin, nature,
scope, and methods to acquire knowledge.
70. Rationalism tends to believe that logic
and reason as the means of acquiring
knowledge.
71. Empiricists claim that sense
experience is the ultimate starting point for
all our knowledge.
72. The depth of any research can be
judged by: objectives of the research
73. Deductive Approach is also termed as
top-down or general-to-specific approach.
In deduction, we start from a theory and
try to prove it right with the help of
 www.panaceabharti.com
available information.
74. Inductive Approach is also termed as
bottom-up approach. In inductive
research, we move from specific to
general.
75. Structured Approach to inquiry is
usually classified as quantitative
research.
76. The Unstructured Approach to
inquiry is usually classified as
qualitative research.
77. Quantitative Research is similar to
deductive research. It is also termed as
linear research as it typically follows a
linear path:
 Stating with testable hypothesis
 Collection of data
 Analyzing the data
 Accepting or rejecting the hypothesis
78. Qualitative Research is basically an
approach and not just a method to
conduct research. Qualitative research is
basically inductive or spiral in nature
and has a very different structure.
79. Probability or Random Samples:
Each person in the population has equal,
independent and known chances of
being selected.
80. To test null hypothesis, a researcher
uses: ANOVA
81. Bibliography given in a research
report: shows vast knowledge of the
researcher
82. Fundamental research reflects the
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
ability to: Expound new principles
83. The study in which the investigators
attempt to trace an effect is known as :
'Ex-post Facto' Research
84. Generalized conclusion on the basis
of a sample is technically known as:
Statistical inference
85. The experimental study is based on:
the manipulation of variables
86. Authenticity of a research finding is
its: objectivity
87. Research problem is selected from the
stand point of: Researcher's interest
88. Formulation of hypothesis may not be
required in: Historical studies
89. Field-work based research is
classified as: Experimental
90. Non-Probability Sampling is a
sampling technique where the samples are
gathered in a process that does not give all
the individuals in the population equal
chances of being selected.
91. A research proposal is a document of
usually three to seven pages that informs
others of a proposed piece of research.
This proposed research is usually a
Masters or Doctorate by thesis, but it can
also be a work for a corporate purpose.
92. The American Psychological
Association (APA) guidelines specify
using sentence-style capitalization for the
titles of books or articles, so we should
capitalize only the first word of a title and
subtitle. The exceptions to this rule would
 www.panaceabharti.com
be periodical titles and proper names in a
title that should be capitalized.
93. Ethics are the principles and
guidelines that help us to uphold the
things we value. Ethics and law are
different aspects, although laws of the
land are intended to be based on certain
ethics.
94. There are three stakeholders in the
research process, namely participants or
subjects, researcher, and the funding
organization.
95. A paper is defined as an essay or
dissertation read at a seminar or
published in a journal. It is either a
result of research effort or an
intellectual exercise. A research paper
may entail all the steps of research such
as literature survey, data collection and
so on.
96. The articles are usually informative
in nature, which typically address the
topic in a general scope as a means of
instruction. They may appear in
newspaper, magazine, consumer or
industry publication.
97. Symposium is usually a formal
meeting at which specialist deliver short
addresses on a topic or on related topics
and then answer the questions relating
to these topics. It is especially one in
which the participants form an audience
and make presentations.
98. Colloquium is usually an academic
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
meeting at which specialists deliver
addresses on a topic or on related topics
and then answer the questions relating to
these topics.
99. Conference is a meeting of people
who confer about a topic. It is a meeting
where people come for discussion.
100. The word seminar is derived from the
Latin word seminarium, meaning seed
plot. It is a formal presentation by one or
more experts to a small group of audience.
It can be conducted on recurring or regular
basis, monthly or even weekly ; there is an
invited speaker, and audience is much
more technically versed or specific in
nature.
101. A statistical measure based upon the
entire population is called parameter while
measure based upon a sample is known as:
Statistics
102. The importance of the correlation co-
efficient lies in the fact that: it allows one
to determine the degree or strength of the
association between two variables
103. The F-test: can be one tailed as well
as two tailed depending on the hypothesis
104. The research is always – verifying the
old knowledge, exploring new knowledge,
filling the gap between knowledge
105. The process not needed in
experimental research is: Reference
collection
106. A research problem is not feasible
only when: it consists of independent and
 www.panaceabharti.com
dependent variables
107. Logical reasoning is based on: Valid
relation among the involved
propositions
108. Two propositions with the same
subject and predicate terms but different
in quality are: Subaltern
109. Research has shown that the most
frequent symptom of nervous instability
among teacher is: Explosive behavior
110. Action research means: A research
initiated to solve an immediate problem
Teaching Aptitude
1. Formative evaluation tends to accelerate
the pace of learning.
2. When students fail in a test, it is the
teacher who fails.
3. Every teaching must aim at ensuring
learning.
4. There can be teaching without learning
taking place.
5. A teacher teaches but learns also.
6. Learning is a lifelong process.
7. Teaching is related to learning.
8. Teaching is a „task‟ word while learning
is an „achievement‟ word.
9. One may teach without learning taking
place.
10. Factors affect teaching are:
(i) Teacher‟s internal locus
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
control.
(ii) Learner-motivation.
(iii) Teacher‟s self efficacy.
(iv) Teacher‟s skill in managing and
monitoring.
(v) Teacher‟s knowledge of the subject
including general knowledge.
11. Interactive lecture sessions followed
by buzz sessions, brainstorming and
projects are combinations of methods of
teaching is likely to optimise learning.
12. Teaching aids have to be considered
as supplements to instruction.
13. Positive factors contributing to effect
of teaching :
(a) Teacher‟s knowledge of the subject.
(b)Communication skill of the teacher.
(c) Teacher‟s competence in managing
and monitoring the classroom
transactions.
11. The use of teaching aids is justified on
the grounds of effective engagement of
students in learning tasks.
12. Giving opportunity for discriminating
examples and non-examples of a point is a
Basic requirements for promoting
cognitive interchange of Understanding
level
13. Recording the important points made
during the presentations is a Basic
requirements for promoting cognitive
interchange of Memory level
14. Critically analyzing the points to be
made and discussed is a Basic
of requirements for promoting cognitive
interchange of Reflective level
 www.panaceabharti.com
15. The set of learner characteristics may 26. Teaching is an interaction and is triadic
be considered helpful in designing
effective teaching-learning systems
(i) Prior experience of learners in
respect of the subject.
(ii) Ability of the learners in
respect of the subject.
(iii) Motivational – orientation of
the students.
16. Teaching should be influenced by the
individual differences (on the basis of
IQ level) among the learners.
17. A teacher should not discriminate
students on the basis of their
colour, caste, creed, or religion.
18. In choice-based credit system, the
burden on teachers and students
decreases
19. There is a condition of scoring
minimum passing marks in choice- 32. Educationists should build the
based credit system
20. Teaching and learning are integrally
related
21. Concern of all teaching is to ensure
some kind of transformation in
students.
22. Teaching is a social act whereas
learning is a personal act.
23. Prior experience of the learner is
highly related to effectiveness of
teaching
24. During interaction with students in
the classroom, the teacher provides
corrective feedback is formative
evaluation.
25. The overall performance of a
students‟ is reported to parents at
every three months interval is form
of summative evaluation.
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
in nature whereas learning is an active
engagement in a subject domain.
27. The interaction between a teacher and
students creates a zone of development.
28. Discussion method can be used when
the topic is difficult
29. The main aim of teaching is: To
develop only reasoning, To develop only
thinking
30. The quality of teaching is reflected:
By the quality of questions asked by
students
31. The present annual examination
system: promotes rote learning, does not
promote good study habits, does not
encourage students to be regular in class
capabilities of the spirit of inquiry,
creativity, entrepreneurial and moral
leadership among students and become
their role model.
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
33. Teaching is the purposeful direction
and management of the learning process.
34. Teaching is a process of providing
opportunities for students to produce
relatively permanent change through
engagement in experiences provided by
the teachers.
35. Teaching is skillful application of
knowledge, experience, and sufficient
principles with an objective to set up an
environment to facilitate learning.
36. Teaching is a process in which the
 www.panaceabharti.com
learner, teacher, and other variables are
organized in a systematic way to attain
some predetermined goals.
37. Teaching is an activity that causes the
child to learn and acquire the desired
knowledge and skills and also the
desired ways of living in the society.
38. Instructor-centred teaching is a
conventional approach. In this method,
the instructor, more or less, controls
the material to be learned and the pace
of learning while presenting the course
content to the students.
39. In this method, the instructors
facilitate the learning of participants
and help them by offering
opportunities to learn themselves and
acquire new knowledge and develop
new skills.
40. Teaching takes place at three levels
progressively – memory level of
teaching, understanding level of
teaching, and reflective level of
teaching.
41. Teaching is basically causing to learn.
Nothing is assumed to be taught unless
it is learnt by the students.
42. A college wants to give training in use
of Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) to researchers. For
this the college should organize:
Workshop
43. Team teaching has the potential to
develop: The habit of supplementing
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
the teaching of each other
44. Open Book Examination system
compels students to think.
45. An effective teacher is one who can:
motivate students to learn
46. The science of the study of feedback
systems in humans, animals and
machines is known as: cybernetics
47. Syllabus is a part of curriculum.
48. Microteaching is a teaching training
technique for learning teaching skills. It
employs real teaching situation for
developing teaching skills and helps to
get deeper knowledge regarding the art
of teaching.
49. Cognitive domain is related to
development of intellectual capability
(i.e., thinking or knowledge); it is the
core learning domain.
50. Affective domain deals with attitude,
motivation, willingness to participate,
valuing what is being learned, and
ultimately incorporating the values of
discipline into a way of life.
51. Psychomotor domain is mainly
concerned with the acquisition of
technical skills.
52. Team teaching is an innovative
approach in teaching large groups in
which two or more teachers are involved
in planning, executing, and evaluating
the learning experiences of a group of
students.
53. Group discussion is one of the basic
 www.panaceabharti.com
methods of teaching smaller groups. It
can be described as communication
and interaction within a group around
a topic, skill, issue, or problem
presented to the group by the trainer or
moderator for discussion.
54. Brainstorming is a creative group
work in which group members
produce a large number of ideas
quickly on a given topic or problem
for subsequent evaluation.
55. Simulation means creating conditions
that are quite similar to actual
conditions. Then the training is
provided under those conditions.
56. Assignments are given to students for
a number of purposes, such as for
acquiring additional information,
surveying, application of knowledge,
and solving numerical problems.
57. Personalized System of Instruction
(PSI) can be used for all subject
matters except where the students are
to select the contents.
58. The science of the study of feedback
systems in humans, animals and
machines is known as: cybernetics
59. Parliament can legislate on matters
listed in the State list: At the request of
two or more states.
60. Teacher uses visual-aids to make
learning: interesting
61. The teacher's role at the higher
educational level is to: promote self-
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
learning in students
62. Micro teaching is most effective for
the student-teacher: during the practice-
teaching
63. Which is the least important factor in
teaching? punishing the students
64. Verbal guidance is least effective in
the learning of: skills
65. The most appropriate purpose of
learning is: modification of behavior
66. The students who keep on asking
questions in the class should be: advised
to meet the teacher after the class
67. Maximum participation of students is
possible in teaching through: discussion
method
68. The teacher has been glorified by the
phrase "Friend, philosopher and guide"
because: He transmits the high value of
humanity to students.
69. Open Learning a flexible method of
delivering the instruction, where the
learner has open access to learning
resources of people, material, equipment,
and accommodation, although regular
class attendances are not necessary.
70. A formative evaluation (also referred
to as internal evaluation) is a method for
judging the worth of a programme while
the programme activities are in progress.
It focuses on the process. This evaluation
provides the student with feedback
regarding his or her success or failure in
attaining the instructional objectives.
 www.panaceabharti.com
71. The formative evaluation determines the 78. Value-education stands for: inculcation
extent to which students accomplish
the learning targets; therefore, it
focuses on the measurement of the
intended outcomes.
72. Summative evaluation is a method of
judging the worth of a programme at
the end of the programme activities
(summation). The focus is on the
outcome. It determines the extent to
which objectives of instruction have
been achieved and is used for
assigning course grades.
73. Mind Mapping as a method of
teaching was developed by Tony
Buzan in 1960. A 'mind map' is a
diagram for repressing tasks, words,
concepts, or items linked to and
arranged around a central concept or
subject.
74. The most important cause of failure
for teacher lies in the area of: lack of
command over the knowledge of the
subject
75. A teacher can establish rapport with
his students by: impressing students
with knowledge and skill
76. A teacher's major contribution towards
the maximum self-realization of the
student is affected through: Sensitivity
to students' needs, goals and purposes
77. A teacher's most important challenge
is: to make teaching – learning process
enjoyable
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
of virtues
Communication
1. Using the central point of the classroom
communication as the beginning of a
dynamic pattern of ideas is referred to as
Mind mapping
2. Aspects of the voice, other than the
speech are known as Para language
3. Every type of communication is affected
by its Context
4. Attitudes, actions and appearances in
the context of classroom communi-
cation are considered as Non-verbal
5. Moralizing, being judgemental and
comments of consolation
6. As a teacher, Adoption of well-
established posture Is the best option to
ensure your effective presence in the
classroom
7. Voice modulation is the important
element a teacher has to take cognizance
of while addressing students in a
classroom.
8. When verbal and non-verbal messages
are contradictory, it is said that most
people believe in Non-verbal messages
9. The typical feature of information-
rich classroom lecture is in the nature of
being Factual
10. Positive classroom communication
leads to Persuasion
11. The interaction between a teacher and
students creates a zone of Proximal
Development
12. The spatial audio reproduction in a
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

classroom can reduce the students' 28.In classroom communication, analogies

Cognitive load in understanding
13.The classroom communication should
essentially be Empathetic
14.A good communication begins his/her
presentation with Ice-beaker
15.In a classroom, the probability of
message reception can be enhanced by
Establishing a viewpoint
16.Differentiation between acceptance and
non-acceptance of certain stimuli in
classroom communication is the basis
of Selective attention
17.The initial messages to students in the As media help in policy making by
classroom by a teacher sometimes
need be critical to establish
interactions later.
18.More control over the communication
process means more control over what
the students are learning.
19.To communicate well in the classroom
is a acquired ( learned) ability.
20.Effective teaching in the classroom
demands knowledge of the
communication process.
21.Classroom communication is a
transactional process.
22.A teacher does operate under the
assumption that students‟ responses are
purposive.
23.Following set of a statements is for
describing the human communication
process
24.Non-verbal communication can 40. Non-verbal
stimulate ideas
25.Communication is a learnt ability
26.Communication is not a universal
panacea.
27.Communication cannot break-down
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
are considered Supporting evidence
29. Empathy is essential for effective
communication between the
communicator and the communicate.
30. Empathy links the teacher and
students.
31. Social media platforms have created a
Society of networking
32. In verbal communication, words act
as Symbols
33. Media assume a key role in setting
the agenda for the entire political system.
framing public opinion on various issues.
34. Source, message, interference,
channel, receiver, feedback and context
are essential components of
communication.
35. A low context culture is one where
Most of the information is explicitly
stated in a verbal message.
36. Message, noise and feedback are parts
of the human communication process?
37. Writing in a personal diary or otherwise
recording one‟s thoughts and feelings are
examples of Mediated intrapersonal
communication.
38.Disturbances that interfere with the
transmission, receipt or feedback of a
message are called Noise
39. Classroom communication is a
transactional process.
communication can
stimulate ideas.
41. Converging technologies that
exemplify ICT include the merging of
audio-visual, telephone and computer
 www.panaceabharti.com
networks through a cabling system.
42.Audio reproduction in a classroom can
reduce the students is cognitive load in
understanding.
43.The classroom communication should
essentially be empathetic.
44.In a classroom, the probability of
message reception can be enhanced by
establishing a viewpoint.
45.'Communication is transferring or
conveying of meaning'.
46.Berlo tried to explain communication
as S-R Model or sender-receiver
model, where sender stands for
stimulus and Receiver stands for
response.
47.In communication process, the sender
(encoder) encodes the message and
then using a medium/ channel, sends it
to the receiver (decoder) who decodes
the message, and after processing the
information, the receiver sends back
appropriate feedback/ reply using a
medium/ channel.
48.Communication motivates people in an
organization by clarifying the people
what is to be done, how well they are
doing and what can be done to improve
performance.
49.Communication is not a static act, but it
is a dynamic symmetry refers to
similarity and complimentary refers to
the differences in characteristics.
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
50.Media that exist in an interconnected
series of communication – points are
referred to as: Network media
51. The information function of mass
communication is described as:
surveillance
52. An example of asynchronous medium
is: Newspaper
53. In communication, connotative words
are: cultural
54. A message beneath a message is
labeled as: sub-text
55. In analog mass communication,
stories are: static
56. Public communication tends to occur
within a more: formal structure.
57. Communication always takes place
with a context.
58. Communication is an integral part of
any teaching – learning process, and its
effectiveness is one of the factors that
determine the degree to which the
intended learning outcomes are achieved.
59. All communication is based upon
symbols. It is a process that involves
organizing, selecting, and transmitting
symbols in an appropriate manner to
ensure that the receiver perceives in
his/her thought process, the intended
meaning of the communicator.
60. All communication starts with an idea
or a message that is to be transmitted to
the target audience (individual) with a
motive to get a positive response.
 www.panaceabharti.com
61.Encoding involves converting an idea into
a form that can be transmitted to
receivers.
62.Decoding is interpretation of the
message by the receiver. Actually, the
receiver looks for meaning in the
message that is common to both the
receiver and the communicator.
63.Intrapersonal Communication is within
an individual almost all the times,
including talking to oneself, listening to
oneself, and relating one to oneself.
64.Interpersonal Communication is also
termed as dyadic communication.
65.Communications bandwidth that has
the highest capacity and is used by
microwave, cable and fibre optics lines
is known as: broadband
66.An electronic bill board that has a short
text or graphical advertising message is
referred to as: banner
67.A negative reaction to a mediated
communication is described as: passive
response
68.The first Indian chronicler of Indian
history was: Kalhan.
69.Interpersonal communication can be
further subdivided into formal (meeting
and conference) or informal (private
discussion with family members or
friends).
70.Communication can also be
categorized on the basis of involvement
of parties – intrapersonal (reading a
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
newspaper, meditation, introspection),
interpersonal (conversation with a
colleague), and apersonal (use of mass
media, publicity, advertisement).
71. In verbal communication, message is
transmitted verbally, that is, by making
use of words – oral and written.
72. In oral communication, spoken words
are used. It includes face-to-face
conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television, and
voice over the Internet.
73. In written communication, written
signs and symbols, both in printed or
handwritten form, can be used. Pictures,
graphs, etc., are used to compliment the
written text.
74. Mnemonics are memory devices that
help learners recall larger pieces of
information, especially in the form of lists
like characteristics, steps, stages, parts,
phases, etc.
75. Communication, other than oral and
written, such as body gesture, eye contact,
body language, posture, tone of voice or
facial expressions is called non-verbal
communication.
76. 'SITE' stands for: Satellite
Institutional Television Experiment
77. Community Radio is a type of radio
service that caters to the interest of: Local
audience
78. Orkut is a part of: Interpersonal
Communication
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

79.In communication, a major barrier to communication.

reception of messages is: audience
attitude
80.Post-modernism is associated with:
magazines
81.Didactic communication is: inter-
personal
82.In communication, the language is: the
verbal code
83.Identify the correct sequence of the
following: source, message, channel,
receiver
84.Transforming thoughts, ideas and
messages into verbal and non-verbal
signs is referred to as: encoding
85.Kinetics is a major form of non-verbal
communication. It is defined as 'the
study of nonlinguistic body movements
such as facial expressions and
gestures'.
86.In formal communication, certain rules,
regulations, conventions, and protocols
are followed while formulating and
communicating message.
87.Information Communication channels
exist along with formal communication
channels in any organization. It mainly
addresses the social needs of the
employees. It is interpersonal and
mainly face-to-face and with use of
body gestures.
88.Communication with people at same
level in hierarchy that are peers and
colleagues is termed as lateral
89. Diagonal communication is effective
as hierarchical bindings are removed, and
there is a free flow of information, cutting
across positions or status.
LOGICAL REASONING
1) Fallacies in the reasoning are the error
or the tricks.
2) Fallacy can appear intentionally or
unintentionally.
3) Unintentional fallacies are error
intentional fallacies are the tricks.
4) Formal fallacies: Conclusion does not
follow from the given premises or
proposition. Formal fallacies can be result
of poor logic, unsound premises, invalid
arguments, illogical deductions.
5) Informal fallacies are the result of
wrong information, irrelevant,
assumptions, misuse of language, lack of
evidence, or wrong analogy.
6) Definiendum: Term which is to be
defined.
7) Definien: Words used to define the
term.
8) Formal definition: Which we
generally see in the dictionary or a book.
9) Informal definition: A known word in
the form of antonym or synonym can be
used to explain something. Use of lesser
known term with any other well know
related term.

Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019

Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
 www.panaceabharti.com
10) Extended definition: Explaining
concept.
11) Lexical definition: (Reportive)
relating to the words or vocabulary of a
language. Difficult to change. Having
dictionary meaning.
12) Stipulative: New meaning given to
an already existing term or meaning
assigned to a new term.
13) Persuasive: Such definitions favour a
particular view or unfavour any view,
but are presented in a neutral form.
14) Precising: Combination of lexical
and stipulative definition which aims at
making the meaning of a term more
precise.
15) Analogous: When term is defined
using analogies, then it is called
analogous definition.
16) Fact: Verifiable by research. Involve
numbers, dates, testimony etc. It is
certain to have happened or be true.
17) Opinion: Judgmental based on facts.
It is debatable. It is believed to have
happened or be true.
18) Belief: Based on cultural or personal
faith, morals and values. Varies from
culture to culture
19) example: Cat crossing your path.
20) Prejudice: It is like a biased opinion
based on unexamined. It is verifiable. It
can express the narrow-minded views.
21) Deductive Reasoning: A type of
logic in which one goes from a general
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
statement to a specific instance.
22) Inductive Reasoning: involves going
from a series of specific cases to a general
statement. The conclusion in an inductive
argument is never guaranteed.
Information and Communication
Technology
1. ICT includes both old and new tools.
Old ICT tools mainly include radio, TV,
and telephone. New ICT tools mainly
include computers, satellite, wireless
technology, and the Internet. ICTs not
only refer to the latest computer and the
Internet-based technologies but also refer
simple audio-visual aids such as
transparencies, slides, cassette and video
recorders, radio, television, and film.
2. Target Community of IT in India as far as
India's demographic profile is concerned,
almost half of India's population is below
25' years of age, 70% people live in rural
areas, literacy rate is around 60%, and
people speak 15 major languages.
3. Objectives of Using ICT in Higher
Education
The objectives of using ICT are the
following:
 Improving access to the system through
online education.
 Improving the quality of teaching,
especially across remote locations.
 Increasing transparency and strengthening
 www.panaceabharti.com
systems, processes, and compliance
norms in higher education institutes.
 Measuring the students' learning
participation and effectiveness.
 Analyzing students' behaviour to
maximize students' involvement,
optimizing retentions, and improving
placements.
 Analyzing students' performance,
placement, application volume, website
analytics, and social media metrics for
brand audit.
4. The potential threat of plagiarism is
high as students can copy information
rather than learning and developing
their own skills.
5. Synchronous media requires all
participants to be together at the same
time even though they are in different
locations. Asynchronous media allows
participants in the learning process to
be at different times and at different
places.
6. Line access and avoidance of collision
are the main functions of: network
protocols
7. In the hypermedia database,
information bits are stored in the form
of: nodes
8. Networked media exist in inter-
connected: technological environments
9. The combination of computing,
telecommunications and media in a
digital atmosphere is referred to as:
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
convergence
10. A dialogue between a human-being and
a computer programme that occurs
simultaneously in various forms is
described as: interactivity
11. Using websites to pour out one's
grievances is called: cyberventing.
12. E-Leaning or Electronic Learning is
also known as online learning and is
commonly associated with the field of
advanced learning technology (ALT),
which deals with both the technologies
and associated methodologies in
learning using networked and/ or
multimedia technologies. Distance
education provided the base for e-
learning's development.
13. Blended Learning is a combination of
multiple approaches to learning. It is
usually used to define a situation where
different delivery methods are combined
together to deliver a particular course.
These methods may include a mixture of
face-to-face learning, self-paced learning,
and online classrooms.
14. Face-To-Face Learning refers to
learning that occurs in a traditional
classroom setting where a faculty member
delivers instructions to a group of
learners. This could include lectures,
workshops, presentations, tutoring,
conferences, and so on.
15. Self-Paced Learning provides the
flexibility to learn according to the
 www.panaceabharti.com
availability of learners' own time and
pace. It occurs in a variety of ways,
such as reading specific chapters from
the text book, studying the course
material presented through web-based
or CD-based courses, attending pre-
recorded classes or sessions, reading
articles referred by the faculty
members, working on assignments and
projects, and searching and browsing
the Internet.
16. Online Collaborative Learning involves
interaction between the learners and the
faculty members through the web. This
interaction can occur in one of the
following modes (i) synchronous
interaction and (ii) asynchronous
interaction, which have been discussed
earlier.
17. Distance Learning is a type of
education, where students work on
their own at home or at office and
communicate with the faculty and other
students via e-mail, electronic forums,
video conferencing, chat rooms, instant
messaging, and other forms of
computer-based communications. It is
also known as open learning.
18. National Mission on Education through
Information and Communication
Technology (NMEICT): NMEICT is a
centrally sponsored scheme to realize
the potential of ICT in teaching/
learning process for benefit of all the
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
learners in higher education institutions
anytime and anywhere.
19. In web search, finding a large number
of documents with very little relevant
information is termed: poor recall
20. The concept of connect intelligence is
derived from: value added networks
21. Use of an ordinary telephone as an
internet appliance is called: voice line
22. Video transmission over the internet
that looks like delayed live casting is
called: real-time video
23. WYSIWYG – describes the display of
a document on screen as it will actually
print: what you see is what you get
24. UNIX is not a Computer language.
25. A key-board has atleast: 101 keys.
26. An e-mail address is composed of: two
parts.
27. Corel Draw is a popular: Illustration
programme.
28. Firewalls are used to protect a
communication network system
against: Unauthorized attacks
29. Under the N-list program of
INFLIBNET (under NMEICT), lakhs of
e-books and thousands of high-quality
paid e-journals have been made available
to colleges and universities with a view to
inculcate research culture in teachers and
students.
30. Frequency Modulation (FM) is a form
of modulation that conveys information
over a carrier wave by varying its
 www.panaceabharti.com
frequency (contrast this with amplitude
modulation, in which the amplitude of
the carrier is varied while its frequency
remains contestant).
31. The Internet Protocol Television
(IPTV) is a digital TV (and not PC)
that is delivered through high-speed
Internet (broadband) connection. In this
service, channels are encoded in IP
format and delivered to the TV through
a set-top box that is required at the
customer's location.
32. Registrar of Newspapers for India
(RNI) came into being in 1956. It is
mandatory for all newspapers and
magazines to get them registered with
RNI. Its head office is in New Delhi.
33. Press Information Bureau (PIB) is the
nodal agency of the Government of
India to disseminate information to the
print and electronic media on
government policies, programme
initiatives, and achievements. It has its
headquarters in New Delhi and has
eight regional offices.
34. The accounting software 'Tally' was
developed by : TCS
35. Errors in computer programmes are
called: Bugs
36. HTML is basically used to design:
Web-page
37. 'Micro Processing' is made for:
Computer
38. Information, a combination of
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
graphics, text, sound, video and
animation is called: Multimedia
39. Where does a computer add and
compare its data?: CPU
40. Computers on an internet are identified
by: IP address
41. Infotech India Ltd. Is not an Internet
Service Provider (ISP)?:
42. The hexadecimal number system
consists of the symbols: 0 – 9, A – F
43. The binary equivalent of ( - 15)10 is (2's
complement system is used): 11110001
44. 1 GB is equal to : 230 bytes
45. NAM News Network (NNN) is the
Internet-based news and photograph-
exchange arrangement of news agencies
of non-aligned movement countries.
46. Basic Computer Terms is a
programmable machine. It allows the
users to store all sorts of information and
then process that information, or data, or
carry out actions with the information,
such as calculating numbers or organizing
words.
47. Analogue Computers are that in
which data varies continuously, that is,
the movement of data is continuous. It is
generally meant to measure physical
variables such as voltage, pressure,
temperature, speed, and so on. It is mainly
used for communication and broadcast
transmission.
48. Digital Computers are those
computers in which data flow in discrete
 www.panaceabharti.com
form. These are high-speed
programmable electronic devices that
perform mathematical calculations,
compare values, and store the results.
49. A hybrid computer combines the
desirable features of analogue and
digital computers. They combine the
speed of analogue computers and
accuracy of digital computes. Now,
analogue- to- digital and digital-to-
analogue converters are used for
transforming data into suitable form for
either type of computation.
50. Mainframe Computers can also process
data at very high speed (million
instructions per second – MIPS).
Mainframe computers are large sized,
powerful, multi-user computers that
can support concurrent programs. They
can accommodate more than 1000
workstations simultaneously.
51. Mini Computers have lesser speed and
storage capacity in comparison to
mainframe computers. Hence, their
performance also is less than that of
mainframes. They are mid-sized
multiprocessing computers. They can
perform several actions at the same
time and can support 4 to 200 users
simultaneously. Some of the features of
mainframes are not available in
minicomputers.
52. A microcomputer is also called a
personal computer (PC). It is a small
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
and relatively inexpensive computer,
commonly consisting of a display screen,
a keyboard, a CPU (central processing
unit), one or more disk drives, and a
printer, with limited storage, based upon a
microprocessor. It is designed for an
individual user.
53. A peripheral device is any device that
can be connected to a computer. This
term includes monitors, keyboards,
mouse, webcams, drawing pads,
joysticks, modems, printers, scanners,
interactive whiteboards, drive wheel and
so on.
54. Input devices any device that is
capable of inputting information into a
computer system, for example, keyboard,
microphone, mouse, scanner, webcam
and so on.
55. Output devices are basically meant for
anything that comes out of a computer
after being processed. These include
monitor, headphone, printers, speakers,
plotters, and VDUs (visual display units).
56. Random Access Memory (RAM) is
also termed as the main memory. It is the
temporary memory (volatile) that allows
information to be stored randomly and
accessed quickly and directly (without the
need to go through intervening data).
57. Read-only Memory (ROM) is the
permanent memory of a computer; a set
of instructions that has been built into the
computer by the manufacturer and cannot
 www.panaceabharti.com
be accessed or changed by the user.
58. Primary storage consists of RAM and
ROM. In primary memory, data are not
stored permanently, but temporarily.
After getting off data are erased from
the memory of computer.
59. Secondary storage termed as auxiliary
storage. Secondary memory/ storage is
the slowest and the cheapest form of
memory. It cannot be processed
directly by the CPU. It must first be
copied into primary storage (RAM).
60. Secondary memory devices include
magnetic disks like hard drives and
floppy disks; optical disks such as CDs
and CD-ROMs; and magnetic tapes,
which were the first forms of secondary
memory.
61. Software is a set of programs,
procedures, algorithms, and associated
documents that provide instructions for
telling a computer what to do, when to
do, and how to do. It can also be
defined as computerized instructions
that operate a computer, manipulate the
data, and execute particular functions
or tasks.
62. System software provides the basic
functions for computer usage and helps
to run the computer hardware and
system. It includes a combination of
devices, drivers, operating systems,
serves, utilities, and Windows systems.
It manages hardware devices. It is also
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
responsible for resource allocation. The
operating system and utility software are
the two major categories of system
software.
63. Topology: The physical topology of
network refers to the configuration of
cables, computers, and other peripherals
or simply as arrangement of computers.
Here, workstation or node refers to
computer systems which are in the
network.
64. The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that
use the standard Internet Protocol Suite
(TCP/IP) to serve millions of users
worldwide. It is probably the largest
WAN in the world.
65. A web browser is a software that
permits a user, with the click of a mouse,
to locate, display, and download text,
video, audio and graphics stored in a host
computer on the web.
66. The set of computer programs that
manage the hardware/ software of a
computer is called: Operating System
67. S/MIME in internal technology stands
for: Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extension
68. The octal number system consists of
the following symbols: 0 -7
69. The binary equivalent of (-19)10 in
signed magnitude system is: 10010011
70. DNS in internet technology stands
for: Domain Name System.
 www.panaceabharti.com
Man & Environment
1. The Environmental Protection Act was
enacted under Art.253 of the
Constitution of India.
2. The purpose of the Act is to implement
the decisions made at the United
Nations Conference on Human
Environment held at Stockholm in June
1972, in which India had actively
participated.
3. The E.P. Act deals with prevention and
control of all sorts of pollution. Besides
prevention and control, the Act aims at
protection and improvement of the
Environment.
4. National Action Plan on Climate
Change or NAPCC is an action plan
prepared by Prime Minister‟s council on
30th June 2008 to tackle climate
change.
5. NAPCC is being implemented in
various stages and parts by means of 8
missions under it.
6. Montreal Protocol on substances that
deplete the Ozone Layer was signed on
16th September 1987 to protect the thin
layer of ozone in the stratosphere.
7. The Protocol has now been signed by
over 180 countries and is recognized as
a great success in the field of
environmental protection.
8. India has been active in the
implementation of the Montreal
Protocol. After becoming a signatory to
the Montreal Protocol in September,
1992.
9. The Ozone Cell, set-up under the
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
Ministry of Environment and Forests -
managing implementation of Montreal
Protocol activities.
10. The Kyoto Protocol the United
Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change was adopted in 1997 by
the third Conference of the Parties in
Kyoto (Japan) and came into force
February 16, 2005 .
11. The Kyoto Protocol is a agreement
under which industrialized countries will
reduce their collective emissions of
greenhouse gases by 5.2%.
12. India, the world‟s fourth-largest
carbon emitter with its population of 1.3
billion people , ratified the Paris
agreement on climate change on October
2, 2016 to become the 62nd nation to join
the deal.
13. The International Solar Alliance is an
alliance of more than 120 countries, most
of them being sunshine countries, which
come either completely or partly between
the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn.
14. In Sept. 2000, leaders of 189 countries
gathered at the United Nations
Headquarters and signed the historic
millennium declaration, in which they
committed to achieving a set of
measurable goals that provide a
framework for development planning for
countries around the world by the target
date of 2015.
15. The Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) are commonly described as a
“Roadmap for World Development by
2015”
16.Global warming during winter becomes
 www.panaceabharti.com
more pronounced at the : Tropic of 27. Critical Link Species are species that
Capricorn
17. In the study of man-environment
interaction, the statement of Miss
Semple that "the humans are solely the
product of their environment": A fact
18. In analysis of man-environment
relationship Pragmatic Possibilism
implies that: The man has to watch
and assess the situation and men go
ahead with resource utilization
19. The maximum loss of forest lands in
India is caused by: River valley
projects
20. Bitumen is obtained from: Crude oil
21. Malaria is caused by: parasitic
infection
22. Largest soil group of India is: Sandy
soil
23. Main pollutant of the Indian coastal
water is: industrial effluents
24. Human ear is most sensitive to noise
in the following frequency ranges: 1-
2KHz
25. Tamil Nadu coastal belt has drinking
water shortage due to: seepage of sea
water
26. A species is a set of organisms that
resemble each other in certain
features. The members of a species
living together and interacting with
each other are called a population. The
members of a population live within a
given area.
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
play an important role in supporting
network species as pollinators, dispersal
agents, absorption or circulation of
nutrients, etc. Mycorrhizal fungi help the
vascular plants in obtaining inorganic
nutrients from soil and organic residues.
28.A community is an assemblage of all the
interacting populations of different
species in a geographical area. It is a
complex interacting network of plants,
animals, and microorganisms. Each
population has a defined role in the
community.
29.The term ecosystem was defined by
Arthur Tansley in 1935. Ecosystem is a
self-regulating community of living
organisms (populations of species),
interacting with each other and their non-
living, physical environment, for
example, forest ecosystem and ocean
ecosystem.
30.Living components in an ecosystem are
either the producers or the consumers.
They are also called the biotic
components. Producers produce organic
components, for example, plants produce
starch, carbohydrates, and cellulose by a
process called photosynthesis.
31.In ecology, abiotic components are non-
living chemical and physical factors in
the environment that affect the
ecosystems. Examples are water, light,
wind, soil, humidity, minerals, and gases.
 www.panaceabharti.com
They affect the ability of organisms to
survive and reproduce.
32. There are different types of
ecosystems around us, which involve
living organisms and non-living
things. If we combine all the
ecosystems present one earth, it is
called biosphere.
33. The terrestrial portion of biosphere is
divided into biomes. They usually
have distinct climates and life forms
adapted to that climate. Deserts,
grasslands, tropical forests, and rain
forests are the main examples of
biomes.
34. The area or natural environment in
which an organism or population
normally lives is called habitat. A
habitat is made up of physical factors
such as soil, moisture, range of
temperature, and availability of light
as well as biotic factors such as
availability of food and the presence
of predators. When organisms of
different species live together, it is
called as cohabitat.
35. While all rivers of Peninsular India
flow into the Bay of Bengal, Narmada
and Tapti flow into the Arabian Sea
because these two rivers: Follow the
slope of these rift valleys
36. Soils in the Mahanadi delta are less
fertile than those in the Godavari delta
because of: erosion of top soils by
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
annual floods
37.Human ear is most sensitive to noise in
which of the following ranges: 2-5 KHz
38.If the population growth follows a
logistic curve, the maximum sustainable
yield: is equal to half the carrying
capacity
39.Chemical weathering of rocks is largely
dependent upon: high temperature
40.Fresh water achieves its greatest density
at: 4C
41.The tallest trees in the world are found in
the region: Equatorial region
42.Hydrological (natural hazards) cause
maximum damage to property and lives
43.Pollution is a negative/undesirable
change in the environment, usually the
addition of something hazardous or
detrimental. Generally, degradable or
non-persistent pollutants such as
domestic sewage, discarded vegetables
are broken down by natural processes.
Some persistent or non-biodegradable
pollutants do not get destroyed and are
our source of worry.
44.Clean, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen
by volume and 20.94% oxygen. The
remaining 0.97% is made of gaseous
mixture of carbon dioxide, helium,
krypton, argon, xenon, nitrous oxide, and
very small amounts of other organic and
inorganic gases.
45.Primary pollutants enter the atmosphere
directly from the source. some important
 www.panaceabharti.com
primary pollutants are as follows:
1. Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
2. Oxides of carbon
3. Hydrocarbons (e.g., methane)
4. Sulphur oxides (SOx)
5. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
6. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
7. Lead
46. Secondary pollutants are not directly
emitted from sources; they are formed
as a result of chemical reactions
between the primary pollutants and
certain atmospheric constituents, in the
presence of sunlight. Sulphates,
nitrates, and organic particles can be
transported over large distances, such
as hundreds and even thousands of
kilometers.
47. Acid rain is caused by a chemical
reaction that begins when compounds
like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides are released into the air. These
substances can rise very high into the
atmosphere, where they mix and react
with water, oxygen, and other
chemicals to form more acidic
pollutants known as acid rain.
48. Aerosols – They are stable
suspensions of solid or liquid particles
in air. Aerosols affect the weather
conditions by blocking solar
radiations. Deposition of aerosols on
leaves affects the process of
photosynthesis.
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
 Mist – Aerosols constricting of liquid
droplets
 Dust – Arosols consisting of solid
particles
 Fume – Aerosols consisting of hot
vapours of metals
 Smoke is also an aerosol – mixtures of
liquid and solid particles as a result of
burning
 Plume – geometrical form of smoke
smog is the mixture of smoke and fog
(discussed separately)
49.Pollution situation became so alarming in
Delhi that it was declared as a 'gas
chamber' by the Delhi High Court in
2015. Delhi Government started a pilot
project 'Odd Even Formula' on January
1, 2016 to bring down the air pollution
levels amidst reports that Delhi is the
most polluted city in the world.
50.The major reasons for indoor air
pollution are inefficient burning of
inferior fuels during cooking or heating
such as cow dung, agricultural residue,
and coal and fuel wood, along with poor
ventilation systems inside the house.
51.Water covers about 70% of earth's
surface. Water is an important resource
for the people and the environment.
Water is the basis of life; it makes up to
60-95% of the total weight of any
functioning living cell.
52.The discharge of harmful substances by
specific sources into a water body leads
 www.panaceabharti.com
to point source pollution.
53. The accumulation of a toxic chemical
in the bodies of organisms as we move
from producers, to primary consumers,
to secondary consumers etc. is called
biomagnifications.
54. The inorganic nutrients in the run-off
from agricultural fields reaching a
water body increase the nutrient
content of the water body. These
nutrients cause the profuse growth of
algae (algal bloom) in it. This growth
eventually causes the death of small
fish and organism in them.
55. A good quality soil can support
vegetation; without which life on earth
cannot be sustained. It may take upto
1,000 years to form an inch of soil,
and building-up of organic matter can
also take a very long time. Even soil
makes a dynamic ecosystem to sustain
itself.
56. Noise pollution may be defined as
environmental noise that causes
physiological or psychological damage
if the volume is high or exposure is
prolonged. Noise is also defined as
unwanted sound; it is an irritant and a
source of stress.
57. Sound is measured in decibel (dB).
The unit was chosen in honour of
Alexander Graham Bell, who invented
the telephone. It is not a linear scale,
but a logarithmic scale. For example, a
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
change from 40 dB to 80 dB represents a
10,000 fold increase in loudness. A
modified scale called as decibel-A takes
into account the pitch as well. The
permitted noise level is 125 dB as per the
Environment Protection Rules, 1999.
58.Radiation is defined as transmission of
energy in the form of waves through
space or a material medium. Radiation is
of two kinds – ionising and non-ionising.
Ionizing radiation or high energy
radiation like X-rays or gamma rays can
alter DNA and can be harmful.
59.Natural hazards are hazards that are
caused by natural phenomena (hazards of
meterorological, geological, or even
biological origin). Examples of natural
hazards are cyclones, tsunamis,
earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions,
which are exclusively of natural origin.
60.Earthquake is the sudden shaking of
earth's crust. The impact of an
earthquake is sudden and there is hardly
any warning, making it impossible to
predict. Seismology is the study of
earthquakes and seismic waves that
moves through and around the earth.
61.A Volcanoes is an opening, or rupture, in
the earth's surface or crust, which allows
hot magma, volcanic ash, and gases from
within the earth to reach the surface.
Most volcanoes have a volcanic crater at
the top.
62.Cyclone is a region of low atmospheric
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

pressure surrounded by high atmospheric 66. Dioxins are produced from: Combustion
pressure, resulting in swirling of plastics
atmospheric disturbances, 67.The slogan "a tree for each child" was
accompanied by powerful winds coined for: Social forestry programme
blowing in anticlockwise direction in 68.The main constituents of biogas are:
the northern hemisphere and in Methane and Carbon dioxide
clockwise direction in the southern 69.The concentration of Total Dissolved
hemisphere. They occur mainly in the Solids (TDS) in drinking water should
tropical and temperate regions of the not exceed: 500 mg/L
world. 70.The constituents of photochemical smog
63. Flood is a state of high water level responsible for eye irritation are: HCHO
along a river channel or on the coast and PAN
that leads to inundation of land, which 71.Volcanic eruptions affect: lithosphere,
is not usually submerged. There are hydrosphere and atmosphere
different types of floods, namely flash 72.The Ganga Action Plan was initiated
flood, riverine flood, and urban flood. during the year: 1986
64. Flash floods are rapid inland floods 73.Identify the correct sequence of energy
due to intense rainfall. A flash flood sources in order of their share in the
describes sudden flooding within a power sector in India: Thermal > hydro >
short duration. In sloped terrains, the nuclear > wind
water flows rapidly with a high 74.Chromium as a contaminant in drinking
destruction potential. In flat terrains, water in excess of permissible levels,
the rainwater cannot infiltrate into the cause: Liver/ Kidney problems
ground or run-off (due to small slope) 75.The main precursors of winter smog are:
as quickly as it falls. SO2 and hydrocarbons
65. A cloudburst is an extreme amount of 76.Flash floods are caused when: the
precipitation, sometimes with hail and atmosphere is convectively unstable and
thunder, which normally lasts no there is considerable vertical wind shear
longer than a few minutes but is 77.In mega cities of India, the dominant
capable of creating flood conditions. source of air pollution is: transport sector
Colloquially, the term cloudburst may
be used to describe any sudden heavy, 78.Drought is either the absence or
brief, and usually unforecasted deficiency of rainfall from its normal
rainfall. pattern in a region for an extended period

Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019

Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

of time leading to general suffering in the includes technical education, is one of the
society. It is an interplay between the largest in the world, just after the United
demand that people place on natural States and China.
supply of water and the natural event 3. Values are the guiding principles,
that provides water in a given ideals or standards which can be used as
geographical region. reference point in decision making.
79. A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in 4. Value education focuses on
combustible vegetation that occurs in developing critical thinking, courage,
the countryside or a wilderness area. A commitment, so that we can differentiate
wildfire differs from other fires by its between what is actually important and
extensive size, the speed at which it what is not aim of value education is
can spread out from its original source, linked with the fundamental question of
its potential to change directions what educational itself is meant for.
unexpectedly, and its ability to jump 5. Values are affected by society,
gaps such as roads, rivers, and fire confidence, knowledge etc.
breaks. 6. Individual Perspective: To enable
80. The term landslide includes all students to achieve personal fulfillment for
varieties of mass moment of hill success.
slopes and can be defined as the 7. Societal Perspective: Education aims
downward and outward movement of to prepare the youth to contribute to
slope-forming materials composed of society.
rocks, soils, artificial fills, or a 8. Main issues behind the need for
combination of all these materials importing value education:
along surfaces of separation by falling,  Tradition vs. Modernity
sliding and flowing, either slowly or  Globalization
quickly from one place to another.  Diversity
 Mass Media & Society
Higher Education  Explosion of Science & Technology
 Environment
1. Higher education provides people with 9. Oriental learning programmes
an opportunity to reflect on the critical, Involves courses based on the study of
social, economical, cultural, moral, and society, culture, language, History,
people, etc.
spiritual issues facing humanity.
10. Conventional Learning Programmes
2. Indian higher education system, which are also known as traditional learning
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
 www.panaceabharti.com
programmes. It involves the learning
inside a classroom set-up. It does not
make use of modern technology in
learning.
11. Conventional Learning is a passive
learning. Where the child listens to
teacher and follow directions from the
teacher who sets the pace of
instructions.
12. Non-conventional learning
programmes also know as modern
learning programmes. As the name
suggests, these programmes involve the
use of modern technology. There is
limited peer contact .General
development of student via active
learning and mastering of learning
modules.
LIKE: SWAYAM, SWAYAM-
PRABHA, MOOC‟S
13. The Department of Higher
Education, MHRD, is responsible for
the overall development of the basic
infrastructure of Higher Education
sector, both in terms of policy and
planning.
14. Vision of department of higher
education is to realize India's human
resource potential to its fullest in the
Higher Education sector, with equity
and inclusion.
15. Main objectives of department of
higher education are:
• To expand the Higher Education
sector in all modes of delivery .
• To expand institutional base of
Higher Education.
• To provide opportunities of Higher
Education to socially-deprived
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
communities and remove disparities by
promoting the inclusion of women,
minorities and differently-abled
persons.
• To create conditions for knowledge
generation through improved research
facilities in universities and colleges.
16. National Academic Depository
(NAD) is a 24X7 online store house of all
academic awards viz. certificates,
diplomas, degrees, mark-sheets etc. duly
digitised and lodged by academic
institutions / boards / eligibility assessment
bodies.
17. SWAYAM is a programme initiated
by Government of India and designed to
achieve the three cardinal principles of
Education Policy viz., access, equity and
quality. The objective of this effort is to
take the best teaching learning resources to
all, including the most disadvantaged.
18. SWAYAM seeks to bridge the digital
divide for students who have hitherto
remained untouched by the digital
revolution and have not been able to join
the mainstream of the knowledge
economy.
19. The SWAYAM PRABHA is a group
of 32 DTH channels devoted to telecasting
of high-quality educational programmes
on 24X7 basis using the GSAT-15
satellite.
20. The contents are provided by NPTEL,
IITs, UGC, CEC, IGNOU, NCERT and
NIOS.
21. IMPRINT is the first of its kind
MHRD supported Pan-IIT + IISc joint
initiative to address the major science and
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

engineering challenges that India must 27. In 2006, Singapore, China, India,
address and champion to enable,
empower and embolden the nation for
inclusive growth and self-reliance.
22. NIRF (National institutional ranking
framework) outlines a methodology to
rank institutions across the country. The 28. In 1817, Hindu College was
parameters broadly cover “Teaching,
Learning and Resources,” “Research
and Professional Practices,” became Presidency College in 1855 and
“Graduation Outcomes,” “Outreach and
Inclusivity,” and “Perception”.
23. Atal Ranking of Institutions on
Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) is an
initiative of Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD), Govt.
of India to systematically rank all major
higher educational institutions and
universities in India on indicators
related to “Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Development”
amongst students and faculties.
24. Formal education system can be
categorized into three, namely primary,
secondary, and tertiary education.
25. During the Gupta period, India
became a centre of higher learning with
Nalanda (all branches of knowledge),
Takshila (study of medicine) and Ujjain
(study of astronomy) among others.
26. Mughal education system consisted
of primary and secondary schools, and
even colleges. Colleges were
established at Fatehpur Sikri, Agra
Delhi, and other places. Education
system based on Hindu philosophy also
existed side by side.
Japan, and other nations announced a
proposed plan to restore and revive the
ancient site as Nalanda International
University.
established in Calcutta which later became
Presidency College in Calcutta which later
Presidency University in 2010.
29. Wood Dispatch the first policy
measure regarding higher education. It
recommended setting up of three
universities, namely, at Madras, Calcutta,
and Bombay, which were set up in 1857.
30. Hunter Commission emphasized the
segregation of primary education and
higher education. It proposed that
universities would have to manage the
affiliated colleges.
31. Lord Curzon was the first person to
appoint a commission on university
education. The Indian Universities Act
of 1904, passed on March 21, was
formulated on the basis of the
recommendation of the Indian
University Commission of 1902.
32. Hartog Committee focused on
improving the quality and standards of
university-level education.
33. Sapru Committee appointed in 1934 by
the United Province (largely present
Uttar Pradesh) Government to enquire
into the causes of unemployment in

Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019

Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
 www.panaceabharti.com
U.P.
34. Radhakrishnan Commission, also
known as University Education
Commission, suggested the
integration of secondary education
and higher education by setting up of
UGC.
35. Kothari Commission was titled as
'Education and National
Development' report. It is a very
progressive report. It proposed a
three-year degree course and a four-
year honours degree course.
Establishment of Indian Education
Service (IES) to improve the quality
of Indian higher education with
emphasis on quality teaching
faculties to vocationalise secondary
education was recommended. It
recommended that 6% of the national
income should be spent on
education.
36. Kothari Commission was followed
by the National Policy on Education
(NPE) of 1968 and 1986. These
emphasized on improving the quality
of higher education level and also
proposed imparting higher education
by distance learning mode.
37. The word university is derived from
the Latin word Universitas, which
means specialized associations
between students and teachers.
38. A central university or a union
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
university in India is established by Act
of Parliament and are under the
purview of the Department of Higher
Education in the Union Human
Resource Development Ministry.
39. State universities established or
incorporated by a Provincial Act or by
a State Act is called a state university.
The state universities are included in
the List of 12 (B) of UGC Act, 1956
and are eligible for central assistance.
40. Private universities established through
the state or central act by a sponsoring
body, namely a society registered under
the Societies Registration Act, 1860 or
any other corresponding law for the
time being in force, in a state or a
public trust or a company registered
under Section 25 of the Companies Act,
1956 is called a private university.
41. A deemed to be university, commonly
known as a deemed university, refers to
a high-performing institution, as
declared by the central government
under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956.
42. Deemed universities can be approved
only by an executive order after UGC
recommendation. Although they enjoy
all the powers of a university, they do
not have the right to affiliate colleges.
43. NAAC is an autonomous body
established in 1994 by the UGC with its
headquarters in Bangalore. It was
established after the NPE, 1986.
 www.panaceabharti.com
44. Set up in 1994, NBA is an autonomous
body established by AICTE to
conduct periodical evaluation of
technical courses offered in India.
45. Open learning is a philosophy,
whereas distance education is the
mode used for translating it into
reality as the two are complementary
to each other.
46. Distance education (DE) is an
umbrella term that describes all the
teaching and learning arrangements
in which the learner and the teacher
are separated by space and time.
47. IGNOU was established in 1985 by
an act of Parliament with dual
responsibilities of (i) enhancing
access and equity to higher education
through distance mode and (ii)
promoting, coordinating, and
determining standards in open
learning and distance education
systems.
48. The aim of value education is linked
with the fundamental question of
what education itself is meant for.
49. GIAN aims at tapping the talent pool
of scientists and entrepreneurs,
internationally, to encourage their
engagement with the institutes of
Higher Education in India so as to
augment the country's existing
academic resources, accelerate the
pace of quality reform, and elevate
Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019
Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
Mobile: +91-98884-05906
India's scientific and technological
capacity to global excellence.
50. Skills Assessment Matrix for
Vocational Advancement of Youth
(SAMVAY) is now in place which
allows vertical and lateral mobility
within vocational education system and
between the current education systems.
51. The National Digital Library of India is
envisaged as a National knowledge
asset that will provide ubiquitous
digital knowledge source.
52. National Assessment and Accreditation
Council had submitted a project
proposal to MHRD under Rashtriya
Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA).
53. Education Sector Skill Council was
constituted in Sept., 2014 to consider
job roles other than academic faculties
and teacher qualifications.
54. One hundred 'Deen Dayal Upadhyay
Centres for Knowledge Acquisition and
Upgradation of Skilled Human
Abilities and Livelihood' (KAUSHAL)
will be set up.
55. PRAGATI – Scholarships for Girl
Child for Technical education:
PRAGATI aims at providing
encouragement and support to girl child
to pursue technical education.
56. According to Radhakrishnan
Commission, the aim of Higher
Education is: To develop the
democratic values, peace and harmony,
 www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

to develop great personalities who can 61. India's first Defense University is the
give their contributions in politics, State of : Haryana.
administration, industry and 62. Most of the Universities in India:
commerce conduct teaching/ research and
57. The National Museum at New Delhi examinations
is attached to: Part of Ministry of 63. Effective communication needs a
Tourism and Culture supportive: social environment
58. Election of Rural and Urban local 64. The first Open University in India was
bodies are conducted and ultimately set up in the State of: Andhra Pradesh
supervised by: State Election 65. AICTE looks after the quality of
Commission Technical and Management education
59. As per the NCTE norms, what in India.
should be the staff strength for a unit 66. According to Swami Vivekananda,
of 100 students at B.Ed. level?: 1 + 7 teacher's success depends on: His
60. The Right to Information Act, 2005 mastery on the subject and capacity in
makes the provision of: controlling the students
Dissemination of all types of
information by all Public authorities
to any person, Establishment of
Central, State and District Level
Information Commissions as an
appellate body, Transparency and
accountability in Public authorities.

Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019

Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana
www.panaceabharti.com Mobile: +91-98884-05906

Join New Batches from 01 July & 08 July, 2019

Address:  PAU Gate no.3 Road, Ludhiana