Hydro-Electric

Power Plant

Presented by Aniket Raj,

Tezpur Central University
 CONTENT

01 BASIC PRINCIPAL OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

02 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

LIST OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN INDIA WITH THEIR

03 INSTALLED CAPACITIES

FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS USED IN HYDROELECTRIC

04 POWER PLANT

05 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

• 2018-2019 power consumption leads to 1547 TWh.
• 1,181 kwh per capita.
• The level of electricity consumption achieved by 2030 could be 3000 TWh
• India is the world’s third largest producer and has installed capacity of 364.17GW

Nuclear 3.35%

Wind 5.84%

Hydro 13.21%

Thermal 73.06%

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%

Energy Generation Statistics 1

LIST OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN INDIA WITH THEIR INSTALLED CAPACITIES

Indira Sagar Dam Madhya Karcham Wangtoo Himachal

Pradesh, 1000 MW, 2.2% Pradesh, 1000 MW, 2.2%

Sharavathi Project Tehri Dam Uttarakhand,

Karnataka, 1035 MW, 2400 MW, 5.38%
2.32%

Chamera Himachal
Pradesh, 1071 MW,
INDIA'S Hydroelectric
Koyna Hydroelectric
2.4% Capacity Is 44,594 MW Project Maharashtra,
1960 MW, 4.4%

Bhakra Nangal Dam

Himachal Pradesh,
1325 MW, 2.97% Srisailam Andhra Pradesh,
1670 MW, 3.7%

Sardar Sarovar Dam Nathpa Jhakri Himachal

Gujarat, 1450 MW, 3.25% Pradesh,1500 MW, 3.36% 2
Contribution of NEEPCO in the hydro installed capacity of Northeast Region

Sl. No Project Name Location / State Capacity (Mw) Status

1 Ranganadi Hydro Electric Plant Yazali, Dist-lower Subansiri, Arunachal Pradesh 405 Completed

2 Kopili Hydro Electric Plant Umrongso, District-dima Hasao, ASSAM 275 Completed

3 Pare Hydro Electric Plant Papum Pare District, Arunachal Pradesh 110 Completed

4 Doyang Hydro Electric Plant District - Wokha, Nagaland 75 Completed

5 Tuirial Hydro Electric Plant Kolasib District , Mizoram 60 Completed

Sub Total : 925

6 Kameng Hydro Electric Plant Arunachal Pradesh 600 Ongoing (2020)

Grand Total : 1525 Up to 2020

3
NEEPCO- North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited
Classification of hydro-Electric power plant

On the basis of availability of Head of Water:

1. Low head plant. Operating head < 15m.

2. Medium head plant. Operating head 15 to 50m.

3. High head plants Operating head > 50m.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 4
HOW HYDROELECTRICITY WORKS

The process
• Flowing water is directed toward and used to spin giant turbines.
• Mechanical energy is generated.
• The mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy using generators.
• The electrical energy flows to powerlines, and from there to consumers as needed. 5
 Surge Tank

Governor

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 6
The principal components of H_E power plant are:
1. Dam
2. Intake structure (Reservoir)
3. Spillway
4. Penstocks
5. Surge tank
6. Turbines
7. Governor
8. Power house
9. Generator
10. Draft tube
11. Tail race
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 Dam
• It is a barrier across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of the water.

Before the Construction of the Dam After the Construction of the Dam
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Intake structure

• Intake structures are used for collecting water from the surface sources such as

river, lake, and reservoir .

Reservoir

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Spillway

• Spillway is used to dispose off excess water in reservoir.

• Spillways ensure that the water does not overflow and damage or destroy the dam.
Spillway

10
 Penstock
• The water flow of from dam towards turbine with the help of penstock.

• It converts the potential energy of water into kinetic energy.

• It is made up of cast iron or concrete material.

Penstock

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Surge Tank
• It is connected in between dam & power house.
• When water flows from dam towards turbine , it filled the
surge tank first , after that valve is open either manually or
automatically
• This sequence is follow to avoid or to prevent the turbines
against water hammer effect.

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Due to sudden reduction in water discharge (when load on generator is reduced ,
governor closes the turbine gates) causes increase in pressure of the water in the
penstock.
Due to high pressure penstock may damage. This effect is known as ‘Water ham
mer effect’.

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Penstock blast Idukki dam, Kerala (780MW)
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Turbine or Prime mover
• Its main function is to take water from dam at high pressure & start to rotate.

• It converts kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy.

Types of turbines:

1. Impulse turbine (Used in high head plants)

e.g:- Pelton Wheel, Turgo, Michell-Banki

2. Reaction Turbine (used in low & medium head plants)

e.g:- Francis turbine, Kaplan turbine

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Governor
• Governing system or governor is the main controller of the turbine.

• The governor varies the water flow through the turbine to control its speed or

power output.

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Draft Tube

• It is used in hydro-electric power plant near the turbine.

• It allows the turbine to be set above tail water level, without loss of head.

Draft Tube

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Generator
• It is used to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy. For that

purpose the turbine & generator are mechanically coupled.

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 Tailrace
• Tailrace is the area where the water leaves the station after generation and it returns

to the river.

• Tail race is designed in such a way that water hammer is minimizes when water

leaves the draft tube.

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Power House

• Power house contains the electro mechanical equipment i.e. Hydro power turbin,

generator, excitation system, transformers, switchyard, e.t.c

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 Advantages
• No fuel required

• No air pollution

• The life of plant is longest

• Renewable energy

• Water supply and flood control

• Generation cost per unit (KWH) is lowest

• Can easily work during high peak daily loads

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Disadvantages
• Disruption of surrounding areas

• Requires large areas

• High capital cost due to construction of dam

• Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems (Fish population affected)

• Firm power (Output) is totally depends on monsoon.

• As sites are away from load centre, so cost of transmission

and losses in it are more.

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 Reference

• https://theconstructor.org/structures
• Wikipedia
• http://www.sgipolytechnic.in/Notes/Electrical/
Thanks