6.

Classifications of law the Philippines on December 7,

1889. It was approved as RA no.
(1) As to its purpose:
386 on June 18,1949 and took
(a) Substantive Law – that portion of effect on August 30, 1950.
the body of law creating, defining,
8. Conclusive presumption of the
and regulating rights and duties
knowledge of law
which may either be public or
private in character.  Ignorance of law excuses no one
from compliance therewith. (Art 3,
Ex. Law on obligations and contracts.
Civil Code)
(b) Adjective Law – that portion of the “Everyone, therefore, is
body of law prescribing the manner conclusively presumed to know the
or procedure by which rights may law”
be enforced or their violations
redressed. Sometimes called
remedial law or procedural law.
(2) As to its subjective matter:
(a) Public Law – the body of legal
rules which regulates the rights
and duties arising the from the
relationship of the state to the
people.
Ex. Criminal law, international law,
Constitutional law, administrative
law, and Criminal Procedure.
(b) Private Law – the body of rules
which regulates the relations of
individuals with one another for
purely private ends.
Ex. Law on obligations and
contracts, civil law, commercial or
mercantile law
7. Definition of obligations and contracts
 The Law on Obligations and
Contracts is the study of the body
of rules which deal with the nature
and sources of obligations and the
rights and duties arising from
agreements and particular
contracts.
 The Law on Obligations and
Contracts is found in the Republic
Act No. 386, known as the Civil
Code of the Philippines. Civil Code
of the Philippines is based on Civil
Code of Spain which took effect in