Code - Aster: Simplified Analysis of Harmfulness of Defect by The Method K-Beta

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Titre : Analyse simplifiée de nocivité de défaut par la mé[...] Date : 15/07/2014 Page : 1/17
Responsable : PARROT Aurore Clé : R7.02.10 Révision :
863dee1fa915
Simplified analysis of harmfulness of defect by the

method K-beta
Summary:
The method of analysis presented (method K-beta) is applied to the analysis of harmfulness of a defect located
under the coating of the tanks of the pressurized water reactors, put in work by the order POST_K_BETA.
The method K-beta of reference is codified in RSE-M and is to evaluate, starting from a study carried out within
the framework of linear elasticity and in which the defect is not explicitly with a grid, the elastoplastic factor of
intensity of the constraints (also qualified “corrected plastically” in the context of this methodology) on the level
of each various point of the defect, i.e. on the level of the point of the defect located on the side of the coating
(named point With) and on the level of the point of the defect located in the base metal (named point B).
With this intention, one initially calculates the elastic stress intensity factor to the two points of the defect, using
the constraints with the nodes resulting from the mechanical resolution and the residual stresses given by the
user. Then, in the second time, one calculates the factor of intensity of the constraints corrected plastically
starting from his elastic equivalent via the method known as of the “correction β ”. At every moment of the
analysis and on the level of each point of the defect, the report obtained of critical tenacity on the stress
intensity factor corrected plastically determines the instantaneous factor of margin and then makes it possible
to deduce from it the minimum factor of margin with respect to the rupture.
The theoretical aspects of the method K-beta and its implementation data-processing are the objects of the
following paragraphs.
This method corresponds to the Rupt1D approach in the nomenclature of the project EDF Epicure.
Warning : The translation process used on this website is a "Machine Translation". It may be imprecise and inaccurate in whole or in part and is
provided as a convenience.
Copyright 2017 EDF R&D - Licensed under the terms of the GNU FDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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Contents
Contents
1 General description of the method........................................................................................ 3
1.1 Principle of calculations carried out...............................................................................3
1.2 Tally of validity of the method......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Geometrical treatment of the shift for the elliptic defect................................................4
2 Stage n°1: calculation of the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints of the elliptic defect............6
2.1 Elastic factor of intensity of the constraints of a defect bandages in an infinite plate....6
2.2 Change of reference mark............................................................................................. 7
2.3 Digital determination of the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints of the defect bandages 10
2.4 Factors of geometrical correction for a defect under elliptic coating..............................11
2.4.1 Correction by the factors of edge..........................................................................11
2.4.2 Correction by the factors of ellipticity....................................................................12
2.4.3 Stress intensity factors elastic of an elliptic DSR..................................................12
3 Stage n°1: calculation of the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints of the semi-elliptic defect. 13
3.1 Definition of the defect................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Calculation of the elastic stress intensity factor.............................................................13
3.3 Determination of the coefficients of influence................................................................14
3.4 Change of reference mark............................................................................................. 14
4 Stage n°2: calculation of the elastoplastic factor of intensity of the constraints by the method of the
“correction B ” .................................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Plastic factor of correction on a phase of load considered separately...........................14
4.2 Plastic correction during a transient...............................................................................15
5 Validation.............................................................................................................................. 16
6 Bibliographical references.................................................................................................... 17
7 Description of the versions of the document........................................................................17
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1 General description of the method

1.1 Principle of calculations carried out
That the defect considered is of elliptic or semi-elliptic form, the principle general of the method
remains exactly the same one on the level of each point of the defect considered.
In a first stage, starting from a share of the examination of the constraints resulting from the digital
analysis in linear elasticity on the healthy grid (without defect with a grid) and in addition, of the
residual stresses provided by the user, the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints is calculated
while being based on an analytical formula. It is primarily on the level of this first stage that the
treatment difference between the elliptic defect is and the semi-elliptic defect insofar as the analytical
formula on which the examination is based differs according to whether the defect is elliptic or that it is
semi-elliptic. Indeed, in the first case, this analytical formula corresponds to that for a defect bandages
in an infinite medium with the help of some suitable modifications so that it applies to the case of an
elliptic defect. On the other hand, in the second case, this analytical formula corresponds to the
method of the coefficients of influence which is codified in the RSE-M.
In one second stage, the application of the method known as of the “correction B ” on the elastic
factor of intensity of the constraints allows to deduce the elastoplastic factor of intensity of the
constraints (also qualified consequently “corrected plastically”). Thus, during this second stage, the
methodology of determination of the factor of intensity of the constraints corrected plastically starting
from the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints identical rest enters the case of the elliptic defect
and the case of the elliptic defect.
1.2 Tally of validity of the method K β
The method suggested applies to a defect under coating located partly current of a ferritic tank steel
covered in internal wall by subjected austenitic stainless steel either:
• with a thermal transient applied on the surface possibly interns combined with a loading of
pressure limited
• with a loading of direct compression.
Method known as of the correction “correctionB ” is not only valid for a defect under coating of which
the point located on the side of the coating is strictly with the interface between the coating and the
base metal but the method remains also valid when this last point is slightly shifted in the coating or
the base metal.
While noting pdef depth of the defect in the radial direction and eprev (respectively epmdb ) the
thickness of the coating (respectively the thickness of the base metal), the RSE-M specifies the
following conditions of validity of the method:
∣deca∣ pdef pdef 1

• ≤0,2 and ≤3 and ≤
eprev eprev  ep rev ep mdb  10
The whole of these parameters is illustrated on the figure 1.2-a
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Figure 1.2-1: Diagram of the defect under-coating
Figure 1.2-a: Diagram of the defect under-coating
For the case of the elliptic defect, the three following positions compared to the interface between the
coating and the base metal are thus possible:
• light shift of the defect in the coating (negatively counted shift, deca<0 )
• defect located rigorously under the coating (null shift, deca=0 )
• light shift of the defect in the base metal (positively counted shift, deca>0 )
On the other hand, for the case of the semi-elliptic defect, by nature, only the case of the defect
located rigorously under the coating (null shift, deca=0 ) is considered.
1.3 Geometrical treatment of the shift for the elliptic defect

The treatment of the shift of the elliptic defect differs according to whether this shift is in the coating or
the base metal. Indeed, in the case of a shift in the coating, the shift actually corresponds to a
prolongation of the defect of a distance ∣deca∣ in the coating while in the case of a shift in the base
metal, this shift corresponds indeed to a translation of the defect of a distance ∣deca∣ in the base
metal.
Thus, in the first case ( deca<0 ), the effective depth of the defect in the radial direction is not
pdef but pdef +∣deca∣ . The point B is located in the base metal at a distance pdef interface
enters the coating and the base metal. Point A is located in the coating at a distance ∣deca∣ interface
enters the coating and the base metal. This first case is illustrated in the Figure 1.3-a.
On the other hand, in the second case ( deca>0 ), the effective depth of the defect in the radial
direction is well pdef . The point B is located in the base metal at a distance pdef +deca interface
enters the coating and the base metal. Point A is located in the base metal at a distance deca
interface enters the coating and the base metal. This second case is illustrated in Figure 1.3-b.
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Figure 1.3-a: Elliptic defect shifted in the coating
Figure 1.3-b: Elliptic defect shifted in the base metal
It should be noted that, by default, it is the value deca=−2.10−4 who is selected in POST_K_BETA
for the elliptic defect. In other words, by default in POST_K_BETA, the elliptic defect is regarded as
very slightly shifted in the coating.
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2 Stage n°1: calculation of the elastic factor of intensity of

the constraints of the elliptic defect
The evaluation of the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints on the levels of the points of the
elliptic defect is carried out in several stages whose principle even is a natural consequence of the
physical type of problem which was studied to obtain the formula associated with this evaluation.
Indeed, it rests in the beginning on the study of a defect bandages in a plate of infinite size which led
to the establishment of an analytical formula making it possible to determine the factor of intensity of
the constraints of a defect bandages in a plate of infinite size, noted K IA∞ for the face side coating
and noted K IB ∞ for the face side base metal, starting from the examination, along the radial depth of
this defect bandages, of the normal constraints to its plan to which the residual stresses provided by
the user are possibly added. These factors of intensity of the elastic constraints of the defect band are
corrected thereafter to take account on the one hand finished dimensions of the medium and on the
other hand, elliptic form of the defect.
2.1 Elastic factor of intensity of the constraints of a defect bandages in

an infinite plate
The factor of intensity of the constraints rubber band on the level of the point of a defect band
located in a plate of infinite dimensions is given by the following relation:
{
a
K  01 :
K IA∞ =∫
−a 
  x  a−x
  a a x
dx
a
K IB∞ =∫
−a 
  x  a x
  a a −x
dx
where x represent the algebraic distance compared to the center of the defect in the direction its
radial depth, where 2a (radial depth of the defect is the bandwidth) and where A and B in are the
two ends located respectively in – a and a . The constraint   x  is the constraint (forced elastic
added residual stress) normal with the plan of the crack, i.e. the constraint of opening of the defect.
It should be noted that the need for carrying out a distinction between the face of the defect side
coating and that side base metal comes owing to the fact that the loading can not be symmetrical
compared to the axis of symmetry of the defect bandages in the direction its height. One can notice
besides that if the constraints would be symmetrical compared to the median axis of the defect
bandages in the direction its height, i.e. if σ( x)=σ (−x) , change of variable x in −x in the
expression of K IB ∞ watch that the two factors of intensity of the constraints are then quite equal.
The configurations “defect of circumferential orientation” and “defect of longitudinal orientation” are
defined by two sketches Ci - afterwards.
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Défaut bandecirconférentiel
x
A B
-a +a
z
Figure 2.1-a: Defect bandages circumferential

y
Défaut bande longitudinal
x
A B
-a +a
z
Figure 2.1-b: Defect bandages longitudinal

For the defect bandages circumferential orientation , one takes   x  = yy  x 
For the defect bandages longitudinal orientation, one takes   x  = zz  x 
2.2 Change of reference mark

In the linear elastic study, the location considered for the tank is the total Cartesian base. However, for
the identification of the normal constraint to the plan of crack, taking into account the cylindrical
geometry of the tank and the two types of orientation of defect studied, it practical and is adapted
power to place itself in the cylindrical base centered on the medium of the defect.
Thus, a change of reference mark is carried out in POST_K_BETA before the application of the
analytical formula described in the §2.1.
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1) Basic change
• Case 1: passage de la bases Cartesian local (in the plan of cut of the axisymmetric model) at
the cylindrical base
y
Z x
 r
Figure 2.2-a: Base cylindrical

One a: e x =e r e y =e Z e z=−e 
The basic change for the tensor of the constraints is written:
[ ][ ][ ][ ]
 rr r   rZ 1 0 0  xx  xy  xz 1 0 0
r    Z = 0 0 −1  xy  yy  yz 0 0 1
 rZ  Z  ZZ 0 1 0  xz  yz  zz 0 −1 0
{ {
 rr = xx  r =− xz
One obtains finally:   = zz et  rZ = xy
 ZZ = yy   Z =− yz
• Case 2: passage de la bases Cartesian total (model 3D) at the cylindrical base (by supposing
that the axes z and Z are colinéaires)
z

Z
y
r

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Figure 2.2-a: Base cylindrical
{ {
e r =cos  e X sin  eY e X =cos  e r −sin  e 
One a: e =−sin  e X cos  e Y d'où e Y =sin  e r cos  e 
e Z =e Z e Z =e Z
The basic change for the tensor of the constraints is written:
[ ][ ][ ][ ]
 rr r   rZ cos  sin  0  XX  XY  XZ cos  −sin  0
r     Z = −sin  cos  0  XY  YY  YZ sin  cos  0
 rZ  Z  ZZ 0 0 1  XZ  YZ  ZZ 0 0 1
One obtains finally:
{
2 2
σ rr=cos σ XX +2 sin cos σ XY +sin σ YY
2 2
σ r =−sin cos σ XX + ( cos −sin  ) σ XY +sin  cos σYY
σ rZ =cos σ XZ +sin  σYZ
2 2
σ =sin  σ XX −2 sin  cos σ XY +cos σ YY
σ  Z =−sin σ XZ +cos σYZ
σ ZZ =σ ZZ
• Synthesis: components used for the calculation of the stress intensity factors
Circumferential defect :  zz in the cylindrical base is

 yy with an axisymmetric model
σ zz with a model 3D
Longitudinal defect : σ θθ in the cylindrical base is
σ zz with an axisymmetric model
sin 2   xx −2 sin  cos   xy cos 2   yy with a model 3D
2) Translation of the origin
The origin of the reference mark must be relocated radially to coincide with the point medium of
the band:
r ⇔ r – r 0 with r 0=R int ep rev deca a
With: Rint : ray interns tank

ep rev : thickness of the coating
deca : penetration of the defect in the coating
a : half length of the defect considered for calculation
All these sizes are schematized on the Figures 1.2-a and 2.1-a
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2.3 Digital determination of the elastic factor of intensity of the

constraints of the defect bandages
Integrals giving K IA ∞ and K IB ∞ are calculated per pieces: the decomposition comes from a
subdivision of the interval [ – a ;+a ] in N elementary subintervals on which the useful constraint
  x is linearized:
  x=i x i for x ∈I i =[ a i ; a i1 ]
The meeting of N subintervals I i for 1≤i≤N reconstitute the band [– a ;a] .

Contributions of the subinterval I i=[ ai ; ai 1] to the calculation of the FIC are given by:
{
ai1
i x i
K  02 :
K i
IA ∞ =∫
ai  pia  a− x
a x
dx
ai1
K i
IB ∞ =∫
ai  pia a− x 
i x i a x
dx
These integrals can be calculated analytically. One obtains finally the relations K  03−a :
{
ai1
 [            ]
N 2 2
K IA∞ =
a
 i=1
a
×∑  i − Arc sin
2
x
a
x
 −a
2
1−
x
a
 i Arc sin
x
a
 1−
x
a ai
ai1
 ∑[            ]
N 2 2
K IB ∞ =
a
×
 i=1
a
i Arcsin
2
x
a
x
− a
2  1−
x
a
 i Arcsin
x
a
− 1−
x
a ai
N.B. There exist formulas equivalent to the relations, established above after the changes of
variables.
{ 
ai
 i =Arc sin
a
a
 i 1 =Arcsin i1
a  
The FIC are then given by the new expressions K  03−b :
{ [  ]
N
K IA ∞ =

a a a
×∑  i − i   i 1− i   i −a i  cos  i1−cos  i   i  sin 2  i 1−sin 2  i 
 i=1 2 4
∑[  ]
N
K IB∞ =
a
×
 i=1
i 
a i
2
a
 i 1 − i  −  i a i  cos  i1−cos  i  − i  sin 2  i1−sin 2  i
4
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Note:
In practice, the calculation of K IA ∞ and K IB ∞ be carried out on the segment of support of the
applied defect. On this segment, points A (side coating) and B (side base metal or welded joint) of
the crack necessarily do not coincide with nodes of the grid.
A first stage thus consists in positioning A and B on the way of radial support on the basis of the
external skin and finishing in external skin. This positioning takes account of the shift of the defect
compared to the localization of reference of a DSR, and also of the depth of the defect.
A translation of the origin is then carried out, the new origin being located in the middle of the
segment [ A , B] (cf preceding paragraph concerning the change of reference mark).
N subintervals on which the calculation of the FIC is broken up are defined by the succession
[ A , NO 1 ] ,[ NO 1 , NO 2 ] ,… ,[ NO N −2 , NO N −1 ] ,[ NO N −1 , B ] . The nodes of the grid determine the
limits of them. Linear interpolations of the useful constraint   x are thus realized on these under -
intervals; for the first and the last, one respectively uses the interpolations on [ NO 0 , NO 1 ] and
[ NO N −1 , NO N ] , which will thus be used for calculation of the FIC only on part of their field of
definition ( NO 0 is the immediate predecessor of A on the radial way, NO N is the immediate
successor of B ).
Formulas K  03−a or K  03−b are then applied for the calculation of K IA ∞ and K IB ∞ .
It is important to note that this calculation uses constraints with the nodes of the grid , from which
the linear interpolations per pieces are given.
2.4 Factors of geometrical correction for a defect under elliptic coating

Factors of elastic intensity of the constraints K IA∞ and K IB ∞ determined previously relate to a
defect bandages in a plate of infinite size. The applied defect being on the other hand a Defect Under
elliptic Coating of form, it is necessary to correct K IA ∞ and K IB ∞ to take account on the one hand
finished dimensions of the medium and on the other hand, elliptic form of the defect. Thus, the stress
intensity factors elastic of the elliptic defect are obtained by application of two successive geometrical
corrections on K IA ∞ and K IB ∞ .
Certain conventions are fixed for the definition of the geometry of the DSR considered for calculation:
• depth 2a of a longitudinal or circumferential DSR corresponds to its radial dimension, that is

to say according to the direction carried by e .
r
• the length 2b of a longitudinal DSR corresponds to its axial dimension, that is to say
according to the direction carried by e .
Z
The presence of DSR of longitudinal orientation is generally applied in the base metal. The Figure 1.3-
a and Figure 1.3-b thus represent precisely this configuration of defect.
• The length 2b of a circumferential DSR corresponds to its dimension orthoradiale, that is to
say according to the direction carried by e  .
The presence of DSR of circumferential orientation is generally applied in the welded joint. Compared
to the Figure 1.3-a and Figure 1.3-b, this configuration of defect would be obtained by carrying out a
rotation of 90 ° face of crack around the small axis of the ellipse.
2.4.1 Correction by the factors of edge

This first correction takes account owing to the fact that the defect is located in a noninfinite medium.
Localization of the DSR defined by Figure 1.3-a and Figure 1.3-b implic of the corrections in points of
crack side coating and side base metal.
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One defines beforehand the reduced variable of space:
a
z=
 a ep rev   
where:
• ep rev is the thickness of the coating
•  is worth:
• ∣deca∣ in the case of the negative shift what corresponds has the penetration of the
DSR in the coating (see Figure 1.3-a)
• the 0 in the case of positive shift.
Point A side coating : formula K  04
F bA=0, 9987420, 142801 z −1, 133379 z 25, 491256 z 3−8, 981896 z 4 5, 765252 z 5
Point B side base metal (or welded joint) : formulas K  05
F bB=
{
1−0, 012328 z0, 395205 z 2 −0, 527964 z 30, 432714 z 4
−414 , 202861336 , 75998 z −1436 ,11970 z 2515 ,14949 z 3
si 0≤z ≤0, 92
si 0, 92z ≤1
2.4.2 Correction by the factors of ellipticity

This second correction takes account owing to the fact that the defect found an elliptic form. It must be
applied to the estimates determined for a defect bandages.
Two cases are distinguished, according to the preponderance of one or the other of two dimensions of
the elliptic form.
First case: a≤b Radial depth of the defect ≤ Length of the defect
1
f A= f B =

1,65
K  06 :
11, 464
a
b 
Second case: b≤a Length of the defect ≤ Radial depth of the defect
b 1
f A= f B = ×
a

1,65
K  07 :
11, 464
b
a 
2.4.3 Stress intensity factors elastic of an elliptic DSR
The stress intensity factors of a Defect Under elliptic Coating, obtained by correction of the FIC of a
defect bandages in a plate of infinite size, are given by the relations:
Point A side coating :
K  08−a : K IA = f A× F bA×K IA ∞
Point B side base metal (or welded joint) :

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K  08−b : K IB = f B ×F bB× K IB∞
3 Stage n°1: calculation of the elastic factor of intensity of

the constraints of the semi-elliptic defect
3.1 Definition of the defect
The defect under semi-elliptic coating of form is characterized by its radial depth (semi-axis of the
ellipse), noted a , and by its width, noted 2b . Contrary to the case of the elliptic defect where a light
shift of the defect in the coating or the base metal is possible, only the case of a shift rigorously no
one is considered for the semi-elliptic defect. The whole of the characteristics of the defect is
illustrated on the figure 3.1-a.
Coating
Base metal
C
2b
With B
has
tr T
Figure 3.1-a: Semi-elliptic defect
3.2 Calculation of the elastic stress intensity factor

The stress intensity factor elastic is calculated starting from the following formula:
[  ]
4 j
at r
K I =  a ∑  j i j
j=0 tt r
Values i 0 ,i 1 ,i 2 , i 3, i 4 are given in the RSE-M to paragraph VII.5.3.2. By homogeneity with the
notations of the RSE-M, one notes this time t r =eprev and t=epmdb .
Elastic constraints  0 ,... , 4 used for calculation are the coefficients of the polynomial
representation of the normal nominal constraint to the plan of the defect, calculated along the segment
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of support in the base metal without defect according to the variable u being worth 0 on the level of
the external wall of the coating, and tt r on the level of the opposite wall:
4 j
u
  =∑  j
L j=0
u
t t r  
Values of the constraints  0 ,... , 4 are obtained by an elastic design with the finite elements without
defect subjected to loading applied.
3.3 Determination of the coefficients of influence

Values of the coefficients of influence i 0 ,i 1 ,i 2 , i 3, i 4 for the three points of the defect A , B and C
are given in tables VII.5.3.2a and B (RSE-M) if the coating and the plate have the same Young
modulus.
Table VII.5.3.2c (RSE-M) provides the values of these coefficients of influence to the points A and
C if the Young modulus of the coating E r is worth 0,7 E where E is the Young modulus of the base
metal.
If the geometrical parameters of the defect differ from those for which the tables are drawn up, the
values of the coefficients of influence are i 0 ,i 1 ,i 2 , i 3, i 4 determined with a “barycentric” interpolation
a a Er
on the variables x= , y= and z= .
b tr E
3.4 Change of reference mark

Similarly with the case of the elliptic defect, as the linear elastic study is carried out in the Cartesian
total reference mark of the tank, a change of reference mark towards the cylindrical base is carried out
before applying the formula of determination of the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints in order
to be able to strip in a way more adapted the normal constraint to the plan of the defect. This change
of reference mark identical to that is described with the §2.2.
4 Stage n°2: calculation of the elastoplastic factor of intensity

of the constraints by the method of the “correction B ”
4.1 Plastic factor of correction on a phase of load considered separately

The expression of the factor of intensity of the constraints presented in the §2 (respectively with the
§3) corresponds to that of a defect under elliptic coating (respectively semi-elliptic) by making the
assumption of a linear elastic behavior of the coating and base metal.
The method known as of the “correction β” is specific to the defects under coating which they are
stuck to the interface or slightly shifted in the coating or the base metal and applies only within the
framework of a phase of increasing load considered separately.
It consists in applying a corrective factor, noted β With for the point side coating (respectively β B for the
point side base metal), with the elastic factor of intensity of the constraints K IA (respectively KIB ) to
take account of the influence on the defect of the occurring phenomenon of plasticization with the
level of the point side coating and the point side base metal.
This factor of plastic correction has as an expression:

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- for a defect of longitudinal orientation:
{  
36 r yA
 A=10,165×ln prof déf ×tanh 2
K  09 :
 B=10,465×1 prof déf /100×tanh
ep rev
  36 r yA
where r yA =
1 K IA
6  yA  
ep rev
- for a defect of circumferential orientation:
{
36 r yA
β A =1+0.5×tanh
( ) 2
K  09 :
β B =1+0.5×tanh (
ep rev
36 r yA
)
where r yA =
1 K IA
6  yA 
ep rev
where the unit of dimensions is the millimetre, eprev is the thickness of the coating,  yA is the yield
stress of the coating taken at the temperature of the point A .
The factor of intensity of the constraints corrected plastically at a peak side coating (respectively
points some side base metal), noted K βA (respectively KβB ), is written then:
K  10 : { K β A =β A× K IA
K β B =β B ×K IB
It is important to note that the formulas above for the coefficients β A and βB are not strictly identical
to those of the RSE-M. Indeed the RSE-M, upon reading, one notes a difference on the coefficient
intervening in front of the hyperbolic tangent with the present “correction β”.
4.2 Plastic correction during a transient

During a transient, the tank generally passes by a succession of phases of increasing load and phases
of discharge. Consequently, a transient leaves the theoretical framework of application of the method
known as of the “correction β” exposed in the §4.1. However, the concept of correction plastic was
extended to the case of a real transient while retaining at a moment given the maximum plastic
correction obtained on all the preceding phases of increasing load. The principle of this extension is
the same one as one considers the point side coating or the point side base metal. By preoccupation
with a simplicity, it is thus chooses to omit the mention of the point considered in the notations used in
the continuation of this section.
More precisely, with each new phase of increasing load, one revalues a plastic correction,
noted Δ K , as follows:
K  11:  K =K  −K I =−1× K I
where K I represent the given factor of intensity of the constraints elastic to the §2 (respectively with
the §3) for a defect under elliptic coating (respectively semi-elliptic) and β represents the plastic factor
of correction describes with the §4.1. If this plastic new correction is higher than maximum plastic
correction  K max obtained hitherto,  K max is put up to date. Plastic correction finally applied,
noted K cp , is written:
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K  12: K CP=K I  K max
In the case of a phase of discharge, the plastic correction applied consists in adding it  K max
obtained on all the preceding phases of increasing load to the elastic factor of intensity of constraints
KI. Indeed, the absence of plasticization in phase of discharge involves the fact that the plastic
correction corresponds then to the plasticized residue of the preceding phases of load.
Algorithmic
One initializes K max =0
One initializes K I_last with a high arbitrary value

• at the first moment one will be in phase of discharge per comparison with K I_last
• pas de plasticization at the first moment
Buckle over the moments of the history of the loading
If K I t n ≤ K I_last then (phase of discharge)
K CP (t n )=K I (t n )+Δ K max
If not (phase of load)
If  t n ×K I t n K I t n  K max then
K CP t n = t n × K I t n 
 K max =K CP t n − K I  t n 
If not
K CP t n = K I t n  K max
Fin Si
Fin Si
K I_last = K I t n
Fin Boucle
The same algorithmic one described above is put in work for the plastic corrections of the factors of
intensity of the constraints at the two points A and B crack as the history of the loading.
5 Validation
Order POST_K_BETA is validated by tests EPICU01, EPICU02 and EPICU03, by comparison with the
result of CUVE1D:
• EPICU01 validates the case of a longitudinal elliptic defect with point A in the coating in AXIS
and 3D;
• EPICU02 validates the case of a longitudinal elliptic defect with point A in the base metal in
AXIS;
• EPICU03 validates the case of a longitudinal semi-elliptic defect then circumferential in AXIS
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6 Bibliographical references
1 “CUVE1D Version 2 - Note of validation” H-T26-2007-00833-FR
2 “CUVE1D Version 2 - Note of reference” H-T26-2007-00803-FR.
3 “Analytical methods of calculation of the stress intensity factors and the integral J” RSE-M -
Edition 2010
4 [U4.82.07] Operator POST_K_BETA
5 [V7.14.100] EPICU01 - Validation of order POST_K_BETA
6 [V7.14.102] EPICU02 - Validation of order POST_K_BETA in the case of an elliptic defect

with a positive shift
7 [V7.14.103] EPICU03 - Validation of order POST_K_BETA in the case of a semi-elliptic

defect
7 Description of the versions of the document

Version Author (S) Description of the modifications
Aster Organization (S)
A. DAHL, S. BUGAT, R. FERNANDES Initial text
6
(EDF-R&D/MMC, R & D /AMA)
A. DAHL, S. BUGAT, R. FERNANDES
7.4
(EDF-R&D/MMC, R & D /AMA)
C. DURAND (R & D /AMA) Addition of the paragraph of bibliographical
11.2
references.
A. PARROT Addition of the paragraph Calculation of the
12.1
stress intensity factors by the method of the
coefficients of influence

Code - Aster: Simplified Analysis of Harmfulness of Defect by The Method K-Beta

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Simplified analysis of harmfulness of defect by the

1 General description of the method

1.2 Tally of validity of the method K β

∣deca∣ pdef pdef 1

The whole of these parameters is illustrated on the figure 1.2-a

Figure 1.2-1: Diagram of the defect under-coating

Figure 1.2-a: Diagram of the defect under-coating

1.3 Geometrical treatment of the shift for the elliptic defect

Figure 1.3-a: Elliptic defect shifted in the coating

Figure 1.3-b: Elliptic defect shifted in the base metal

2 Stage n°1: calculation of the elastic factor of intensity of

2.1 Elastic factor of intensity of the constraints of a defect bandages in

Figure 2.1-a: Defect bandages circumferential

Défaut bande longitudinal

Figure 2.1-b: Defect bandages longitudinal

For the defect bandages longitudinal orientation, one takes   x  = zz  x 

2.2 Change of reference mark

Figure 2.2-a: Base cylindrical

The basic change for the tensor of the constraints is written:

Figure 2.2-a: Base cylindrical

The basic change for the tensor of the constraints is written:

One obtains finally:

Circumferential defect :  zz in the cylindrical base is

2) Translation of the origin

With: Rint : ray interns tank

2.3 Digital determination of the elastic factor of intensity of the

  x=i x i for x ∈I i =[ a i ; a i1 ]

The meeting of N subintervals I i for 1≤i≤N reconstitute the band [– a ;a] .

2.4 Factors of geometrical correction for a defect under elliptic coating

• depth 2a of a longitudinal or circumferential DSR corresponds to its radial dimension, that is

2.4.1 Correction by the factors of edge

One defines beforehand the reduced variable of space:

Point A side coating : formula K  04

Point B side base metal (or welded joint) : formulas K  05

2.4.2 Correction by the factors of ellipticity

Point A side coating :

Point B side base metal (or welded joint) :

K  08−b : K IB = f B ×F bB× K IB∞

3 Stage n°1: calculation of the elastic factor of intensity of

3.2 Calculation of the elastic stress intensity factor

3.3 Determination of the coefficients of influence

3.4 Change of reference mark

4 Stage n°2: calculation of the elastoplastic factor of intensity

4.1 Plastic factor of correction on a phase of load considered separately

This factor of plastic correction has as an expression:

- for a defect of longitudinal orientation:

- for a defect of circumferential orientation:

4.2 Plastic correction during a transient

K  12: K CP=K I  K max

One initializes K max =0

One initializes K I_last with a high arbitrary value

Buckle over the moments of the history of the loading

If K I t n ≤ K I_last then (phase of discharge)

K CP (t n )=K I (t n )+Δ K max

If not (phase of load)

If  t n ×K I t n K I t n  K max then

2 “CUVE1D Version 2 - Note of reference” H-T26-2007-00803-FR.

4 [U4.82.07] Operator POST_K_BETA

5 [V7.14.100] EPICU01 - Validation of order POST_K_BETA

6 [V7.14.102] EPICU02 - Validation of order POST_K_BETA in the case of an elliptic defect

7 [V7.14.103] EPICU03 - Validation of order POST_K_BETA in the case of a semi-elliptic

7 Description of the versions of the document